电磁层析成像实验系统中的修正共轭梯度算法

为了提高电磁层析成像实验室系统的图像重建能力,改善共轭梯度算法不严格收敛和不充分下降的特点,推导出适应于电磁层析成像技术的修正共轭梯度算法,并分析了修正共轭梯度算法的收敛情况。在实验室电磁层析成像系统中,验证了修正共轭梯度算法的图像成像效果,并用图像误差和相关度评价了正则化算法、Landweber迭代算法、共轭梯度算法和修正共轭梯度算法,得出结论:在8线圈高频电磁层析成像实验室系统中,对于不同流型,修正共轭梯度算法的图像误差远低于其他算法,和原始图像的相关性最大。     

基于评价指标的EIT算法参数选择方法研究

为客观准确地选择EIT算法参数,采用8种评价参数指标对共轭梯度算法的迭代次数和Tikhonov正则化算法的正则化因子的选择进行研究.首先,构建EIT正问题模型,并求得两种算法的逆问题解;然后,根据8种评价参数的定义,获得图像重建时的最佳参考值范围:共轭梯度迭代算法的迭代次数在70~80次,正则化因子的取值范围为0.01~0.1.为了验证上述结论,重建EIT图像,并进行对比分析.结果表明:基于评价指标获得参数重建图像的效果更令人满意;针对参数选择,提出的方法可为其他电阻抗图像重建算法提供一种客观的评价依据,为EIT图像质量评价体系的构建奠定基础.     

电容成像图像重建算法原理及评价

对现有的电容成像图像重建算法进行了综述并介绍了其原理,其中包括线性反投影法(LBP)、基于奇异值分解(SVD)的直接算法、Tikhonov正则化方法、Newton-Raphson算法、最速下降法、Landweber迭代算法、代数重建技术(ART)、同步迭代重建技术(SIRT)和基于模型的重建算法。在此基础上使用仿真和实验数据对目前主要使用的线性反投影法、基于奇异值分解的直接方法、Tikhonov正则化方法、Tikhonov迭代、投影Landweber迭代等进行了评价。对它们从电容值误差、图像误差、相关系数和耗用时间几个角度进行了比较,并对今后电容成像图像重建算法的发展方向提出了一些看法。     

电容层析成像算法

电容层析成像技术具有非侵入,响应快,低成本,测量范围宽及易于安装等特点,在多相流在线检测中具有良好的发展前景.电容成像中图像的重建算法与技术,是其在工业实际中得以应用的关键.近年来在图像重建方面的研究取得了较大的进展,Tikhonov正则法,Landweber迭代法、同步跌代法、神经网络法、共轭梯度法及通用迭代法的图像重建质量较LBP法有了明显提高.     

距离观测方程非线性平差的正则化共轭梯度法

基于稳定泛函约束思想,推导了距离观测方程非线性平差的正则化共轭梯度法.该算法将稳定泛函约束作用于共轭梯度法,解决了共轭梯度法求解病态测距定位方程的不稳定甚至不收敛的问题,提高了正则化数值算法的收敛效率,最后采用模拟数据和水下定位实测数据进行了验证.实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的收敛稳定性,收敛效率优于迭代正则化算法.     

基于分割Bregman迭代的内-外置电极电容层析成像

针对电容层析成像(electrical capacitance tomography,ECT)逆问题的病态性和不适定性,提出了一种基于分割布雷格曼迭代(split Bregman iteration,SBI)的图像重构算法。在目标函数中引入基于参考图像的正则化、低阶约束和空间约束,从而提高成像质量和空间分辨率。对内-外置电极的ECT敏感场内环形区域进行图像重建。仿真结果表明:与Tlkhonov正则化算法和Landweber迭代算法相比,基于布雷格曼迭代的图像重建算法具有较好的空间分辨率,图像误差降低至0. 162 1,图像相关系数提升至0. 874 4,图像重建的精度和质量较高,说明了该算法在ECT图像重建领域的可行性和有效性。     

带限信号重构问题的迭代正则化方法

针对带限信号重构问题的迭代正则化方法,提出用Landweber迭代法和最速下降法求解低频带限信号重构问题,导出正则化问题的预条件梯度迭代格式,并对三种方法进行比较,进行数值模拟的结果表明:最速下降法与Landweber迭代法具有非常相似的迭代公式,最速下降法既是正则化方法,又可以最优选取迭代步长,比Landweber迭...     

电容层析成像算法

电容层析成像技术具有非侵入,响应快,低成本,测量范围宽及易于安装等特点,在多相流在线检测中具有良好的发展前景。电容成像中图像的重建算法与技术,是其在工业实际中得以应用的关键。近年来在图像重建方面的研究取得了较大的进展,Tikhonov正则法,Landweber迭代法、同步跌代法、神经网络法、共轭梯度法及通用迭代法的图像重建质量较LBP法有了明显提高。     

基于稀疏正则化的内外置电极电容层析成像

利用一种基于软阈值的稀疏正则化图像重构算法,对IEE ECT内部的介质分布进行重构,并与Landweber迭代算法进行对比。仿真和实验结果表明:对于内外置电极的ECT,基于软阈值的稀疏正则化重构算法可以明显减少迭代步数,提高重构图像的质量。     

改进的预处理共轭梯度图像复原算法

针对Tikhonov正则化的预处理共轭梯度图像复原算法中模糊图像取全零扩展矩阵的不足之处,研究了零边界条件下Tikhonov正则化的预处理共轭梯度算法. 提出了新的模糊图像的扩展矩阵,降低了原矩阵向量积的计算误差,修正了初始梯度的取值. 改进算法更符合真实的图像退化过程,有效提高了复原的图像质量. 实验结果表明:对于各种退化造成的模糊图像,与当前求解全变分正则化的IST、TwIST、SALSA算法比较,本文算法复原效果优于当前流行的图像复原算法.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-