环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮的催化合成

目的合成环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮。方法采用浸渍法制备了H6P2W18O62/TiO2-SiO2催化剂,并采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM对其进行了表征。以环己酮和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇为原料,催化合成环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮,采用FT-IR、1 H NMR、13 C NMR等表征手段来分析合成产物为环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮。结果在酮醇摩尔比为1∶1.4,带水剂环己烷用量8mL,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.0%,反应时间1.0h的条件下,缩酮收率可达85.0%。催化剂重复使用5次后收率有72.6%。结论 H6P2W18O62/TiO2-SiO2催化剂对合成环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮不仅反应时间短,催化剂用量少,而且产品收率高。     

H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

采用浸渍法制备了H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,并通过FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征。探讨了该催化剂对合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的催化活性,研究了不同因素对产品收率的影响。在n（乙二醇）∶n（环己酮）=1.4∶1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.5%,反应时间75 min的条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率为87.5%.     

H_6P_2Mo_(15)W_3O_(62)改性MOF-508金属有机框架对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附

采用溶剂热法,在合成金属有机骨架MOF-508的过程中引入活性组分H_6P_2Mo_(15)W_3O_(62),制备出一种新型吸附剂H_6P_2Mo_(15)W_3O_(62)/MOF-508,利用FT-IR、XRD、TG、BET、SEM对其结构进行分析,进而研究其亚甲基蓝的吸附性能.研究结果表明,H_6P_2Mo_(15)W_3O_(62)/MOF-508对亚甲基蓝有很好的吸附性能,在20℃和溶液的p H=2的条件下的吸附量达277.78 mg/g.等温吸附模型符合Langmuir等温吸附型,拟二级动力学能较好描述吸附的过程.H_6P_2Mo_(15)W_3O_(62)/MOF-508对亚甲基蓝的吸附是自发和放热的过程.     

H3PW12O40/ZrO2催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

合成了一种复合催化剂H3PW12O40/ZrO2,以环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮为探针反应,对合成该催化剂的焙烧温度、焙烧时间及负载量进行了探究。将优化条件下制得的H3PW12O40/ZrO2为催化剂,以环己酮和乙二醇为原料合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮。探讨H3PW12O40/ZrO2对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验表明:H3PW12O40/ZrO2是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,固定环己酮用量为0.15 mol,在n(环己酮):n(乙二醇)=1:1.6,催化剂用量为0.25 g,带水剂环己烷为12 mL,反应时间90 min的适宜条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达72.2%。     

介孔TiO2固体超强酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了纳米TiO2固体超强酸催化剂和介孔TiO2固体超强酸催化剂，表征了催化剂的物化性能．研究了浓硫酸和固体超强酸催化剂催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的催化性能，系统考察了酮和醇物质的量的比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响．试验表明，介孔TiO2固体超强酸是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n（酮）：n（醇）=1：1．5，催化剂用量1．0g，环己酮用量20．66mL，带水剂环己烷用量20mL，反应时间2h的优化条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达82．1％．     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV),并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,探讨SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.实验表明:SO42-/TiO2-Ce(IV)是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(酮)∶n(醇)=1∶1 5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0h的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达85.7%.     

活性炭负载磷钼钨杂多酸银盐催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以活性炭为载体,制备了负载的磷钼钨杂多酸银盐催化剂,并以环己酮、乙二醇为原料,考察了该催化剂催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的活性.研究了催化剂负载量、用量、反应条件(时间、温度、酮醇摩尔比)等因素对缩合反应收率的影响.实验表明,活性炭负载磷钼钨杂多酸银盐是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,当负载量为30%时,催化剂用量为环己酮质量的8%,n(环己酮):n(乙二醇)=1:1.8,反应温度为110～120℃,反应时间为60 min,环己烷为带水剂,环已酮乙二醇缩酮收率可达到90.2%.     

固载杂多酸PW12/C催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

用固载杂多酸PW12／C催化合成了香料环己酮乙二醇缩酮．研究了酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间．反应温度等因素对产品收率的影响％实验表明：同载磷钨酸是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的优良催化剂。13(环己酮)：n(乙二醇)为1：1．5，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．8％．苯作带水剂，控温110℃左右，反应时间为40min的条件下，环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达89．6％。催化剂重复使用四次．收率均在80％以上。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,以环己酮和乙二醇为原料合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,通过正交实验法,较系统地研究了合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的影响因素.实验表明:固定环己酮物质的量为0.2mol,在n (环己酮)∶ n (乙二醇) = 1∶ 1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2.6%,带水剂环己烷20mL,反应时间60min的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达78.9%.     

MCM-41负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以介孔MCM-41负载磷钨杂多酸(PW)为催化剂,采用苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料,合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。实验考察了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度诸因素对收率的影响。实验表明:PW/MCM-41是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为:n(苯甲醛):n(乙二醇)=1:1.75,催化剂的质量为反应物总质量的1.5%,反应温度为120℃,反应时间1.0h。上述反应条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达73.29%左右。     

Mechanisms and assessment of water eutrophication

Water eutrophication has become a worldwide environmental problem in recent years, and understanding the mechanisms of water eutrophication will help for prevention and remediation of water eutrophication. In this paper, recent advances in current status and major mechanisms of water eutrophication, assessment and evaluation criteria, and the influencing factors were reviewed. Water eutrophication in lakes, reservoirs, estuaries and rivers is widespread all over the world and the severity is increasing, especially in the developing countries like China. The assessment of water eutrophication has been advanced from simple individual parameters like total phosphorus, total nitrogen, etc., to comprehensive indexes like total nutrient status index. The major influencing factors on water eutrophication include nutrient enrichment, hydrodynamics, environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, carbon dioxide, element balance, etc., and microbial and biodiversity. The occurrence of water eutrophication is actually a complex function of all the possible influencing factors. The mechanisms of algal blooming are not fully understood and need to be further investigated.     

9-(2,7-二溴-9-正丁基-9-H-芴)壬烷-2,4-二酮的合成与表征

在优化条件下,用NaH、n-BuLi、THF、芴、溴、二溴代烃、二酮为原料,通过溴代反应合成了新型的含芴发光材料前体9-(2,7-二溴-9-正丁基-9-H-芴)壬烷-2,4-二酮(DBBFOD);产物的收率为56％,纯度＞99％,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析确证.     

Accumulation and distribution of arsenic and cadmium by tea plants

It is important to research the rules about accumulation and distribution of arsenic and cadmium by tea plants, which will give us some scientific ideas about how to control the contents of arsenic and cadmium in tea. In this study, by field investigation and pot trial, we found that mobility of arsenic and cadmium in tea plants was low. Most arsenic and cadmium absorbed were fixed in feeding roots and only small amount was transported to the above-ground parts. Distribution of arsenic and cadmium, based on their concentrations of unit dry matter, in tea plants grown on un-contaminated soil was in the order： feeding roots〉stems=main roots〉old leaves〉young leaves. When tea plants were grown on polluted soils simulated by adding salts of these two metals, feeding roots possibly acted as a buffer and defense, and arsenic and cadmium were transported less to the aboveground parts. The concentration of cadmium in soil significantly and negatively correlated with chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and biomass production of tea plants.