分数阶PID控制运用于励磁控制系统

针对传统的PID(proportion integration differentiation)控制器已难以满足励磁控制系统动态、静态性能以及遏制干扰能力的要求,采用比传统的PID控制器多了两个参数的分数阶PID(FOPID)控制器.该控制器调节的范围更加广泛,能够很好的适应当前励磁控制系统的需要.对其控制器与PID控制器做了对比仿真,结果表明:分数阶PID控制器具有优于传统PID控制器的性能.     

分频输电系统的稳定控制研究

针对分频输电系统非线性的特点，基于非线性微分几何控制理论，提出了分频输电系统的非线性励磁控制器的设计方法，应用该方法设计的非线性励磁控制器不仅可以提高分频输电系统的稳定性，而且减小了发电机端电压的波动。计算机仿真表明，该种控制器与仅考虑稳定性而设计的非线性励磁控制器相比较，不仅有效地提高了分频输电系统的稳定性，而且提高了发电机电压的调节精度。     

灰色预测模糊自调节PID控制器及其仿真

结合灰色预测、模糊自调节与传统PID控制的设计思想,提出灰色预测模糊自调节PID控制算法.该算法用系统输出误差和系统输出预测误差合成的综合误差作为PID控制器的输入,同时模糊自调节系统又能根据综合误差及其变化率来调整PID参数.仿真结果表明,与模糊自调节PID控制器相比,该控制器具有良好的动态性能和鲁棒性.     

非线性解耦控制在油气水三相分离器控制中的应用

油气水三相分离器的3个输出变量之间存在比较严重的藕合，需设计解耦控制器，而PID控制器控制效果不好．根据油气水三相分离器的工作原理，建立了其动态数学模型；根据反馈线性化的原理，设计了非线性控制器．仿真表明，非线性控制与PID控制的混合控制能有效地消除输出变量之间的藕合．     

参数不确定对象的模糊非线性PID控制方法

针对传统 PID 控制不能同时获得较佳的动静态性能和一些非线性 PID 控制需构造合适的非线性函数和附加参数调整等问题,提出了将一维模糊控制器与 PID 控制器相级联构成了一个新型模糊非线性 PID 控制器。该一维模糊控制器只需用五条控制规则,实现了输入与输出的非线性增益关系,并且模糊非线性 PID 控制器利用原有的 PID 控制参数,易于实现。同时针对一类参数不确定的被控对象,采用基于蒙特卡罗方法进行随机试验得出了一种控制系统的性能评价方法     

参数自适应模糊PID控制器在自动励磁调节系统中的应用

在参数自适应模糊PID控制器的基础上，利用模糊推理的方法实现了对PID参数的在线自动整定，并且在MATLAB软件下将该控制器在自动励磁调节系统中的应用进行了研究，仿真结果表明，参数自适应模糊PID控制能使系统达到满意的控制效果，对进一步应用研究具有较大的参考价值。     

铝粉雾化炉铝液温度模糊-PID复合控制

铝粉氮气雾化生产过程中,保持雾化炉铝液温度的稳定非常重要,但铝粉雾化炉是一个非线性、大滞后、不确定性系统,采用常规PID控制器很难保证控制效果．为此针对雾化炉的铝液温度变化特性,结合模糊控制器和PID控制器的特点,设计了一种模糊-PID复合控制器．利用加权因子,将模糊控制器的输出和PID控制器的输出加权综合,使得控制器在误差较大时,主要由模糊控制器起作用,而在误差较小时主要由PID控制器起作用．模糊-PID复合控制器既保持了PID控制的稳定误差小、稳定性好的优点,又具有模糊控制自适应和调节速度快的特点,能够很好地保持铝液温度的稳定,在现场应用中取得了较好的控制效果．     

自并励励磁系统的优化设计

鉴于常规PID控制不能提高自并励励磁系统的控制性能,提出了采用模糊PID控制技术对自并励励磁系统进行优化设计,在给出基于模糊PID控制的自并励励磁系统结构的基础上,确定了模糊PID控制器输入变量及输出变量的隶属度函数和模糊控制规则,根据给定的系统参数,在MATLAB中进行了建模仿真,其仿真结果表明,采用模糊PID控制技术可以大大提高自并励励磁系统的控制性能。     

非线性励磁控制器在平度热电厂的应用研究（上）：数字仿真

本文对平度热电厂系统进行了数字仿真，比较了发电机装设线性励磁控制器和非线性励磁控制器对系统稳定性的影响。仿真结果表明，系统中装设非线性励磁控制器的发电机愈多，则系统稳定性的改善愈明显。该结果对非线性励磁控制器进入实际应用提供了有指导意义的参考。     

模糊PID控制器的设计

常规PID控制器由于简单、稳定性好、可靠性高而广泛应用于过程控制。PID调节过程的品质取决于PID控制器各个参数的整定。常规PID控制器不能在线整定参数，因而不能很好地控制非线性、时变的复杂系统和模型不清楚的系统。模糊控制器对复杂的和模型不清楚的系统能够进行简单有效地控制。因此，结合传统PID控制器的优点，同时，考虑到模糊控制实现的特点，提出了模糊PID控制器的思想。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to