3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯醛的合成

目的:以苯酚为原料,经酯化、Fries重排、烷基化、Vislsmeier反应等,合成3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯醛.方法:查阅、分析、归纳相关文献,设计出3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯的合成路线,运用化学合成法合成该目标产物,并检测其纯度.结果:通过实验研究,合成了-3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯醛.结论:3-氯-3-(4-苄氧基)-3-苯丙烯醛的熔点为88～90℃,收率76.9%,纯度98.21%.     

盐酸2-芳基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇的合成及表征

6-甲氧基-2-(2-溴丙酰基)萘、a-溴-3-氯苯丙酮、a-溴-4-苄氧基苯丙酮和a-溴-4-苄氧基苯戊酮分别与二乙醇胺于50℃搅拌反应1h,合成相应的2-(6-甲氧基-2-萘基)-3-甲基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇、2-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇、2-(4-苄氧基苯基)-3-甲基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇、2-(4-苄氧基苯基)-3-丙基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇,2-芳基-4-羟乙基-2-吗啉醇经氯化氢酸化得其盐酸盐,收率58．3％～89．8％．其结构经^1HNMR,^1H-^1H COSY,IR,MS确证．     

2-氨基-4-苄氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯的合成工艺

2-氨基-4-苄氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯是重要的有机合成中间体,在医药方面具有重要的应用价值.对其合成路线进行了优化:以香草酸甲酯为原料,经过羟基苄基化、硝化反应和选择性硝基还原合成2-氨基-4-苄氧基-5-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯.各步反应的最佳条件(反应试剂、反应温度、反应时间、摩尔收率)分别为:羟基苄基化:丙酮,回流,3 h,93.77%;硝化:乙酸酐,0～5℃,2 h,94.40%;硝基还原:甲苯,回流,4 h,93.12%.优化后各步反应副反应少,产品纯度高,收率高,总收率达82.42%;工艺简洁,适合工业化生产.     

4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的合成

改进4-[1,2,4] 三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的合成方法,以价廉易得的对氰基氯苄代替对氰基溴苄,研究对氰基氯苄与1H-[1,2,4]三氮唑的N-烃基化反应及合成4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的工艺条件.实验所选用的最佳工艺条件:对氰基氯苄为0.03 mol,1H-[1,2,4]三氮唑用量为0.045 mol,乙腈溶剂为20 mL,混合碱(无水碳酸钾和氢氧化钾的量比为1∶1)的总用量为0.03 mol,反应温度为70 ℃,反应时间为5 h,在此条件下,4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的收率可达76%.     

4-硝基吲哚的合成研究

对4-硝基吲哚的合成进行了研究.2-甲基-3-硝基苯胺与原甲酸三乙酯(n(2-甲基3-硝基苯胺):n(原甲酸三乙酯)= 1: 01.2)在120℃及对甲苯磺酸催化下,反应3.0 h生成N-(2-甲基-3-硝基苯基)乙氧基甲亚胺,收率82.58%.N-(2-甲基-3-硝基苯基)乙氧基甲亚胺与乙醇钾及草酸二乙酯(n(N-(2-甲基-3-硝基苯基)乙氧基甲亚胺): n(乙醇钾与草酸二乙酯)=1: 1.15)在35℃反应2.5 h,生成4-硝基吲哚,粗产品收率98.8%.水-乙醇重结晶,重结晶收率55.1%,然后真空升华,得到浅黄色产品,升华收率63%.反应总收率30%以上,产品经红外确认.     

5-(2-甲氧基羰基-E-乙烯基)-7-甲氧基-2-(4-苄氧基苯基)苯并〔b〕呋喃的合成

目的:以对-羟基苯乙酮为原料,经烷基化、Vislsmeier反应等,合成5-(2-甲氧基羰基-E-乙烯基)-7-甲氧基-2-(4-苄氧基苯基)苯并〔b〕呋喃。方法:查阅、分析、归纳相关文献设计出5-(2-甲氧基羰基-E-乙烯基)-7-甲氧基-2-(4-苄氧基苯基)苯并〔b〕呋喃的合成路线,运用化学合成法合成该目标产物,并检测其纯度。结果:通过实验研究,合成了5-(2-甲氧基羰基-E-乙烯基)-7-甲氧基-2-(4-苄氧基苯基)苯并〔b〕呋喃。结论:5-(2-甲氧基羰基-E-乙烯基)-7-甲氧基-2-(4-苄氧基苯基)苯并〔b〕呋喃的熔点170~171℃,收率25.2%,纯度99.08%。     

T罗拉匹坦关键中间体的合成

合成一种罗拉匹坦关键中间体(S)-1-((R)-1-(3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基)乙氧基)-3-氧-2-苯基丙烷-2-基)氨基甲酸苄酯(1)。以N-Cbz-L-苯甘氨酸(2)与苯甲醛二甲缩醛(3)为原料,在三氟化硼乙醚体系中经缩合反应制得(2R,4S)-2,4-二苯基噁唑烷酮-3-甲酸苄酯(4),收率为92%;4与(S)-1-(3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基)乙醇(5)经溴甲基化产物6在低温下发生取代反应,得到中间体7,收率为72%;7经四氢铝锂还原与碳酸氢钠水解,制得罗拉匹坦关键中间体1,两步收率为75%,反应总收率为50%。中间体及产物的结构经核磁共振和质谱确证。该法反应时间短,条件温和,操作简便,具有工业化应用前景。     

7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸的合成

7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸(7-AVCA)是合成头孢地尼和头孢克肟的重要中间体。以7-苯乙酰氨基-3-氯甲基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧基苄酯(GCLE)为起始原料,经Wittig反应,酶解得到7-AVCA。实验结果表明:当n(NaI)∶n(NaBr)=1∶3时,可大大降低生产成本,且不影响产品收率;当V(CH2Cl2)∶V(CH3OH)=1∶4时,7-苯乙酰氨基-3-乙烯基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧苄酯(GVNE)的收率为93%,纯度为98.5%;在高效液相色谱的质量分数w(HPLC)0.2%时,产品的收率为85%(以7-苯乙酰氨基-3-氯甲基-4-头孢烷酸对甲氧基苄酯(GCLE)记的产品),纯度为99.8%。该合成路线步骤简单、条件温和,对环境污染小。     

1-Boc-吲哚-2-硼酸衍生物的合成

1-Boc-吲哚-2-硼酸衍生物是一类重要的有机中间体,广泛用于卤代芳烃参与的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应,从而构建复杂吲哚化合物.为了合成这类吲哚硼酸衍生物,以邻甲基硝基苯的衍生物(1a~1g)为起始原料,通过与DMFDMA、THP进行反应并进行浓缩结晶合成对应的烯胺;烯胺与还原剂进行还原关环得到吲哚衍生物;吲哚衍生物与二碳酸二叔丁酯反应完成对吲哚的保护; Boc保护的吲哚衍生物在低温无水无氧条件下与硼酸三异丙酯、LDA反应引入硼酸基团共4步反应,成功合成了包括6-苄氧基-1-Boc-吲哚-2-硼酸在内的共计7种吲哚硼酸衍生物(5a~5g),其结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、IR和MS表征.     

2-乙氧羰基-3-甲基-4,5-四亚甲基吡咯的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯(1)为原料,以醋酸为反应介质,通过与亚硝酸钠的肟化反应得到化合物N-羟基亚胺乙酰乙酸乙酯(2),化合物2在缓冲的乙酸溶液中通过锌粉还原、与环己酮(3)加成环化反应生成化合物2-乙氧羰基-3-甲基-4,5-四亚甲基吡咯(4),反应的总收率为38.95%.而采用"一锅煮"合成方法制备化合物4可使反应的总收率达到49.76%.考察了在该反应体系的pH值为3.8～4.0时,其他一些反应条件对目标化合物4合成收率的影响,确定了最佳的反应条件为:锌粉与反应物1的摩尔比为2.9:1,反应温度为95～100 ℃.所合成的化合物的结构用元素分析、IR、1H NMR等测试手段进行了表征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.