介孔钨铝复合氧化物载铂催化剂催化甘油氢解反应

以Al(OH)_3为铝源,用分步浸渍-焙烧法制备介孔钨铝复合氧化物负载铂催化剂。在连续流动固定床反应器中,考察催化剂催化甘油氢解制备1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PDO)的催化性能与稳定性。通过N2物理吸附、X线衍射(XRD)方法表征反应前后催化剂的结构。结果表明:介孔钨铝复合氧化物负载铂催化剂的平均孔径为16 nm,催化剂在甘油氢解反应中呈现良好的催化活性。催化剂焙烧温度、反应温度、甘油质量空速(WHSV)及甘油水溶液浓度等因素变化对1,3-丙二醇产率及甘油转化率有较大影响。在160℃、4 MPa、60%甘油水溶液进料、甘油质量空速为0.25 h~(-1)、H_2与甘油摩尔比为100∶1的条件下,介孔钨铝复合氧化物负载铂催化剂催化甘油氢解反应,甘油转化率为54.1%,1,3-丙二醇的产率与选择性分别为26.2%与50.3%。催化剂长期稳定性良好。     

Pt/Nd2O3-WO3/ZrO2催化甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇

制备不同Nd2O3质量分数的2％ Pt/Nd2O3-WO3/ZrO2催化剂.通过N2物理吸附,NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、H2程序升温脱附(H2-TPD)、CO脉冲吸附等方法表征催化剂的物理化学性质.用固定床连续流动反应器考察催化剂对甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇反应的催化性能.结果表明,引入Nd2 O3提高了催化剂的H2吸附量,进而提高了催化剂的催化活性;焙烧温度对催化剂性能有重要影响.在4 MPa、130℃、质量分数为60％甘油水溶液进料、液体体积空速(LHSV)0.25 h-1反应条件下,2％ Pt/0.25NdWZ (700,450)催化剂催化甘油氢解反应,甘油转化率为75.2％,1,3-丙二醇产率达28.9％,产物中n(1,3-丙二醇)/n(1,2-丙二醇)达到21.9.     

助剂对介孔镍铝催化剂催化山梨醇氢解的影响

采用溶剂挥发诱导自组装(EISA)法制备介孔镍铝催化剂,考察稀土元素La和Ce及碱土金属元素Ca和Mg的掺入对介孔镍铝催化剂物化性能及催化剂对山梨醇氢解催化性能的影响。结果表明:所有助剂在催化剂中均高度分散,且对样品的介孔结构基本无影响;稀土元素的掺入促进了Ni的分散,降低了Ni的粒径;与碱土金属相似,La的引入对样品的碱量有促进作用;与M-8Ni Al催化剂相比,掺入助剂后的催化剂在山梨醇氢解反应中的催化性能有所提高,M- 8Ni3La Al样品的催化性能最高;以M-8Ni3La Al为催化剂,在反应温度为220℃,反应氢压为6 MPa及反应时间为8 h时,山梨醇转化率达94.5%,小分子多元醇收率为58.1%。     

Pd对Cu/ZnO催化甘油氢解制取1,2-丙二醇性能的影响

通过共沉淀法和浸渍法制备负载微量Pd的Pd/Cu/ZnO (n(Cu)/n(Zn)=1/1.4)催化剂,采用H2程序升温还原 (H2TPR)、N2O吸附和H2吸附等方法对催化剂进行表征,在连续流动固定床反应器中考察Pd/Cu/ZnO催化甘油氢解的反应性能.结果表明:引入微量Pd降低了催化剂的还原温度,增强了催化剂氢吸附性能,但对催化剂活性Cu表面积的影响较小,有效地提高了催化剂上甘油氢解反应的稳定性.从Pd表面溢流到Cu表面的活化氢原子降低了H2O对催化剂活性Cu的氧化.     

活性炭负载Fe_2O_3催化臭氧降解丁香酚

应用制备的活性炭(AC)负载活性组分催化剂催化臭氧处理丁香酚模拟废水,通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面积分析仪对制备的催化剂特性进行表征,考察了AC负载活性组分的种类和初始pH值、负载量、催化剂加入量对催化臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)(重铬酸盐指数)去除效果的影响,并对降解过程中COD_(Cr)的去除反应动力学进行研究.结果表明:AC表面成功负载了活性组分Fe_2O_3、CuO/Cu_2O、CeO_2、NiO,制备的催化剂(Fe/AC、Cu/AC、Ce/AC、Ni/AC)具有明显的催化活性,显著提高了臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的去除效果,催化活性从大到小依次为Fe/ACCe/AC Cu/AC Ni/AC;制备的Fe/AC具有最高的催化活性,在pH值为11、负载量为3%、Fe/AC加入量为0.3g/L条件下,反应60 min后COD_(Cr)去除率达到88. 90%,分别比AC催化臭氧处理和单独臭氧处理提高了21. 13%和29. 95%.动力学分析表明,臭氧氧化、AC、Fe/AC、Ce/AC、Cu/AC、Ni/AC催化臭氧氧化处理丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的降解符合表观二级动力学规律,活性炭负载的活性组分有效提高了反应的动力学速率.     

反应条件对丙酸甲酯催化加氢的影响

采用浸渍、水热还原方法制备的Ru-Pt/A lOOH催化剂,以水作溶剂,用于丙酸甲酯催化加氢制备丙醇反应.考察了催化剂中金属担载量、溶剂体积、反应时间、温度和氢气压力对丙酸甲酯转化率和丙醇选择性的影响.在180℃、氢压5.0 MPa条件下,反应6 h,丙酸甲酯的转化率达到89.1%,丙醇选择性为97.8%.     

还原压力及水对Pt/WO3/ZrO2催化甘油氢解性能的影响

用浸渍法制备Pt/WO3/ZrO2催化剂。通过H2程序升温脱附(H2-TPD)测试不同压力下还原处理的Pt/WO3/ZrO2催化剂的氢吸附能力,在固定床反应器中考察Pt/WO3/ZrO2催化剂上甘油氢解制取1,3-丙二醇反应的性能。结果表明:提高催化剂的还原压力使催化剂的氢吸附能力增强,有利于催化剂上甘油氢解反应的进行。甘油水溶液的水含量对催化剂的甘油氢解性能影响较大,水促进了催化剂上氢解反应的进行,但过多的水易导致催化剂失活。     

水及还原温度对氧化铕促进的Cu-ZnO催化剂上甘油氢解性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了氧化铕(Eu2O3)促进的Cu-ZnO催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2O脉冲吸附等手段对所制备的催化剂物化性质进行表征,考察了它们在连续流动固定床反应器中甘油氢解反应的催化性能,讨论了反应液中水的质量分数及还原温度对Eu2O3促进的Cu-ZnO催化性能的影响.结果表明:引入Eu2O3不改变甘油氢解反应的产物分布,但能显著提高催化剂的稳定性;减少反应液中水含量及降低还原温度有利于提高催化剂的稳定性;稀土Eu2O3能够增强Cu-ZnO的抗水氧化能力,使催化剂表面Cu0难被水氧化而不易失活.     

Pd-Ni/HZSM-5多相催化乙酸、乙醛一步加氢酯化研究

采用浸渍法制备了负载型双金属催化剂Pt-Ni/HZSM-5,并用于催化乙醛和乙酸气相一步加氢酯化反应.X-射线衍射结果表明,双金属在催化剂表面处于高分散状态.研究了镍负载量、焙烧温度、还原温度、反应温度、氢醛比以及催化剂用量对催化性能的影响.结果表明,催化剂制备条件和反应条件对催化性能有显著的影响.微量Pt的引入使催化剂的催化活性增强.     

Raney Ni催化呋喃加氢制备四氢呋喃的研究

研究了以Ranev Ni为催化剂,在高压釜中进行呋喃加氢制四氢呋哺研究;分析了呋喃加氢反应条件对制备四氢呋喃的影响.实验结果表明,在一定条件下,可以获得较高的呋喃转化率和四氢呋喃收率.在Raney Ni用量为8%～12%,氢压为2.0～5.0 MPa的反应条件下,呋喃的转化率可达99%,四氢呋喃的收率约为70%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.