带组合桥面板的组合梁受弯承载能力试验

为研究带钢板—混凝土组合桥面板的组合梁在承受正弯矩和负弯矩的受弯承载能力及受力性能,进行了两个带组合桥面板组合梁试件的两点对称集中加载静力试验研究,两个试件分别按承受正弯矩和承受负弯矩两种情况设计,在试验中主要考察组合梁纯弯段的破坏形态、破坏机制和极限承载能力.研究结果表明,按承受正弯矩和负弯矩设计的两个组合梁试件中上...     

悬臂施工技术在桥梁工程中的应用

随着连续梁桥向大跨、多跨发展,悬臂浇筑施工法以其充分利用了预应力混凝土承受负弯矩能力强,大大提高了梁桥的跨越能力的特点以及在施工期间不影响桥下行车等优势得以广泛应用,本文以大跨径预应力混凝土连续梁桥为例,就悬臂浇筑施工法的施工特点以及当前存在的问题及应对措施进行探索。     

预压装配式预应力混凝土框架梁端延性特征及耗能能力

文章通过一榀一跨三层预压装配式预应力混凝土框架在低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究,探讨了预压装配式预应力混凝土框架梁端的受力性能、滞回曲线、延性特征及耗能能力等抗震性能。试验研究表明,框架梁端组合截面发生弯曲破坏时,梁截面中和轴位置稳定,截面变形符合平截面假定;梁端截面仅依靠预应力筋承受弯矩,截面延性系数在3.64~5.62之间,具有较好的转动能力和延性;在跨中竖向荷载持续作用下,梁端负弯矩产生的曲率恢复滞后,残余变形产生积累效应。     

长输管线中直管跨越管道的力学分析

将埋地管线直管跨越管道的悬空段简化为大挠度梁,且考虑几何非线性,将埋地段看成有限长梁,考虑土壤纵向抗力的物理非线性,研究了固定墩位置、管道温差、跨长、自重及防腐层厚度变化对挠度、弯矩、应力的影响以及挠度、弯矩、应力在跨长方向的分布情况。结果表明:随着固定墩到悬空段距离的增加,固定墩处弯矩从小于跨中弯矩向大于跨中弯矩变化,跨中挠度在跨度为5~10 m时迅速增加,随后趋于稳定。     

钢一混凝土组合空腹板架结构负弯矩区力学性能研究

为研究钢—混凝土组合空腹板架结构负弯矩区力学性能,基于有限元分析软件Abaqus建立两跨半连续空腹板有限元模型,考虑了材料和几何非线性,对模型进行了竖向均布荷载作用下的力学性能研究,重点分析了中间支座负弯矩区钢筋、混凝土板、剪力键以及钢肋的受力特点。研究结果表明:负弯矩区混凝土板受拉开裂,板内分布钢筋主要承受拉力作用,且受力均匀;负弯矩区段的剪力键使混凝土板受到较大的冲切作用,且该范围随着负弯矩的降低而逐渐减弱,因此,在对结构负弯矩区进行设计、分析时应合理考虑混凝土板的有效宽度,并采取有效措施降低剪力键对混凝土板的冲切作用。     

上下翼缘同时受荷的HM，HW型钢梁整体稳定性分析

现行钢结构规范中没有给出HM,HW型钢梁在上翼缘承受均布荷载、下翼缘承受跨中集中荷载作用下整体稳定的计算方法.根据能量理论得到的结果,考虑屈曲前变形对弯扭屈曲影响,得出上述荷载作用下双轴对称HM,HW型钢梁的临界承载能力计算公式,总结了荷载比例系数对临界弯矩的影响规律.采用有限元方法对该理论公式进行验证,在荷载比例小于3时,有限元解与理论解相差基本在5%以内.提出了这类荷载作用下钢梁的等效临界弯矩系数的计算公式.该公式最大误差不超过8%,平均误差在3%左右.     

考虑表面效应的纳米矩形薄板挠度解析解

将表面弹性理论引入到纳米薄板承受外载荷的变形分析之中,根据薄板的小变形理论建立考虑表面效应的纳米薄板弹性微分方程.采用级数展开法,求出承受均布载荷的四边简支板、两对边承受正对称分布弯矩的四边简支板和两对边承受反对称分布弯矩的四边简支板的挠度解析解.     

三跨刚架弯矩分配传递无限次的闭合解

多高层建筑框架在竖向荷载作用下的内力,在近似分析时,通常采用分层法,按无侧移刚架用弯矩分配法求解。该文对分层后的单跨、双跨与三跨刚架用弯矩分配法对结点的不平衡力矩进行无数次分配传递,求得无数次分配弯矩和传递弯矩之和,得闭合解。     

平顶山建设路立交桥力学性能分析

根据刚性索自锚式悬索桥的结构特点,对刚性索自锚式悬索桥力学性能计算的有限元法建模进行探讨,运用有限元程序Midas/civil,建立了平顶山市建设路立交桥——刚性索自锚式悬索桥的空间有限元计算模型,对该桥进行受力分析和变形计算。计算结果表明：桥梁的受力与变形基本关于跨中对称;恒载作用下桥梁以竖向变形为主;主梁全截面处于受压状态,在桥塔附近主梁出现负弯矩,在吊杆位置处弯矩出现尖点,剪力发生突变;主缆与吊杆全部受拉,拉力较为均匀,内力最大值均发生在桥塔边跨侧;各构件受力均在规范规定范围内且有较大安全储备;主缆与吊杆增加的外包结构使其承受拉力外还能够承担部分弯矩,从受力上表现出刚性的特点。     

超高墩对山区三塔斜拉桥力学响应的影响

多塔斜拉桥是跨越宽阔水面和山谷的一种可行方案。然而,山区多塔斜拉桥的超高桥墩会改变全桥结构的整体刚度,使其力学响应有别于普通的多塔斜拉桥。为研究超高墩对三塔斜拉桥力学行为的影响程度,以某在建的超高墩三塔斜拉桥为例,首先确立了力学响应指标和计算方法,然后分析了桥墩高度、桥墩高差、主梁刚度和主塔刚度对塔顶位移、墩底弯矩、跨中挠度等结构响应的影响规律。结果表明:当桥墩高度增加时,车道荷载和温度荷载所引起的墩底附加弯矩会随之减小,而塔顶的纵向位移和主梁的跨中挠度随之增大;桥墩高差对桥墩的内力影响很大,高差较大时,矮墩会承受更多的弯矩;提高主塔刚度能够更有效的控制结构位移。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-