现场总线在大型粮库熏蒸过程中应用

通过对储粮熏蒸过程特点及影响磷化氢熏蒸浓度对熏蒸杀虫的因素的分析,提出了基于现场总线技术的多仓磷化氢(PH3)浓度在线检测方案,阐述了系统的组成及软硬件设计实现方法。实际表明,该系统能有效地解决储粮熏蒸过程害虫抗性问题及常规熏蒸方法处理无效问题。     

磷化氢熏蒸储粮害虫应注意的几个问题

本文主要介绍了磷化氢在熏蒸储粮害虫过程中应注意的几个问题,通过分析磷化氢熏蒸中的影响因素,合理确定施药方法、施药剂量和密闭时间,达到提高磷化氢熏蒸效果的目的。     

高大平房仓空调控温储藏技术实践

针对黑龙江地区夏季高温季节,玉米表层粮温上升较快,易引起粮食局部发热,品质劣变的问题,对该库高大平房仓进行门窗密闭隔热处理,通过在仓房粮堆上部采取空调制冷的方式控制仓内温度的上升,减缓上层粮温上升速度,以达到绿色储粮、低温储粮、安全过夏的目的。     

基于分解的深度学习模型在粮堆温度预测中的应用

在粮食储存过程中,存储温度过高或过低都会造成粮食的损失,准确检测粮堆温度对粮食有效存储至关重要.提出了一种基于分解和深度学习方法的SSA-BiGRU-MLP组合模型来预测粮堆中层温度.首先针对粮堆的外温、外湿、仓温、仓湿和中层温度等多因素变量,使用奇异谱分析（SSA）方法对粮堆的中层温度进行分解,得到本征模态函数（IMF）;然后运用多层感知机（MLP）优化的双向门控循环神经网络（BiGRU）对粮堆温度进行预测.实验结果表明：所提出的SSA-BiGRU-MLP模型与SSA-BiLSTM-MLP,SSA-LSTM-MLP,SSA-GRU-MLP相比,不论是在绝对平均误差、均方误差,还是均方根误差上所提出的SSA-BiGRU-MLP方法都优于其它组合模型,具有更好的预测精度.     

上引流态化气力输送仓泵发料过程的数值模拟

选用1∶1上引式流态化发送仓泵为研究对象,建立仓泵的几何物理模型。在基于计算流体力学(ComputationalFluid Dynamics,CFD)软件Fluent 6.3平台上对仓泵内的发送过程进行数值模拟。模拟过程中,选用欧拉—欧拉双流体、标准k-ε、气固间双向耦合模型。模拟结果显示,对于上引式流态化仓泵,随着物料的不断输送,发送过程为非稳态,湍流现象强烈。两相速度矢量方向相似,都易在泵内形成多处漩涡,出料管内矢量方向平直;同时发现,仓泵内部结构对两相流动特性作用明显,出料口附近及流化板两侧,由于两相流动不均匀及两相与内壁之间的相互作用会产生大量漩涡。     

动物实验室通风熏蒸过程的模拟研究

动物实验室在启用前需要进行熏蒸彻底灭菌消毒以保证室内洁净. 通风系统熏蒸是在送风管与排风管之间加入熏蒸气体发生设备,通过室内空气循环来促进熏蒸气体扩散. 为了研究通风系统熏蒸过程气体浓度分布的影响因素,用icem建模以及fluent软件对该过程的不同的时间、换气次数、送风形式及温度分布状态下多工况的气流组织进行瞬态模拟,预测并分析熏蒸气体浓度和湿度的分布规律. 得出使熏蒸气体快速达到灭菌程度的最小换气次数随时间延长而减小,改变送风形式可以减少实验台附近的涡流,室内温度随高度降低有利于熏蒸气体快速扩散的结论,以便对熏蒸灭菌进行更有效的控制,对于指导动物实验的安全进行有重要意义.     

浅谈Φ22m圆筒仓锥壳施工的安全性

Φ22m圆筒仓主体结构基本上均为仓外筒壁,仓内漏斗,仓顶锥壳及上部框架结构,在筒仓施工过程中,锥壳施工是整个筒仓施工的关键,笔者通过一些施工案例,对Φ22m圆筒仓锥壳施工的安全性作了详细分析,以方案设计为主导,论述如何确保锥壳施工安全,为以后的22m圆筒仓锥壳施工提供参考。     

炮掘巷道内CO浓度超限原因及分布规律研究

在井巷的掘进与开挖过程中,小孔径钻眼爆破方法作为一种经济高效的施工手段,已经得到了非常广泛的应用。但是在井巷掘进爆破时,炸药爆炸生成的气体含有大量的有毒有害成份。由于井巷作业空间相对狭小,通风条件较差,容易造成有毒有害气体浓度超标,对施工人员的身体健康和安全生产构成严重威胁。本文选取真实炮掘巷道为研究对象,采用试验的研究方法对自然通风情况下,巷道内CO的浓度变化规律进行分析,研究结果定量的给出了巷道内不同位置处CO达到标准浓度的时间,为施工人员再次进入到工作面作业提供可靠的时间依据。     

矿井密闭巷道内瓦斯排放的数学模型

 矿井密闭巷道的瓦斯排放属于矿井通风管理中重要的非正常作业,应对瓦斯排放的过程进行详细的设计以保证排放过程的安全。在瓦斯排放速度不变的条件下,假设巷道内瓦斯与新鲜风流瞬间充分混合,则巷道瓦斯浓度在排放过程中均匀变化。在与传统瓦斯排放方法比较的基础上,建立一种新的瓦斯排放数学模型。该模型推导了巷道内瓦斯浓度与排放速度、排放时间和全负压通风量等参、变量之间的依赖关系。通过计算在排放过程中的危险时间长度及排放风险,得出危险排放时间与初始浓度无关、排放风险与排放率无关的重要结论。最后通过一个瓦斯排放算例,证明了该数学模型的优越性。     

基于EDEM的粮食立筒仓卸料动态侧压力研究

立筒仓卸料过程中,贮料流态不断变化,仓壁压力随之表现出不同变化规律。为研究卸料过程中贮料在粮食立筒仓中的流动状态和速度分布、贮料对仓壁产生的动态侧压力以及相应超压系数,采用离散元仿真软件EDEM对粮食立筒仓卸料过程进行模拟,分别选定两种不同卸料速度工况,并结合试验结果对比分析动态侧压力。结果表明：通过直接观察和整体流量指数分析筒仓内贮料流动状态,贮料流态与其所处的筒仓位置有关,发展进程为整体流动—管状流动—漏斗型流动;EDEM仿真模拟与试验结果的静态侧压力值接近、动态侧压力分布规律一致,且超压系数误差在合理范围内;卸料整体过程中,流速快工况的超压系数均大于流速慢工况;筒仓仓壁下部1/3hn范围内的动态侧压力突增最为明显,贮料内部不断重复动态拱过程致使仓壁卸料压力呈现不同震荡分布,且该位置的超压系数高于现行规范的水平侧压力修正系数Ch。EDEM离散元卸料仿真进行动态侧压力研究具有可行性,研究成果可为筒仓结构安全设计提供参考。     

Biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in soil extracts and leachates from a temperate forest stand and its relationship to ultraviolet absorbance

The amount and biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest floors can contribute to carbon sequestration in soils and the release of CO 2-C from soil to the atmosphere.There is only limited knowledge about the biodegradation of DOC in soil extracts and leachates due to the limitations inherent in degradation experiments.Differences in the biodegradation of DOC were studied in forest soil extracts using cold and hot water and 4 mmol/L CaCl 2 solution and in soil leachates sampled under different conditions over a wide range of DOC concentrations.From these results,we developed a simple and rapid method for determining the biodegradable organic C in forest floors.The hot water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts after CH 3 Cl fumigation contained higher concentrations of biodegradable organic C than the cold water extracts and CaCl 2 extracts before fumigation,with rapid DOC degradation occurring 24-48 h after incubation with an inoculum,followed by slow DOC degradation till 120-168 h into the incubation.During a 7-d incubation with an inoculum,the variation in DOC degradation in the different soil extracts was consistent with the change in special UV absorbance at 254 nm.Relatively higher levels of biodegradable organic C were detected in soil leachates from the forest canopy than in forest gaps between April and October 2008 (P <0.05).Relatively lower concentrations of DOC and biodegradable organic C were observed in soil leachates from N-fertilized plots during the growing season compared with the control,with the exception of the plot treated with KNO 3 at a rate of 45 kg N ha 1 a 1.Around 77.4% to 96.3% of the variability in the biodegradable organic C concentrations in the forest floors could be accounted for by the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm.Compared with the conventional inoculum incubation method,the method of analyzing UV absorbance at 254 nm is less time consuming and requires a much smaller sample volume.The results suggest that the regression models obtained using the initial DOC concentration and UV absorbance can provide a rapid,simple and reliable method for determining the biodegradable organic C content,especially in field studies involving relatively large numbers of samples.     

氟化氢熏气对植物的伤害研究

以小麦,玉米和蚕豆为实验材料,采用开项林熏气装置,研究了不同浓度氟化氢熏气对三种植物叶片的质膜透性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响,讨论了氟化氢熏气以植物膜系统的伤害,实验结果表明,不同浓度的氟化氢熏气后膜脂过氧化作用加剧,质膜透性升高,研究发现三种植物对氟化氢的敏感性不同,蚕豆〉春小麦〉玉米。     

The first determination of atmospheric phosphine in Antarctica

It is generally thought that phosphine (PH3) concentrations exist at the low ng/m3 level during the night and at the pg/m3 level during daylight in the remote atmosphere of the lower troposphere. The first de- termination of gaseous PH3 on the Antarctic Millor Peninsula is reported in this paper. No PH3 was de- tected in the air samples around 10:00 when it was sunny. However, PH3 was found in all the 10:00 air samples when it was cloudy or light snow with the average of 75.3±28.8 ng/m3 (n=5). It was also found in nearly all the samples around 22:00 with the average of 87.2±70.9 ng/m3 (n=11). Atmospheric PH3 concentrations around 22:00 were generally higher than those around 10:00 in January and they were almost the same in February. In addition, PH3 concentrations around 22:00 showed a downtrend with the decreasing air temperature, suggesting that light intensity and air temperature had an important effect on atmospheric PH3 concentration. It is very surprising to have found that high concentrations of PH3 exist in the Antarctic atmosphere under the influence of strong UV-radiation and light intensity. The tentative analyses show that dry, cold and very clean atmosphere may be very suitable for the PH3 sur- vival and cause the concentration to increase and accumulate in the local atmosphere. New ap- proaches for the PH3 formation and the process of atmospheric chemistry may exist under such an extreme environment. Atmospheric PH3 may also be from the emissions of local sources.     

Pilot Study of Phosphine RECIRCULATION FUMIGATION OF PHOSPHINE in Squat Silos

Taking into account the squat silos with high grain line and large-volume storage characteristics, to ensure that the stored grain secu rity, we compared phosphine RECIRCULATION FUMIGATION OF PHOSPHINE with the conventional circulation fumigation method and compared with test data which measured by the analysis and research. Squat Silos taken positions on the circulation phosphine fumigation insecticidal methods, not only to achieve the purpose of the pesticide control, and effectively reduce the cost of fumigation, a decrease of gas in the fight against the occu pational hazards, and have achieved good results.     

Response of leaf dark respiration of winter wheat to changes in CO2 concentration and temperature

Accurate evaluation of dark respiration of plants is important for estimation of the plant carbon budget.The response of leaf dark respiration of winter wheat to changes in CO 2 concentration and temperature was studied,using an open top chamber during 2011-2012,to understand how leaf dark respiration of winter wheat will respond to climate change.The results indicated that leaf dark respiration decreased linearly with increased CO2 concentration.Dark respiration decreased by about 11% under 560 μmol mol-1 CO2 compared with that under 390 μmol mol-1 CO2.Leaf dark respiration showed an exponential relationship with temperature,and the temperature constant(Q10) was close to 2.Moreover,the responses of leaf dark respiration to CO concentration and temperature were independent.A leaf dark respiration model based on CO2 concentration and temperature responses was developed.This model provides a method for estimation of the leaf dark respiration rate of winter wheat under future climate change and guidance for establishment of crop carbon countermeasures.     

PH3 monitoring in Arctic and Dalian bay areas

<正> In this paper,we use pre-column 2 times low-temperature cryo-trap enrichment—gas chromatography(GC) /nitrogen and phosphoms detector(NPD)to detect and analyze phosphine in Arctic pole area forthe first time.The results show phosphine exists in all of the samples in Arctic pole biosphere and phosphineconcentration in Arctic atmosphere is between 18.54～132.18 ng/m~3,almost the same as that inAntarctic atmosphere;phosphine concentration in Dalian bay sea surface sediments is between 116.8～554.3 ng/kg,almost the same as that reported in Jiao-zhou bay.Our research of phosphine will shednew light on the mechanisms showing how the phosphorus supplement influences the biogeochemical cycleand global warming.     

The determination of atmospheric phosphine in Ny-Ålesund

Phoshpine (PH3), a volatile and toxic gas, has been proved to commonly exist in the environment. The determination of gaseous phosphine and its emission fluxes in Ny-Ålesund is reported in this paper. Results showed that gaseous phosphine exist in Arctic atmosphere commonly and the concentration of phosphine ranged from 16.3–600.2 ng/m³, with the maximum concentration of phosphine in tundra areas and the minimum in surface air of ocean. The concentration of phosphine ranged from 65.79–1259 ng/m³ in colliery atmosphere at different altitudes and the maximum was found in the center of colliery. Emission fluxes of phosphine were different in various Arctic areas. Emission fluxes of phosphine from protected areas, with average concentration of 32.13±5.353 ng m^–2 h^–1, were higher than from other areas. And the flux of phosphine from ocean was lower.     

Optimization of TRPO Process Parameters for Americium Extraction from High Level Waste

Introduction“Partitioning- transmutation”is a new strategy forthe treatment and disposal of high level waste(HLW) .The partitioning processes such as theDi MAEX process[1] ,the TRUEX process[2 ] ,theTRPO process[3] ,the CTH process[4 ] and theDi DPA process[5] have been proven to bepromising. The hot test indicates that trialkylphosphine oxide(TRPO) can remove>99.9% U,Pu,Am,and Np from HLW[6,7] . However,in thehot test,theα- nuclides decontamination can notyet meet the non-α …     

Matrix-bound phosphine: A new form of phosphorus found in sediment of Jiaozhou Bay

Matrix-bound phosphine (PH3),a new form of phosphorus,was found in sediment of Jiaozhou Bay in December 2001,Concentration and distribution of PH3 in different layers of sediment with different stations were analyzed.The results show that PH3 concentrations are various with different layers and different stations.PH3 concentrations in the bottom layer of sediment (20-30 cm) are usually higher than those in the surface layer (0-4cm) ,The highest PH3 concentration in our investigation reaches 685 ng/kg (dry),which is much higher than those in terrestrial paddy soil ,marsh and landfill that have been reported up to now,The correlation analysis indicates that there is no apparent correlation between the concentrations of PH3 and inorganic phosphorus in sediment.However,the correlation between the concentrations of phosphine and organic phosphorus in the bottom layer of sediment is remarkable (R^2=0.83).It is considered that PH3 in sediment of Jiaozhou Bay is mainly produced from the decomposition of organic phosphorus in the anaerobic condition,and so PH3 concentrations are related to organic phosphorus concentration and anaerobic environment in sediment,The discovery of PH3 in sediment will give people some new ideas on the mechanisms of phosphorus supplement and biogeochemical cycle in Jiaozhou Bay.     

Performance evaluation for selectivity of the flocculant on hematite in selective flocculation

Increased demand for iron ore necessitates the utilization of low-grade iron ore fines, slimes, and existing tailings. Selective flocculation can be an alternative physico-chemical process for utilizing these low-grade fines, slimes, and tailings. In selective flocculation, the most critical objective is the selection of proper reagents that will make floc of desired minerals. In present study, selective flocculation was applied to ultra-fine synthetic mixtures of hematite and kaolinite, and the Fe value was upgraded up to 65.78% with the reduction of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ values to 2.65% and 3.66%, respectively. Here, degraded wheat starch was used as a flocculant.In this process, separation occurs on the basis of the selectivity of the flocculant. The selectivity of the flocculant can be quantified in terms of separation efficiency. Here, an attempt was also made to develop a correlation between separation efficiency and major operating parameters such as flocculent dose, pH value, and solid concentration to predict the separation performance.