城市防灾公园规划问题

通过对日本震害后城市公园发挥了强大避震疏散作用,总结出在城市有必要规划建设避震疏散功能完善的城市公园--防灾公园.根据我国城市实际状况,对城市防灾公园规划进行了研究,给出了防灾公园实现功能所需要满足条件及其依据,具体包括:防灾公园规划的原则、类型、基本条件、地理位置的选择、规模、服务半径、人均有效避难面积、避难安全有效面积等.     

城市防灾公园防灾功能规划

防灾公园是具有完善防灾功能的城市公园。平时供居民游憩、观赏、运动与健身。灾时启用防灾设施,产生完善的防灾功能,转换成防灾避难场所,为避难人员提供基本的生活条件与环境,确保生命安全。防灾公园作为城市的重要防灾避难场所,也应当坚持统筹规划原则,由城市的规划部门、园林管理部门、灾害管理部门等协商规划,提出规划建设方案。     

城市公园绿地灾时避难功能结构和空间布局转换的可行性分析

【目的】城市公园绿地作为城市绿地体系的重要组成部分,因其自身特点而成为城市防灾减灾体系中的核心要素。明确公园不同类型绿地在灾时可承担的避震减灾功能,分析城市公园绿地避震减灾的空间布局方法,以提高城市公园绿地的灾时避难有效性。【方法】以单个公园为研究对象,从绿地布局形式、公园内部功能分区、园路道路交通系统、园林景观要素等4个方面着手分析了公园绿地单体及各构成要素在灾时的功能特点,明确公园绿地在灾时可承担的避震减灾功能。【结果】城市公园绿地在设计和布局中,要依托城市绿地系统特点,基于城市公园绿地内部空间、设施等要素的平时特征,从体系层面的城市绿地系统规划布局模式入手,得出综合性公园、社区公园、带状公园、街旁绿地等几种类型公园绿地在灾害发生时的空间规模、功能特征及景观形态等方面的防灾可行性。【结论】分析并明确公园绿地在灾时可承担的避震减灾功能,可对城市公园绿地的避震减灾方法研究提供理论依据和实践支撑。     

城市防灾型公园规划设计研究

随着城市规模的不断扩大和人口的过度集中,健全城市防灾系统已成为一项不容忽视的艰巨任务.在城市各类防灾系统中,公园绿地是一种既能为城市居民提供自然游憩空间、改善城市生态环境,同时又能发挥避难疏散的重要作用场所.以唐山市凤凰山公园扩绿工程设计方案为例,说明公园在规划设计时,应把"防灾"理念加入到常规公园的设计中.其中重点研究防灾设施布置、道路规划、植物种类选择、边界处理等方面的内容,让公园在受灾时切实起到避难疏散的重要作用.研究结果为我国规划建设城市防灾型公园提供借鉴和参考.     

城市避震减灾绿地体系规划分析

城市绿地在地震灾难发生过程中以及对灾后重建、城市复兴有着重要的作用。基于城市绿地的避震减灾功能,分析了在城市总体发展规划的框架内,以城市抗震防灾等规划为指导,以城市绿地系统规划层次、布局结构为依托的城市避震减灾绿地体系。笔者认为,城市避震减灾绿地体系主要是城市防灾中避难疏散及短暂生活场所、进行紧急救援的场所和保障灾后重建和成复兴的据点,规划时应遵循城乡总体规划,与城市绿地系统规划空间层次相互衔接,逐级控制,并结合城市绿地的人口服务辐射能力,科学布局。     

城市绿地避震减灾适宜性研究

城市绿地有一定的避震减灾功能,但由于其内部及外部相关因素的影响和限制,并非所有城市绿地都能发挥该功能。因此,如何根据城市的自身条件、地震及其二次灾害的特点等,因地制宜地选择具有避震减灾功能的适宜绿地是城市避震减灾绿地体系规划的基础工作。笔者从城市绿地避震减灾的适宜性概念出发,基于城市绿地的整体布局形态、连通度、安全格局到个体绿地的安全性、可达性、避难设施完善度、有效避难面积等方面,对市域、规划区和建成区3个层次的城市绿地避震减灾适宜性进行分析,旨在为城市避震减灾绿地体系规划提供参考。     

避震疏散场所规划在实际中的应用

该文旨在通过对避震疏散场所的现状以及提供生活保障、医疗救治、人员疏散等作用的阐述,分析避震疏散场所在数量、分布、体系结构、设施配套和民众认知度等方面的问题,找出关于避难场所推广宣传、场所选址、规划建设、完备配套设施、建立管理体系一系列提升避震疏散场所的措施,为其在实际应用中有效保证民众的安全提供重要的依据。     

秦皇岛市应急避难疏散场所规划现状分析及建议

建设应急避难疏散场所是国际社会应对突发事件的一项灾民安置措施,同时也是现代化大城市用于民众躲避地震、洪水、火灾、爆炸等重大自然灾害和事故的安全避难场所。唐山大地震、汶川大地震和玉树地震等灾害的灾后避难行动表明,城市必须规划建设避难疏散场所。论文调查了秦皇岛市作为主要应急避难疏散场所的公园绿地的现状,分析了秦皇岛市在应急避难疏散场所规划过程中存在的问题。     

校园作为防灾避难场所的研究

校园作为防灾避难场所目前还未获得足够重视,对规划设置避灾场所的人均有效避难面积及设施配套研究更是少之又少。文章针对以上问题,提出了校园作为避难场所的意义,并结合人体特征,摸索理想状态下校园防灾避难时人均有效避难面积指标,望能为城市防灾避难场所规划选取及相应指标提供方法与思路。     

城镇防灾避难场所的管理要求

目前,我国很多城市已开始进行防灾避难场所的建设,但各类防灾避难场所的管理缺乏统一标准,使防灾避难场所的防灾减灾作用受到制约,也对灾后避难疏散造成了隐忧。通过分析避难行动与避难生活对管理保障措施的需求,提出防灾避难场所的组织管理、平时管理和灾时管理的标准。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-