电磁辐射下神经元放电模式及其环状耦合同步转迁

鉴于外部磁场会对神经元放电活动产生影响,本文讨论了具有磁场作用的四变量ML(Morris and Lecar)神经元模型,利用快慢动力学揭示了其簇放电类型及分岔过程,并分析了随磁通反馈系数变化时系统放电行为。同时以三个环状耦合神经元模型为例,通过定义同步判断标准——互相关系数和快慢变量的极大同步差,发现耦合神经元在磁场作用下,很小的耦合强度就可使系统从混沌状态转迁到周期放电模式并能诱导神经元完成从互不相关到簇放电同步再到峰放电同步的转迁。且在合适的双参数范围内,适当耦合强度下系统更容易实现同步,有助于理解在适当耦合连接方式下电磁辐射对神经网络集群放电活动的影响及其同步机理。     

电磁感应下胰腺β细胞的放电及同步分析

细胞内外离子的变化会影响细胞膜电位的变化,产生电磁场的分布.以胰腺β细胞神经元为基础,建立一个由忆阻器实现神经元的磁通量与膜电位之间耦合的四维神经元模型.分析了反馈增益k 1对胰腺β细胞放电模式的影响,得到了不同分岔行为及相应条件.对神经元添加相应外部电刺激Ie xt,考察了其对神经元放电模式的影响,选择合适的参数,进行数值模拟,结果表明系统存在加周期分岔,逆加周期分岔与倍周期分岔之间相互转换,呈现静息态-周期峰-混沌-周期簇放电模式的转迁.分析了磁通耦合胰腺β细胞的同步特性,利用同步差原理,推导出了系统达到同步状态的条件.同时对系统进行双参数分析,分析结果表明,当系统处于弱耦合强度时,随着耦合强度的增加,系统将逐渐达到同步状态,说明在弱耦合强度下增大耦合强度对系统的同步有促进作用.继续增加耦合强度达到一定范围反而不能促进系统达到同步,验证了耦合强度与系统达到同步的关系.     

胰腺β细胞的簇放电分析及其同步研究

簇放电是在胰岛分泌胰岛素时主要的放电模式.考虑具有代表性且较为简单的Sherman模型,对以下问题进行了研究:首先,应用快慢动力学分析研究了锥形和方波形簇放电模式的动力学性质;其次,利用常微分方程的定性与分岔理论的知识,探讨了与静息状态和放电状态相关的分岔点的性质,主要分析了平衡点的Hopf分岔;最后,研究了2个相互电耦合簇放电的胰腺β细胞之间的同步性转变.数值结果表明:改变耦合强度和慢时间常数都可以引起复杂的同步状态转迁变化.一个有趣的发现是,只要耦合强度适当,耦合β细胞总是可以达到完全同步状态.     

一类神经元模型的放电行为与同步研究

以磁通e-HR神经元模型为基础,基于理论分析与数值仿真相结合的方法,首先分析了磁通e-HR神经元模型的放电行为,发现该神经元模型存在隐藏的极限环吸引子.通过双参数分岔分析观察到,系统具有倍周期和无混沌伴随的加周期等典型的放电行为.设计了自适应同步控制器,研究了时滞对电突触耦合的磁通e-HR神经元模型达到同步的影响.当时滞和耦合强度取一定值时,给从系统施加非线性控制器,从系统在控制器作用下与主系统达到同步.     

基于场耦合的神经网络放电特性影响因素

神经网络放电特性是决定脑电位变化规律的重要因素.除化学突触作用,磁耦合对其他神经元放电特性的影响成为了近年的研究热点.然而,目前的研究只考虑放电神经元膜电流在空间产生的磁耦合,没有考虑其电学自突触电流产生的磁场作用.基于场耦合理论,充分考虑放电神经元的电学自突触电流对空间磁场的作用,根据神经元Hindmarsh-Rose(H-R)等效模型,构建仅含磁耦合作用的链式神经网络模型.通过模型研究刺激频率、距离权重、场耦合强度和电学自突触增益等因素变化对神经网络放电特性的影响规律.结果表明:①随着刺激频率从零开始增加,神经网络的放电状态呈现从"抑制"到"放电"再到"抑制"的"窗口"变化特性;②神经元网络的同步程度均随磁耦合强度和距离权重的增加而增强;③无论正、负反馈,放电神经元的电学自突触作用均能改变神经元网络的放电特性,其中正反馈的影响更显著;④电学自突触增益大于零时,同步程度随增益增大而提高.研究结果进一步表明磁耦合是实现神经元之间信号传递的一个重要方式,其中电学自突触电流的磁耦合作用不可忽视.说明神经突触的化学作用如果失效,由放电神经元膜电流和其电自学突触电流共同产生的磁场也可能引起其他神经元膜电位超过阈值而放电.     

Ghostburster模型鞍结分岔点附近放电模式的转迁控制

在不同的电流刺激下,ghostburster模型表现出周期放电、混沌簇放电、周期簇放电等多种放电模式.其中,周期放电和混沌簇放电之间的转迁是通过极限环的鞍结分岔实现的.应用washout滤波器实现了ghostburster模型鞍结分岔点周围放电模式的转迁;并通过快慢系统分解方法分析了放电模式转迁的内在机制.研究发现快子系统固定点的鞍结分岔和快子系统从周期一极限环转换到周期二极限环的临界点在树突产生不完全放电过程中起到关键作用.Washout滤波器的加入改变了树突膜电位极大值的分岔点的位置,从而改变了ghostburster模型的放电模式.     

小世界网络同步的非线性时滞反馈控制

大脑的病态同步放电活动会导致一些神经类疾病,如帕金森、癫痫等.采用Izhikevich神经元模型构建一个兴奋-抑制小世界网络,增加网络的耦合强度能够实现网络的同步簇放电.对网络施加非线性时滞反馈控制,网络的这种同步活动很快消失.仿真结果表明:微分形式的反馈控制去同步的同时,保持了单个神经元的固有放电特性,且这种反馈控制不具有侵害性.直接形式的反馈控制通过抑制神经元的放电活动来抑制网络的同步,这种形式的反馈控制对刺激参数的变化具有鲁棒性,更适用于实际的深度脑刺激术.     

混沌系统中的预测同步现象

运用数值模拟方法,研究了由两个完全相同的Hindmarsh-Rose神经元通过单向延迟反馈耦合连接组成系统的动力学行为.研究结果表明,当延迟时间和耦合强度在适当的范围内取值时,从动神经元发生放电活动时所产生的动作电位,能够预测主动神经元发生放电活动时所产生的动作电位,即出现了预测同步现象.     

磁通神经元模型的放电行为分析

神经系统由大量神经元组成,改进后的磁通神经元模型用来描述考虑电磁感应的神经元电活动的动力学行为.通过改变参数或选取适当的外加刺激电流以及电磁辐射下,检测到神经元电活动的多种放电模式.此外,对引入磁通量的神经元模型进行了动力学分析,如Hopf分岔分析;通过相图和分岔图讨论了神经元的放电行为.结果表明,该模型可呈现多种放电模式(静息态、尖锋放电、簇放电)以及不同模式之间的转换.     

e-HR神经元模型分岔分析与同步控制

以单个e-HR神经元模型为基础,研究该模型在双参数平面中的分岔特征,以及通过引入磁控忆阻器建立了磁通耦合e-HR神经元模型,并实现同步控制。基于数值模拟发现,e-HR神经元在双参数平面上存在倍周期、逆倍周期、伴有混沌加周期等分岔模式。通过运用自适应控制方法,对从系统施加控制项,使主从系统由混沌态同步到了簇放电态,从而为研究神经元放电模式的产生、迁移和转变提供了有益的探讨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with