产单宁酶真菌的筛选及产酶条件

从铁冬青等4种植物的新鲜茎、叶组织中分离得到52株真菌,经平板透明圈法初筛得到18株产单宁酶菌株。初筛所得菌株经液体发酵,显示1株木霉属真菌(Trichoderma viride)(No.MYP07)酶活力最高,达0.248 μmol/(min·mL)。采用单因素结合正交实验,得到菌株MYP07的最佳发酵条件为：单宁100 g/L,蔗糖10 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 3 g/L,装液量为30 mL(250 mL锥形瓶),起始pH为5.0,温度30 ℃,转速140 r/min。在此条件下,菌株MY-P-07发酵48 h酶活力达到0392 μmol/(min·mL)。     

产纤维素酶芽孢杆菌DS1309的分离鉴定及产酶条件研究

通过唯一碳源法从来源于长白山森林的土壤中筛选到多株具有纤维素降解活力的细菌,选取其中的1株芽孢杆菌DS1309进行了鉴定及发酵条件的初步优化,结果显示该菌株为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。发酵产酶的最适条件为培养温度30℃,培养基初始p H6.0,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适碳源为酵母粉。菌株在最适条件下培养48h达到产酶高峰,酶活力可达到1.82 IU/m L。     

纤维素降解菌的筛选与诱变育种

采用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)平板初筛和50℃培养,筛选到一株纤维素酶活力较高的耐高温霉菌MY菌株,其CMC培养基最适pH为6.0,培养温度为40℃,最佳产酶时间为5d.以MY菌株为出发菌株,分别采用紫外线和硫酸二乙酯诱变,以透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值(HC值)提高30%以上或菌落形态发生明显变异为筛选指标,共筛选到97株突变株;通过测定粗酶液CMC酶活力,从中筛选出29株CMC酶活力提高30%以上的菌株;结合突变菌株的传代稳定性实验,最后筛选得到1株性能优良的霉菌MY004突变株,其CMC酶活力比原始菌株MY提高了80.6%.     

木质纤维素高效降解菌株的筛选及其对小麦秸秆的强化降解

为有效加速废弃生物质的转化速度,以林下土壤为菌种来源进行木质纤维素高效降解菌株的筛选和鉴定,利用BBD(Box-Behnken-Design)二阶模型优化其对木质纤维素的降解条件,并探究预处理对细菌菌株降解小麦秸秆的影响.结果显示,初筛共计筛选出5株对木质纤维素具有降解能力的细菌菌株,经复筛后获得1株对木质纤维素具有较强降解能力的细菌菌株(RS22),经16S rRNA基因鉴定为Klebsiella oxytoca.RS22的滤纸酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和半纤维素酶活性分别为1.01、0.82和5.87 U·mL^-1,其对木质纤维素的最佳降解条件为pH:6.8、温度：30.9℃和转速56.8 r·min^-1.小麦秸秆降解实验表明,经化学预处理后的小麦秸秆木质纤维素总量降低最为明显,达到了54.30%,各处理中滤纸酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和半纤维素酶活性均呈现随时间缓慢增加的趋势,而对照组中各种酶活性变化呈“M”型.结晶度分析显示,除粉碎预处理外,其他处理组的小麦秸秆生物降解后木质纤维素的结晶度均有一定的提高,说明RS22可以有效加速非晶态木质纤维素的降解...     

小熊猫粪便中纤维素降解菌株的筛选、基因改造及生物合成聚羟基丁酸酯条件的优化

为了发掘能够利用纤维素生产聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的菌种并获得最佳的发酵条件,用刚果红染色法从小熊猫粪便中筛选出具有纤维素降解能力的菌株,利用基因工程技术,将其改造为PHB生产菌株,利用响应面法,确定菌株发酵合成PHB的最优条件.经过透明圈检测和纤维素酶活力测定,分离获得1株可高效降解纤维素的细菌,结合形态学观察、生理生...     

一株降解纤维素细菌的分离、鉴定及酶学性质分析

为了得到能高效降解纤维素的细菌,以纤维素粉为唯一碳源,从土壤中分离出一株能降解纤维素的细菌,通过分子生物学研究,鉴定其为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.);并研究了温度和pH对其酶活的影响.结果表明,在pH 7.0、40℃时,其酶活最高,CMC酶活最高达31.36 U/m L,为进一步扩大纤维素降解菌种的筛选和应用范围奠定了基础.     

溴氰菊酯降解菌Pseudomonas sp.P1-1-B3产酶条件的优化

农药降解酶对去除农药残留污染具有良好的应用前景.从海洋沉积物中筛选到一株高产溴氰菊酯降解酶的菌株Pseudomonas sp.P1-1-B3,研究了碳源、氮源、pH值、培养温度、培养时间、接种量及溴氰菊酯对菌株产酶的影响.结果表明,降解菌产酶的最适条件为:以可溶性淀粉作为碳源,m(蛋白胨):m(酵母浸膏)=2:1为氮源,pH 7.5,温度30℃,培养时间2 d,接种量3%,溴氰菊酯含量15μmol/L.在此条件下,菌株产酶的比活力最大为113.3 U/mg.该降解酶对溴氰菊酯的降解,在12 h内降解率达54.6%.     

降解纤维素的真菌分离、筛选及其酶活测定

在自然界环境和活性污泥中筛选出4种分解纤维素能力较强的真菌,并将这4种菌株单独或以不同的组合形式在羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为惟一碳源的产酶培养基中进行产酶特性的研究.混合菌种在发酵培养基中培养144h后达到产酶高峰,酶活力最高可达到33μmol/mL,超过菌种的单独培养.这4种菌均对李坑污水有一定的降解能力,若能继续进行研究,对实际应用有一定前景.     

一株腈水合酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及培养条件研究

以葡萄糖为碳源,逐步增大培养基中丙烯腈浓度进行重复续代培养,从土样中筛选到一株腈水合酶活力较高的菌株.经形态观察和16S rDNA序列分析,该菌株鉴定为红球菌属(Rhodococcus)菌株,命名为Rhodococcus sp.TCCC 28001.对菌株TCCC 28001培养条件进行了初步研究,确定培养基为葡萄糖15 g/L,酵母粉5 g/L,尿素7g/L,Coz+10x10-5mol/L.28℃,180r/min培养72 h,腈水合酶活力达892 U/mL.     

纤维素降解菌的筛选与诱变育种

采用羧甲基纤维素（CMC）平板初筛和50℃培养, 筛选到一株纤维素酶活力较高的耐高温霉菌MY菌株, 其CMC培养基最适pH为6.0, 培养温度为40℃, 最佳产酶时间为5d. 以MY菌株为出发菌株, 分别采用紫外线和硫酸二乙酯诱变, 以透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值（HC值）提高30%以上或菌落形态发生明显变异为筛选指标, 共筛选到97株突变株; 通过测定粗酶液CMC酶活力, 从中筛选出29株CMC酶活力提高30%以上的菌株; 结合突变菌株的传代稳定性实验, 最后筛选得到1株性能优良的霉菌MY004突变株, 其CMC酶活力比原始菌株MY提高了80.6%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.