神经网络矢量量化的设计与实现

设计了一种混合神经网络矢量量化编码方法。利用Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ网络的自组织聚类功能设计矢量量化器码书，实现矢量量化，用３层ＢＰ网络完成码字的信道符号编码。该神经网络矢量量化编码器能够并行处理输入矢量，速度快，效率高，适用于语音和图像数据压缩     

SOFM和HMM在矢量量化码本优化中的应用

在语音压缩编码中，矢量量化占有很大比重和计算量。码本的好坏与方法的选择有很大关系。将基于神经网络的ＳＯＦＭ（自组织特征映射算法）和ＨＭＭ（隐含马尔可夫过程）应用于矢量量化，从而产生更为优良的码本。     

语音模糊特征提取及码本训练算法

为克服低速率声码器因清浊音硬判决、粗判决而导致解码语音有帧过渡等不自然感的缺陷,在分析比较目前主流声码器编码算法中激励参数提取和量化算法的基础上,将模
糊数学中的隶属度概念引入语音子带清浊音描述。提出了五维的浊音隶属度矢量概念,用于精细描述语音丰富的激励信息;阐述了浊音隶属度矢量的提取算法;提出了矢量量化码本的模糊聚类与LBG级联训练算法（F-LBG：Fuzzy-LBG）;采用提取算法提取、建立了浊音隶属度码本的训练样本集,采用F-LBG训练了浊音隶属度码本;将提取算法和F-LBG法训练得到的浊音隶属度码本分别应用于正弦激励声码器、混合激励声码器和同态声码器的语音编、解码仿真。结果表明,用浊音隶属度矢量描述合成语音激励信号的算法,具有较高的准确性和较强的噪声鲁棒性。     

基于二级矢量量化的LPC声码器算法

为了有效地减少语音编码的比特数、降低量化误差以及提高解码语音质量,提出了一种二级矢量量化的LPC声码器算法.该算法在模糊聚类与LBG级联的VQ算法的基础上,进一步采用二级矢量量化算法对特征参数矢量进行量化.特征参数为语音的两个特征值:基音周期与增益.第一级码本为矢量码本;第二级码本为误差码本.将该算法应用于LPC声码器中进行仿真实验,结果表明:该算法能有效地降低量化比特数并且减少了量化误差,从而使解码语音质量得到改善.     

一种新的自组织神经网络算法

为有效提高矢量量化码书的性能和学习效率,需进一步改进自组织神经网络的学习算法.在分析Kohonen自组织特征映射算法(SOM)的基础上,提出了一种基于频率敏感的自组织特征映射算法(FSOM),并应用到图像矢量量化中,实验表明,FSOM算法具有聚类特性好和训练速度快等优点,是一种有效的码书设计算法.     

四足步行机器人动步态特征辨识算法

针对四足机器人行走动步态的研究，提出了一种基于神经网络中Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ自组织映射的聚类算法。该算法依据其特征对步态数据进行聚类，并利用求重心的方法，获取特征模型，大大简化了调试工作。     

基于改进SOFM的矢量量化图像压缩

在介绍矢量量化和自组织特征映射神经网络的基础上,针对基于自组织特征映射神经网络的矢量量化算法,在初始码书生成、获胜神经元搜索策略以及调整获胜码字及其拓扑领域权值等方面进行改进.实验结果表明改进算法具有合理性和有效性.     

神经网络-空间方向小波四叉树压缩编码

将空间方向小波四叉树编码与自组织特征映射神经网络相结合，提出了一种新的多尺度系数矢量量化压缩策略。首先通过小波分解得到三个方向的高频多尺度系数矢量，分别利用自组织特征映射神经网络对三个方向的多尺度系数矢量进行加权矢量量化压缩编码。仿真实验结果表明本文提出的算法是合理可行的。     

多级矢量量化中的码本共享

为了解决语音参数编码算法中多级矢量量化中码本尺寸过大,存储量过大,导致搜索复杂度大的问题,提出了多级矢量量化中的码本共享的迭代算法。该算法基于多级矢量量化中各级待量化码矢之间的相似性,采用模拟退火算法,通过迭代得出共享变换系数。在1.2 kb/s的正弦激励线性预测声码器中,采用该算法对线谱对参数进行多级矢量量化。测试结果表明:在共享级别选择恰当时,可降低存储量20%,同时重建语音谱失真损失约为0.02 dB,可见该算法可以有效降低码本容量,同时对语音质量影响极小。     

用于语音识别中的SOFM矢量量化方法

该文讨论了神经网络语音识别系统中的ＫｏｈｏｎｅｎＳＯＦＭ神经网络的矢量量化（ＶＱ）的原理与过程,着重解决了其在实际应用时的若干问题,包括网络大小,学习步幅函数以及矢量量化过程中的公平竞争学习的控制函数的选定。过讨论了基于听觉模型的声学特性的提取与处理,这与ＶＱ性能息息相关。系统应用的实验表明,该神经网络在语音识别系统中具有良好性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.