Comparative investigation of three types of ethanol sensor based on NiO-SnO2 composite nanofibers

NiO-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized via electrospinning techniques and characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Three types of sensor were applied to investigate the sensing properties of these nanofibers.Sensors A were fabricated by mixing the nanofibers with deionized water,and then grinding and coating them on ceramic tubes to form indirect heated gas sensors.Microsensors B(with an area of 600 μm×200 μm) were formed by spinning nanofibers on Si substrates with Pt signal electrodes and Pt heaters.Sensors C were fabricated by spinning nanofibers on plane ceramic substrates(with a large area of 13.4 mm×7 mm) with Ag-Pd signal electrodes only.The operating temperatures of sensors A and B were controlled by adjusting heater currents,and the operating temperatures of sensors C were controlled by adjusting an external temperature control device.Experimental results show that sensors C possess the highest sensing properties,such as high response values(about 42 to 100 μL/L ethanol),quick response/recovery speeds(the response and recovery times were 4 and 7 s,respectively),and excellent consistencies.These phenomena were explained by the retained fiber morphology and suitable sensor area.The presented results can provide some useful information for the design and optimization of one-dimensional nanomaterial-based gas sensors.     

基于静电纺丝法制备Cd掺杂的In2O3纳米纤维及对甲醛的气敏特性研究

本文采用了静电纺丝方法制备了Cd掺杂的In2O3复合纳米纤维,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对纳米纤维材料进行了相关表征.研究了纯In2O3和另外两种不同Cd掺杂的In2O3纳米纤维材料制作的三种气敏元件对室内甲醛气体的气敏特性.结果表明在以摩尔比为1∶1复合时,用静电纺丝方法分别制备出In2O3和CdO纳米纤维后再按1∶1掺杂制作的气敏元件工作温度较低为280℃,在10 ppm时其响应可达13,响应/恢复时间为34 s/35 s;并且具有良好的选择性.     

Improved and excellent CO sensing properties of Cu-doped TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanofibers

Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers with an average diameter of about 80 nm are synthesized through an electrospinning method. Both anatase and rutile crystallographic structures are found in the fibers based on XRD results. Compared with pure TiO2 nanofibers, the Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers exhibit improved CO sensing properties at 300°C. The sensitivity of Cu-doped TiO2 nanofibers is up to 3 when the sensor is exposed to 5 ppm CO, and the response and recovery times are about 4 and 8 s, respectively. Good selectivity i...     

Improved ethanol, acetone and H2 sensing performances of micro-sensors based on loose ZnO nanofibers

Both one-dimensional nanostructures and porous nanostructures are benefit to the sensing enhancement of semiconducting functional materials.The present paper shows an effective route to combining the advantages of these two nanostructures for a novel type of ZnO nanomaterials.Basically,a pore-forming material is employed in an electrospinning method,and the products are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The obtained materials are loose ZnO nanofibers,which own both porous and one-dimensional nanostructures.Micro-sensors are fabricated by sputtering and etching techniques,and the as-prepared nanofibers are used as the functional materials in them.The sensors show improved sensing properties both in sensitivity and response-speeds.The sensitivity is enhanced from 4 to 8 and the response time is shortened from 14 to 10 s when the sensors are exposed to 100 μL/L ethanol at 260℃.Similar results are also observed in acetone and H2 sensing tests.These enhancements are based on the one-dimensional and porous nanostructures of the nanofibers.     

Micro-structure sensors based on ZnO microcrystals with contact-controlled ethanol sensing

ZnO microcrystals are synthesized through a facile solution method and characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. The ethanol sensing properties of these microcrystals are investigated by spin-coating them on a silicon substrate with Pt electrodes to fabricate a micro-structure sensor. The sensitivity is up to 8 when the sensor is exposed to 50 ppm ethanol, and the response time and recovery time are 10 s and 20 s, respectively. A contact-controlled model is established to explain the sensing properties of the microcrystals, which provides another approach to realize high-performance gas sensors.     

rGO/Ce掺杂SnO_2复合纳米纤维的制备及H_2S气敏性能研究

采用静电纺丝法制备还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/SnO_2复合纳米纤维,研究了Ce掺杂及掺杂量对rGO/SnO_2纳米纤维的微结构与气敏性能的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM,带SAED)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对复合纳米纤维的结构与形貌进行表征.结果表明:不同含量Ce掺杂对复合纳米纤维的晶体结构和形貌均无明显影响.气敏测试结果表明:不同的Ce掺杂量均能改善rGO/SnO_2纳米纤维对H_2S的灵敏度,在Ce掺杂摩尔分数为3%时复合材料对H_2S具有最佳的气敏性能,在75℃时5μL/L H_2S气体的灵敏度高达300,同时选择性和响应恢复性能也均有显著提高.     

基于COOH/SBA-15的谐振式氨气传感器气敏性能研究

针对化工生产过程中易出现的氨气泄露等问题,采用共聚法合成了羧基功能化介孔硅材料(COOH/SBA-15),并将其作为敏感材料设计了一种石英晶体微天平(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,QCM)式氨气传感器.利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、全自动比表面积和孔隙度分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对敏感材料的形貌和结构进行了表征,并系统地研究了基于COOH/SBA-15的QCM传感器的气敏性能.测试结果表明该传感器对氨气(NH3)的检测限可达到10-6(体积分数),所合成的COOH/SBA-15-2样品对体积分数为20×10-6的NH3响应恢复时间分别为5s和7s.同时,该传感器对NH3具有较高的化学选择性和稳定性,具有较高的实用价值.     

电纺CoFe2O4纳米纤维及其磁性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶过程和静电纺丝技术,以三氯化铁(FeCl3·6H2O)、醋酸钴(Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为前驱物,制得PVA/FeCl3/Co(CH3COO)2复合纳米纤维.经高温煅烧,制备了CoFe2O4纳米纤维.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、差热-热重(TG-DTA)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段对样品进行了表征,并研究了其磁性质.结果表明:静电纺丝技术制备的CoFe2O4纳米纤维为规则的一维结构,直径分布均匀,具有良好的铁磁性.     

Bi_2O_3纳米纤维的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶过程和静电纺丝技术相结合的方法,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和硝酸铋为前驱物,制备了PAN/Bi(NO3)3复合纤维,该复合纤维经高温煅烧得到了Bi2O3纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱等测试技术对样品的结构与性能进行了表征.结果表明,Bi2O3纳米纤维为规则的一维结构,直径分布均匀,具有较强的紫外光吸收性能.以罗丹明B为模拟污染物,考察了Bi2O3纳米纤维的光催化性能.实验结果表明,煅烧温度为500℃时,光催化活性最佳,TOC去除率为48.7%.     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of double perovskite La<Subscript>2</Subscript>CoMnO<Subscript>6</Subscript> nanofibers

Through electrospinning, La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers were prepared from a polyvinylpyrrolidone/lanthanum nitrate–cobalt acetate–manganese acetate (PVP/LCM) precursor and were used as electrode materials. The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis. The results show that the prepared La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers are stable, one-dimensional structures formed from interconnected La₂CoMnO₆ nanoparticles with a diamond-like crystal structure. The specific surface area of the fibers is 79.407 m2·g-1. Electrochemical performance tests with a three-electrode system reveal the specific capacitance of the La₂CoMnO₆ nanofibers as 109.7 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1. After 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 1 A·g-1, the specific capacitance maintains 90.9% of its initial value, demonstrating a promising performance of the constraint capacitance and good cyclic stability.     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of carbon-coated LiFePO4 hollow nanofibers

Carbon-coated LiFePO4 hollow nanofibers as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries were obtained by coaxial electrospinning. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area analysis, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to investigate the crystalline structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the as-prepared hollow nanofibers. The results indicate that the carbon-coated LiFePO4 hollow nanofibers have good long-term cycling performance and good rate capability:at a current density of 0.2C (1.0C=170 mA·g?1) in the voltage range of 2.5–4.2 V, the cathode materials achieve an initial discharge specific capacity of 153.16 mAh·g?1 with a first charge–discharge coulombic efficiency of more than 97%, as well as a high capacity retention of 99%after 10 cycles;moreover, the materi-als can retain a specific capacity of 135.68 mAh·g?1, even at 2C.     

水凝胶体系中CuS纳米纤维的模板合成

以N-十二酰-L-丙氨酸在乙醇/水混合溶剂中形成的水凝胶为模板, 用两种方法在水凝胶体系中, 利用离子的原位自组装合成了CuS纳米纤维. 获得的样品用透射电镜、 红外光谱和X射线衍射进行了表征, 不同尺寸的CuS纳米纤维可以通过改变矿化条件获得.     

Structural characteristics,dispersion, and modification of fibrous brucite

Fibrous brucite has very unique structure and physical properties. Brucite fibers were exfoliated into single nanofibers by using dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) as a dispersant through mechanical agitation and ultrasonic dispersion; and then, the nanofibers were modified by stearic acid and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (γ-APS) compound modification agent. The nanofibers were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal gravimetric analysis. It is found that AOT has good effect on the dispersion. The single fiber has a consistent morphology, and fibrous brucite is dispersed and modified without destroying the crystal structure. Infrared and thermal analysis shows that the surface modification of fibrous brucite is achieved by forming chemical bonds between the coupling agent and magnesium hydroxide.     

不同过渡层和电场方向对碳纳米管或纤维生长的影响

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积系统沉积了碳纳米管或纤维，并用扫描电子显微镜研究了它们的生长和结构．为避免碳纳米管或纤维在生长过程中从衬底Si表面上脱落，先在Si表面上溅射沉积了金属过渡层Ti或Ta，然后再沉积催化剂NiFe．结果发现Ti和Ta过渡层对碳纳米管或纤维的结构有很大的影响．另外，还发现衬底Si放在支架的不同位置，碳纳米管或纤维的生长方向不同，这可能是由于辉光放电产生的非均匀电场所致．对不同过渡层和电场方向对碳纳米管或纤维生长的影响进行了分析和讨论．     

YF_3:Er~(3+)纳米纤维的制备与上转换发光性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP/[Y(NO3)3+Er(NO3)3]复合纳米纤维,经过氧化焙烧得到Y2O3:Er3+纳米纤维,再通过双坩埚氟化法制得YF3:Er3+纳米纤维。通过XRD、SEM、EDS和荧光光谱分析对样品的形貌和性质进行了表征。结果表明所制得YF3:Er3+纳米纤维是纯正交相,带有空间群Pnma。YF3:Er3+纳米纤维的直径大约为(89±11)nm且分布均匀。上转换发射光谱分析显示,在980nm激发下,YF3:Er3+纳米纤维在526、543和653nm处发射出强的绿光和弱的红光,它们分别归属于Er3+的2 H11/2→4I15/2、4S3/2→4I15/2和4F9/2→4Il5/2能级跃迁;在532nm可见光激发下,YF3:Er3+纳米纤维能够在1.52μm处产生近红外发射。随着Er3+浓度的增加,YF3:Er3+纳米纤维发光强度逐渐增大。由色坐标(CIE)图可知,YF3:Er3+纳米纤维所发射的颜色位于色坐标的绿光区。此外,还提出了YF3:Er3+纳米纤维可能的形成机理。     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of carbon-coated LiFePO4 hollow nanofibers

Carbon-coated LiFePO₄ hollow nanofibers as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries were obtained by coaxial electrospinning. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area analysis, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to investigate the crystalline structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the as-prepared hollow nanofibers. The results indicate that the carbon-coated LiFePO₄ hollow nanofibers have good long-term cycling performance and good rate capability: at a current density of 0.2C (1.0C = 170 mA·g-1) in the voltage range of 2.5–4.2 V, the cathode materials achieve an initial discharge specific capacity of 153.16 mAh·g-1 with a first charge–discharge coulombic efficiency of more than 97%, as well as a high capacity retention of 99% after 10 cycles; moreover, the materials can retain a specific capacity of 135.68 mAh·g-1, even at 2C.     

Fabrication of PEI-Liposome Loaded Fish Gelatin Nanofibers Mats by Green Electrospinning

Polyethyleneimine （PEI） and cationic liposomes were widely used for gent delivery and the combination of PEI and liposome was reported to result in a higher efficiency of cell transfection in vitro. In recent years, better transfection was observed for the drug-loaded iiposome fixed on the tissue engineering scaffolds via embedding, surface adsorption or covalent grafting thus protected and bound by the scaffolds. In the present study, a novel PEI-liposome loaded fish gdatin composite nanofiber was successfully fabricated by a green electrosplnning process. The existence of PEI- liposome in the composite nanofibers was determined by Fourier transform infrared （ FTIR ） spectra, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and confoeal laser scanning microscopy （CLSM）. As shown by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the dectrospun composite nanofibers with uniform diameter were smooth and round, and the morphology of the fish gelatin fibers did not change significantly after the incorporation of PEI-liposomes. The transfection results in vitro suggest PEI-liposome loaded fish gelatin material may have a promising application in non-viral gene delivery systems.     

静电纺丝聚丙烯腈纳米纤维工艺参数与纤维直径关系的研究

采用静电纺丝方法来纺制聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维毡研究了质量分数、电压、针孔孔径、纺丝液中LCl的含量、接受距离等参数对纤维直径及离散度的影响，采用扫描电镜来观察纤维的直径及其形态。采用正交试验设计法，发现纺丝液的质量分数与纺丝液中LiCl的含量是影响纤维直径最重要的参数。经过优化，纺制出最小直径为98nm的纳米纤维。     

光学透明、低热膨胀性的甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜

 通过化学预处理和机械处理的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维,再利用真空抽滤的方法制备出甲壳素纳米纤维膜,将所得的纳米纤维素浸渍到聚醚砜树脂中,制备了甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜。采用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）对机械处理的甲壳素纳米纤维的形态特征进行表征。采用紫外光分光光度计、热机械分析仪（TMA）分别对甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的透光性、热膨胀性做分析,用万能力学试验机测试甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合膜的拉伸性能。结果表明,机械处理后,甲壳素纤维达到纳米级别,随机械处理手段增加,甲壳素纳米纤维直径逐步变小。甲壳素纳米纤维/聚醚砜复合薄膜保持了较高的透光率,对比树脂材料,热稳定性和力学强度明显增强,是一种具有高透光性、低热膨胀性的复合膜,在光学基底材料、显示器等方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

电纺聚-L-乳酸/β-磷酸三钙复合物纳米纤维膜

利用静电纺丝法制备了生物可吸收聚-L-乳酸(PLLA)/β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合物纳米纤维膜.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等手段研究了复合物纳米纤维膜的结构和形态,详细探讨电纺工艺条件对制备PLLA/β-TCP复合物纳米纤维的形态影响.通过拉伸力学测试、噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)对复合物纳米纤维膜的力学性能和体外细胞相容性作了进一步研究.结果表明,PLLA/β-TCP复合物纳米纤维的几何结构与电纺条件有关,随着聚合物溶液浓度增加、溶液流速增大,纤维直径有不同程度的增大;复合物纳米纤维膜的拉伸强度和杨氏模量随β-TCP的含量增加而下降;复合物纳米纤维膜对L-929细胞系无细胞毒性,显示良好的细胞相容性.