壳聚糖纱线纯淀粉上浆性能初探

为探讨壳聚糖纱纯淀粉上浆的可行性,在淀粉浆液中加入复合增塑剂(甘油和尿素),研究增塑剂对浆纱性能的影响,并与含PVA的传统配方进行对比。实验结果表明:含PVA的配方中,随着含固率的增加,浆纱强力变大而断裂伸长率变小;含复合增塑剂浆料配方中,随着甘油比例增加,耐磨次数和强力提高、纱线弹性损失减少,而甘油比例增加到一定程度时,浆纱性能反而降低。最佳纯淀粉浆料配方为含固率8%、复合增塑剂占氧化淀粉质量百分比6%、甘油/尿素5/5,此时浆纱强力和耐磨性改善明显,减伸率为5.7%,纱线弹性保持好,可以满足后道加工的要求,即壳聚糖纱纯淀粉上浆是可行的。     

替代PVA的接枝变性淀粉浆料的研究

通过实验研究，开发出了替代PVA的接枝变性淀粉浆料，产品中残留的单体极少，接枝率将近13％，其粘度低，粘度热稳定性好，对涤／棉纤维的粘附性好，上浆性能和目标浆料70％PVA＋30％氧化淀粉相比，浆纱强力和伸长率、毛羽均好于目标浆料，耐磨性能和目标浆料也相差无几，克服了其他接枝变性淀粉浆料浆纱耐磨性差的缺点，在实验室涤／棉混纺经纱上浆中全部替代了PVA，取得了很好的上浆效果。     

GS 氧化交联变性淀粉浆料的性能分析

通过对GS氧化交联变性淀粉浆料的浆液和浆膜的各项性能指标进行系统的测试与分析,得到GS氧化交联变性淀粉的水溶性良好,浆液黏度值稳定,成膜完整,浆膜的吸湿性较小,耐屈曲性良好,断裂强力较大。分别将GS氧化交联变性淀粉浆料和PV A与变性淀粉、固体聚丙烯酸进行配伍,对比两组配方下的浆纱强力、毛羽和耐磨性能等。实验结果表明,GS氧化交联变性淀粉的浆纱性能良好,可满足纯棉纱上浆要求。     

纳米SiO2/淀粉浆料共混物上浆性能的研究

通过改变纳米SiO2微粒对淀粉浆料的用量,采用小型浆纱机对纯棉经纱进行上浆实验,研究了无机纳米SiO2的用量对淀粉浆料上浆性能的影响.实验结果表明,在淀粉浆料中添加纳米SiO2微粒之后,对提高淀粉的浆纱性能具有显著效果,当纳米SiO2微粒与淀粉的配比量为干重比0.5%时,其浆纱耐磨性最好,毛羽降低率最高,浆纱增强率最大.     

淀粉微波改性的实验研究

研究了微波处理后淀粉结构及成份发生的变化,并由此引起浆料性能的变化,探讨了微波处理淀粉的作用机理。处理后的淀粉粘度降低,粘度的热稳定性提高,浆液对涤/棉纱的上浆性能有较大的改善。     

1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷对淀粉浆料的增塑作用

采用1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷作为增塑剂,以浆膜的断裂伸长率为评价指标,并结合它对淀粉浆料粘度、粘度热稳定性、粘附性等性能指标的影响,研究了三羟甲基丙烷对淀粉浆料的增塑作用,考察了它在经纱上浆中应用的可行性,最后通过实验给出了合理用量.实验结果表明三羟甲基丙烷对淀粉浆料有明显的增塑作用;随着三羟甲基丙烷用量的递增,它对淀粉浆料的增塑作用呈现先增大后减小的趋势.在经纱上浆过程中,三羟甲基丙烷对淀粉浆料的摩尔用量为干淀粉的5％为宜.     

田菁胶在纺织经纱上浆中的应用

研究田菁胶的上浆性能,测试了浆液、浆膜性能,并对添加田菁胶以降低混合浆中PVA的用量进行了浆液粘附力和浆纱测试.测试结果表明,浆液粘度稳定、浆膜柔韧,对纤维素纤维粘着力较大,田菁胶在经纱上浆中取代部分PVA,浆纱效果良好.为纺织厂在浆纱时提供参考.     

糊化阳离子淀粉用于经纱上浆的研究

介绍了糊化阳离子淀粉的制备方法，通过对其浆液性能和浆纱质量的测试，证明该浆料性能优良，具有高浓低粘、抗静电的特性．在细特纯棉、涤棉纱上浆中，不仅取代ＰＶＡ的量大幅度增加，而且浆纱质量有了明显的提高．     

PLA纤维纱线浆纱工艺研究

针对PLA纤维纱线的特点，选用马铃薯变性淀粉K5为主浆料，PVA、聚丙烯酸为辅，蜡片为助剂，制定了3种经纱上浆配方，对其浆液性能、浆膜性能和浆纱性能及其他指标进行测试。对比分析，得出了PLA纤维纱线上浆的最佳工艺路线。用马铃薯变性淀粉K5替代PVA ，既满足了PL A纤维纱线上浆要求，也减少了环境污染。     

几种胶粉用于涤棉纱浆纱性能研究

为了对聚酯浆料有一个综合性了解和评价,将醋酸酯淀粉分别与聚酯、PVA、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）配伍,形成3种胶粉浆料．通过实验,对这3种胶粉浆料的浆液性能、浆膜性能等进行了测试分析,并对涤棉纱线进行上浆实验,对比分析了上浆后纱线的毛羽降低率、增强率、减伸率等性能指标,所得数据可作为纺织企业对聚酯胶粉浆料使用时的参考．     

SYNTHESIS AND SIZING PROPERTIES OF GRAFT STARCHES AS WARP SIZING MATERIALS FOR POLYESTER/COTTON BLEND SPUN YARN

Grafting a number of monomers such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate onto granular corn starch was carried out respectively in aqueous dispersion by using cerie ammonium nitrate as an initiator under nitrogen atmosphere. Conversion of monomer, grafting ratio and grafting efficiency were measured by the method of combining the chemical quantitative analysis with the weight. The adhesive power of the starch graft copolymers to polyester/cotton fiber was evaluated by measuring the breaking strength and elongation of the roving impregnated with the paste. The viscosity change of the size paste before and after grafting was studied. The mechanical properties of polyester/cotton fibre yarn sized by the graft starch were tested. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) monomers which were graft coplymerized onto starch have a significant influence upon the viscosity of the size paste; (2) the adhesive power of     

羟基增塑剂的羟基数目对淀粉浆料增塑作用的影响

以淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长为评价标准,通过对比试验评价羟基增塑剂对淀粉浆料的增塑作用,从分子结构上认识羟基增塑剂的羟基数目对淀粉浆料增塑作用的影响,并通过浆液特性及黏附性能评估羟基增塑剂正戊醇、正丁醇、1,2-丙二醇、乙二醇、甘油、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、木糖醇及山梨醇的使用效果.研究结果表明:羟基增塑剂对淀粉浆料都具有增塑作用,能够改善淀粉浆膜脆而硬的缺陷.随着增塑剂羟基数目的增加,淀粉浆膜的断裂伸长率逐渐增大;在羟基数目为3时,增塑作用达到最大;但进一步增加羟基数目,增塑作用下降.在所研究的羟基增塑剂中,甘油和1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷的增塑作用效果最明显,以其作为淀粉浆料的增塑剂,可以减少浆纱和织造落物,提高织造效果.     

酶解双醛淀粉固定化脲酶性质的研究

采用酶解双醛淀粉固定化脲酶并对其固定化脲酶性质进行了研究。结果表明,酶解双醛淀粉固定化脲酶以后,载体之间形成较大的团状。酶解双醛淀粉载体固定化脲酶量达到24.3%。对固定化脲酶的性质研究表明,酶解双醛淀粉固定化脲酶的最适pH6.0,最适温度为70℃,具有很好的储存稳定性和较高的米氏常数,固定化脲酶重复使用10次后,活力下降了约25%。以上结果表明酶解双醛淀粉能有效固定化脲酶,是一种新型高效的固定化酶载体。     

高压上浆过程中浆液的流变特性

为探讨高压上浆对浆液流变性能的影响,通过实验测量玉米、马铃薯、PVA等浆液在不同质量分数、剪切速率及剪切应力下黏度的变化情况,并分析其流变特性.实验结果表明,在高压上浆过程中,浆纱的速度大幅提高,其剪切速率随之亦显著提高,而浆液黏度则大幅降低.压浆力的提高使得浆液的剪切应力相应增加,而随着剪切应力的增加,浆液的黏度亦随之下降,从而体现出高浓、高压、低黏的高压上浆特点.根据不同浆液的流变性能特点,分析比较马铃薯和玉米淀粉的浆液,认为马铃薯淀粉更适合高压上浆,且马铃薯/PVA混合浆较玉米/PVA混合浆更加适合于高压上浆.     

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles： Preparation and application in drub carrier

Dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (DASNP) were prepared by the redox reaction of NaIO4 and starch in water-in-oil microemulsion. IR spectrum showed that DASNP had aldehyde groups, and quantitative alkali consumption showed that its dialdehyde content was about (50±5)%. The average diameter of DASNP determined by SEM was about 100 nm. TGA-DTA showed that its thermal stability was better than starch nanoparticle (StNP) and dialdehyde starch (DAS). Its low biological toxicity was detected by cell experiment. Also the best mass ratio of doxorubicin (DOX) to combined DASNP detected by UV-VIS was 15 : 1, and the product was effective for controlled release of DOX. The cell experiment showed that the drug-carrier particle (DOX-DASNP) can release DOX for a long time and strengthened the effect of the anticancer drug. This work demonstrates that the DASNP, which has good thermal stability, small particle size, low biological toxicity, and slowly anticancer drug-releasing to strengthen drug effect, is a potentially useful carrier for anticancer drug.     

Study on Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment to Improve Sizing Performance of Pure Polyester and Polyester/Cotton Yarns

Since polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a sizing agent is not environmental friendly,it' s imperative to use less or even without PVA in the warp sizing.A set of sizing formulas with the same solid containing rate and different proportion were designed.After sizing practice of pure polyester and polyester/cotton yarns with atmospheric pressure plasma treatment by the set of sizing formulas,sizing quality was compared.The results indicate that strength enhancement rate,elongation reduction rate,and abrasion resistance of pure polyester and polyester/cotton sized yarn are significantly improved by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment.Meanwhile,PVA can be used less,or replaced by acrylic acid size.     

无PVA人棉纱浆纱工艺研究

针对人棉纱的特点,设计两组分别以K-2000和DS变性淀粉为主配制了2组浆料。分别对2组浆料及其交汇的性能及有关指标进行对比测试。并分别使用2组浆料对人棉纱进行上浆,对比分析上浆后纱线的毛羽降低率、增强率、减伸率等性能指标。实验结果表明,以K-2000为主取代PV A的浆料配方可以改善人棉纱的上浆性能。     

Effect of Starch Dodecenylsuccinylation on the Adhesion and Film Properties of Dodecenylsuccinylated Starch for Polyester Warp Sizing

A series of dodecenylsuccinylated starches（ DSSs） with different degree of substitution（ DS） were prepared via the esterification of dodencenylsuccinic anhydride with hydrolyzed cornstarch in aqueous dispersion for investigating the influences of starch dodecenylsuccinylation upon the performances such as apparent viscosity and surface tension of starch paste, film behaviors,and adhesion to fibers for warp sizing. It was found that the dodecenylsuccinylation was able to reduce the surface tension of cooked starch paste and enhance the adhesion of starch to polyester fibers. It was also capable of depressing the brittleness of native starch and improving the mechanical behaviours such as breaking elongation and work-to-break of starch film. Initial increase in DS level of dodecenylsuccinylation enhanced these positive effects,while excessively increasing the level resulted in marked reduction in tensile strength of starch film and significant decrement in reaction efficiency. X-ray diffraction patterns of starch films showed the dodecenylsuccinates derivatized onto the backbones of starch depressed the degree of crystallinity of starch film. Based on the paste behaviors, adhesion, and film properties, the dodecenylsuccinylation level is recommended in a range of 0. 015-0. 025 for sizing polyester warps.