小样本贫信息条件下高炉冶炼烧结终点组合预测法

由于烧结过程具有不确定性、多变量耦合、时变时滞的特点,并且烧结终点受多种因素的影响,采用传统控制方法难以将烧结终点控制在要求的范围内,提出应用支持向量机优良的时序预测性能,以及贝叶斯理论能够利用样本信息和先验知识来简化预测模型和优化参数的特性,建立了贝叶斯支持向量机烧结终点的预报模型。首先对烧结终点的机理分析,后分别叙述贝叶斯框架理论和LS-SVM算法,并将贝叶斯证据框架应用于最小二乘支持向量机模型参数的自动选择,建立起时间序列的烧结终点非线性预测模型。在贝叶斯推断的第一层,进行模型参数的选择;在贝叶斯推断的第二层,进行模型超参数的选择;在贝叶斯推断的第三层,估计模型核参数,然后利用贝叶斯最小二乘支持向量机算法(LS-SVM)对烧结终点进行预测,并在此基础上构造了烧结终点的贝叶斯最小二乘支持向量机模型。仿真结果和多种模型比较表明,本模型能在小样本贫信息条件下对烧结终点做出比较准确的预测,并具有预测精度高、所需样本少、计算简便等优点,取得了令人满意的结果。     

基于参数优化的最小二乘支持向量机HEV阀控铅酸蓄电池SOC预测

针对电池容量预测问题,引入最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)方法用于判断混合动力汽车(HEV)阀控铅酸蓄电池(VRLA)的荷电状态(SOC)。考虑到最小二乘支持向量机的参数选择会对预测结果产生较大的影响,提出一种基于参数优化的最小二乘支持向量机预测方法。首先,在非线性回归预测模型的训练过程中,采用模拟退火算法来确定LS-SVM的初始值参数,从而更好地反映预测模型的复杂度,以此提高状态预测的精度。其次,由于预测模型在应对不良数据时可能出现误差增大的问题,分别采用贝叶斯证据框架(BEF)优化算法和留一交叉验证(LOOCV)优化算法来增强预测模型的抗差能力。研究结果表明:留一交叉验证优化算法具有较高的预测精度,实用性强,有效性高。     

基于贝叶斯推理的LS-SVM矿产资源定量预测

针对矿产资源定量预测过程中最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的参数选择具有主观性和随意性,提出了一种与贝叶斯推理相结合的LS-SVM资源定量预测方法,并将其与证据权法(Wof E)进行了对比.在训练过程中采用贝叶斯推理方法对LS-SVM的参数选择进行优化,进而构建矿产资源定量预测优化模型.研究表明,该方法不但克服了参数选择的局限性,而且以后验概率形式输出预测结果,从而可提高预测精度.     

状态时间序列预测的贝叶斯最小二乘支持向量机方法

为实现对电子系统状态时间序列的有效预测,提出一种基于贝叶斯证据框架的最小二乘支持向量机在线预测方法.该方法以逐次增加最新状态数据并剔除最旧状态数据的方式更新最小二乘支持向量机预测模型,利用分块矩阵求逆运算简化了新旧状态数据交替增减所带来的预测模型重训问题,通过贝叶斯证据框架实现预测模型超参数的在线动态优化.应用于雷达发射机中高压电源与多注速调管的状态时间序列预测实例表明,该方法的预测精度与计算效率比自适应灰色模型方法分别高9.52%与73.26%,具有预测精度高、预测稳定性高与计算效率高的优点,适用于电子系统在线状态时间序列预测.     

基于贝叶斯最小二乘支持向量机的时用水量预测模型

为解决传统最小二乘支持向量机采用交叉验证确定模型参数耗时长的问题，提出利用贝叶斯置信框架推断最小二乘支持向量机的模型参数．通过第1级推断确定最小二乘支持向量机的权矢量w和偏置项b，通过第2级推断确定模型的超参数μ和ξ，通过第3级推断的模型对比自动选择核函数的系数．根据时用水序列具有周期性和趋势性的特点，建立了基于贝叶斯推断最小二乘支持向量机的时用水量模型．实例分析结果表明，与基于传统最小二乘支持向量机和基于BP网络的预测模型相比，基于贝叶斯最小二乘支持向量机的时用水量预测模型的建模速度更快，预测精度更高．     

一种基于最小二乘支持向量机的葡萄酒品质评判模型

对源自UCI数据库的葡萄酒数据进行预处理,选取径向基函数作为最小二乘支持向量机的核函数;然后,根据"一对一"算法设计出最小二乘支持向量机多元分类器,并应用交叉验证算法对参数寻优,建立葡萄酒质量评判模型.同时,用BP神经网络、标准支持向量机分类器对葡萄酒进行训练.对比实验结果表明:最小二乘支持向量机比BP神经网络、标准支持向量机的平均分类准确率高,最高分类准确率为100%.     

基于动态神经网络支持向量机的FPGA实现

研究了一种基于动态神经网络支持向量机(SVM)的FPGA硬件实现方法.提出了基于动态神经网络的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)神经网络结构,完成了VHDL语言描述的基于动态神经网络的LS-SVM结构设计,并在XILINX SPANT3E系列FPGA中完成了LS-SVM的分类与回归实验.结果表明,该硬件实现方法很好地完成了SVM的分类与回归功能,与现有的软件仿真和模拟器件实现相比,该方法具有更快的收敛速度和更高的灵活性.     

固定尺度最小二乘支持向量机

针对最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)在进行回归预测时存在的稀疏性缺陷问题,采用固定尺度最小二乘支持向量机,即固定支持向量数量进行改进。仿真结果表明:固定尺度最小二乘支持向量机在训练各种样本数据集时,有效地避开了LS-SVM中的稀疏性问题,且训练速度快,同时具有良好的预测精度。     

基于支持向量机的软测量建模方法的应用

利用基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的软测量建模方法,通过工业现场数据来对丁二烯精馏装置建立软测量模型.对于该软测量模型,支持向量机方法比BP神经网络方法具有更好的泛化能力.研究结果表明,基于最小二乘的支持向量机建模方法是一种有效的软测量建模方法.     

一种改进的最小二乘支持向量机算法

最小二乘支持向量机是标准支持向量机的一种扩展,它是支持向量机在二次损失函数下的一种形式.它用等式约束代替不等式约束,求解过程变为解一组等式方程,避免了求解耗时的二次规划问题,但同时也丧失了标准支持向量机的稀疏性,影响了二次学习的效率.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种改进的最小二乘支持向量机增量学习方法.改进的最小二乘支持向量机算法采用自适应剪枝方法对解进行稀疏,根据每次训练得到的分类器性能来设定剪枝阚值和样本增量的大小,如果得到的分类器性能好,剪枝阈值和样本增量就大,反之,剪枝阚值和样本增量就小,从而提高了最小二乘支持向量机训练效率,解决了稀疏性问题.最后,仿真实验表明该算法方案可行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.