基于WSR方法论的信息系统项目评价研究

以物理 -事理 -人理 (WSR)系统方法论为指导 ,分析了信息系统项目评价的重要性和特殊性。探讨了物理、事理、人理之间的关系 ,WSR的特性以及应用途径。提出了评价信息系统项目新的指标体系模型和算法———DHGF集成法。     

WSR方法论的一些概念和认识

目前有关对物理--事理--人理方法论（WSR）的研究日益引起人们的重视，但对于WSR重点面对的对象的定位，物理、事理、人理三个基本概念的内涵和外表， 以及WSR的逻辑步骤等问题人们在认识上存在偏差，本文根据现有的一些关于物理--事理--人理方法论（WSR）的研究状况，在比较和理解的前提下对其相关的概念及运用程序问题进行了探讨，指出作为方法论，WSR应面向复杂。同时认为，对物理、事理、人理三个概念的内涵有必要明确限制，外延要认真确定，文章给出一种基于这种观点的一组定义。最后，对WSR的步骤问题与Checkland的软运筹步骤作了比较分析，并进而提出了对WSR步骤一些新的不同的认识。     

WSR系统方法论视角下的企业安全生产应急管理

近年来,企业安全生产事故频发,深入研究企业应急管理规律已是当务之急。在对企业安全生产应急管理进行系统性分析的基础上,提出了企业安全生产应急管理系统。然后,从整合、重构的角度出发,以物理-事理-人理(Wuli-Shili-Renli,简称WSR)系统方法论为指导,对企业安全生产应急管理系统的物理、事理和人理因素进行了界定和划分,并构建了企业安全生产应急管理WSR模型,论证了物理、事理、人理之间的互动关系。     

供应链风险管理的物理–事理–人理方法研究

运用系统工程论中的物理-事理-人理方法(WSR),分别对供应链风险管理中的物理(W:风险等客观因素)、事理(S:机制、方法)、人理(R:协同)进行了深入分析,建立了供应链风险管理WSR综合集成方法.最后,应用所构建的方法完整地分析了通用汽车公司在日本3·11大地震后的供应链风险管理过程.案例展示了所提出的方法在供应链风险管理中应用的有效性.将现有的供应链风险管理研究方法有机整合,形成了一套指导企业实践的供应链风险管理框架.     

综合集成系统开发的系统方法思考

综合集成系统开发研究是一项非常重要的科研课题,它必然涉及理念、理论、方法论、思路、技术、实现、应用,以及组织管理等多层次多方面的一系列的思考.本文认为(1)在理念上提出"综合集成"就是一个突破,否定"还原论",不是"整体论",可以提"系统论"或"总体论",其中又应特别强调"质变过程";(2)在理论上要求深入研究"1+1>2"的必要条件和充分条件,这是整个研究开发中具有基础性的关键问题;(3)在方法论上建议关心"物理-事理-人理(WSR)"方法论和"螺旋式推进(SPIRPO)"方法论,也许能在综合集成的研究中发挥出一些作用;(4)在系统结构上建议采用"分布网络关联式的大系统结构",以便于满足可扩展性、可持续性、可维护性、可演化性,以及自学习性等的要求;(5)在技术与实现方面,为了实现分布网络关联式结构的思路,特建议选用MAS(Multi-Agent System,多独立智能体系统)技术,其中至少涉及两种具体的技术,即MAS关联技术与MAS封装技术,并构建三类Agent(独立智能体),即"管理Agent"、"交互Agent"以及"各别Agent"等,以便推动标准化;(6)在综合集成方面指出将涉及10多种具体技术;(7)在应用方面提出6项建议,并给出分布网络式大系统结构建议的示意图;(8)在组织管理方面建议试用"旋进式管理"的思路,以"以旋克旋","以旋克难",也许对整个大课题的完成能够有所促进、有所帮助.     

矛盾分析方法与系统分析方法讨论

矛盾分析是唯物辩证法的基本方法,系统分析则是新兴的流行方法。两种方法各有自己的长处,也有自己的短处。如何综合这两种方法的特点来发展矛盾方法论,是学术研究的一个重要课题。本文从世界观与方法论关系的角度,通过对哲学本原问题的新解答,提出了一种关系分析的方法,试图对矛盾分析方法进行发展。     

基于“(通)学理-(晓)人理-(知)物理-(行)事理”系统方法论的产业技术路线图研究

文章提出了"(通)学理-(晓)人理-(知)物理-(行)事理"系统方法论,建立了基于该系统方法论的产业技术路线图系统框架模型,进一步完善和发展了顾基发等提出的物理-事理-人理系统方法论,并在产业技术路线图绘制中应用了新的系统方法论,取得了良好的效果。     

从空间机器人的研究和应用谈谈工程系统工程

由于空间环境使空间机器人具有一些地面机器人所没有的特点,研制各种空间应用机器人,不断推进空间科学技术的发展,是一个复杂的人-机-环境系统工程。本文应用系统工程的观点,初步分析了空间机器人系统,包括机器人学科层次体系,空间环境一般特点与空间机器人,人-机-环境系统,工程系统工程一般方法论,以及空间机器人系统工程步骤。     

企业战略研究的系统方法论

首先通过分析系统的最重要但常常被忽视的特征来深入理解系统概念,给出在实践中把握系统概念的具有可操作性的途径; 通过知识论域体系、系统方法论的系统以及全面系统干预元方法论,进一步理解系统方法论的概念以及在实践中应用系统方法论的途径. 然后基于对系统和系统方法论概念的上述理解和企业战略研究的诸多学派,提出了一个企业战略研究的系统方法论,并详细介绍了 一个案例,在案例中还对定位学派的具体的研究方法论做了拓展.最后指出企业战略研究的系统方法论是选择众多企业战略研究方法 论的元方法论,可用于各种问题情境下的企业战略研究,而且其应用系统思考的途径还可以推广应用于企业管理的其它领域.     

复杂系统多主体仿真方法论

多主体仿真是研究复杂系统的重要方法,但缺乏规范的方法论.总结了多主体仿真的基本假设和技术特点,指出其本质特征是采用多主体视角建立系统的概念模型.根据多主体仿真的目的和特点提出了一种多主体仿真方法论,讨论了在概念模型建立、仿真模型建立、模型校核与验证等环节的特点.最后指出多主体仿真在适用性判据、建立微观-宏观联系、模型有效性验证方面尚存在的问题.     

An evolutionary design methodology

The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on a design methodology for the resolution of problem situations concerning complex organizations with opposing and conflicting substructures and facing dramatic environmental fluctuations necessitating major changes in the basic characteristics of the organization. To this end the organization is itself taken as a design methodology system which demonstrates one instance of the application of the paradigm of dissipative structures to social systems. The proposed methodology, precisely because it is applicable in an evolutionary system, is called an evolutionary design methodology. The primary goal of this method is to oversee the emergence of the legitimation authority for the truth arising from linguistic games, or narration, developed during the application of the method. This question of legitimation is directly connected with critical thought, because it forces out the philosophical position of the problem solver. It reveals his beliefs about social order and social change. Therefore it is assumed that the perspective of this paper fits within critical systems thinking.     

Total systems intervention: A practical face to critical systems thinking

This is the first exposition of a new methodology (or perhaps meta-methodology) for systems practice known as Total Systems Intervention (TSI). Designed to overcome the weaknesses of hard, cybernetic, and soft systems approaches and build on their strengths, TSI represents a practical face of critical systems thinking. It advocates combining three building blocks-systems metaphors, system of systems methodologies, and individual systems methodologies—in an interactive manner which is deemed to be particularly powerful and fruitful. In this paper the philosophy, principles, and phases of the TSI methodology are set out and two very different examples of its use are provided.     

A user designer-based systems methodology

This paper develops the argument that in organizational redesign it is desirable to utilize user-designers as the architects for the redesign. A methodology is developed which emphasizes the use of ideal systems models by user-designers to plan for the organization's future. The methodology involves the creation of an ideal system model, then an analysis of the present system through the creation of root definitions and process models of the existing system. Then root definitions and process models for the idealized system are created. Finally, the two are compared and desirable changes are generated which bring the existing system toward the idealized.     

基于演化模型的宏观经济系统分析方法

探讨了复杂巨系统与非线性动力学系统的关系,由混沌和分形揭示了复杂性寓于简单性之中、系统内部的固有特性决定了系统长时期演化行为;提出了基于演化的复杂巨系统建模、仿真与分析思想,给出了基于演化的复杂巨系统建模方法;利用这种方法,建立了中国宏观经济系统演化模型。     

Some Common Ground That Can Provide a Basis for Collaboration Between Action Researchers and Scientists: A Philosophical Case That Works in Practice

By analysing 22 case studies of good research, both action research and agricultural science, I believe I have found some criteria of good research that is common to all of them. These criteria match the philosophical pragmatists argument that the best a researcher can do is to provide a warranted assertion from a methodology which is fit for the specific research purpose and is internally consistent. They also include Popper's requirement that a methodology needs to seek disconfirming evidence and Habermas's requirement that subjective data is important in all research. These criteria have provided me with a basis for collaboration with my scientific colleagues and can provide a basis for collaboration between other researchers, whatever their methodology.     

Knowing as intervention: Reflections on the application of systems ideas

The relation between theory and practice is explored in this paper with respect to an examination of various systems approaches. It is argued that the moment of knowing already contains practical implications in that comprehensiongears practice in certain directions. Practice/application can fulfill the demands of theory through the operation of a self-fulfilling prophecy effect. The way in which theoretical conceptions of systems researchers may constrain practice is explored with reference to the work of Beer, Checkland and Scholes, and Ulrich. In the course of this exploration, alternative views of the way in which viable systems diagnosis, soft systems methodology, and critical systems heuristics may be utilised, are offered.     

海洋碳循环系统--开放的复杂巨系统的特点

试图通过分析综合海洋中发生的碳循环过程中的正、负反馈作用探讨海洋碳循环系统的复杂性，为了探明海洋是以何种过程、能够以多大的容量吸收在大气中增加的二氧化碳、有必要系统地研究大气中二氧化碳通过物理化学过程进入海洋并以碳酸盐形式进入深海的“溶解泵”过程，以及通过海洋表层的生物活动吸收以有机碳形式进入深海的“生物泵”过程，以及深水和海底碳酸协库的对大气二氧化碳输入的反馈作用，本文对海洋碳系统最为一个特定的开放复杂巨系统的特点及其子系统的非线性动力学进行剖析，对该系统的稳定性和海洋对温室效应气体的缓冲作用进行了讨论，介绍了目前国际上研究海洋碳系统的方法。     

Automobile Dominance and the Tragedy of the Land-Use/Transport System: Some Critical Issues

Although the automobile is the least energy-efficient, the least space-efficient, and one of the most expensive of the transport modes to operate, it has dominated our cities for the last 50 years and impaired their quality in fundamental ways. Increasing dependence on the automobile has led to such problems as severe traffic congestion, widespread air and noise pollution, increased fuel consumption, steeper infrastructure costs, and higher accident rates. Through an insidious process, this automobile domination has also encouraged the widespread development of sprawling suburbs that are the most uneconomical, environmentally degrading, and socially deplorable patterns of residential land-use development. It is demonstrated that these adverse consequences, created as a direct or indirect result of the automobile, have impaired the systemicity of the land-use/transport system, representing a modern-day example of the tragedy of the commons. To demonstrate whether the systemicity of land-use/transport systems can be appraised, a methodology is outlined for helping planning organizations to become cognizant of these problems and to spur major technological, policy, and behavioral changes.     

An Evaluation of R.L. Ackoff’s Interactive Planning: A Case-based Approach

Russell L. Ackoff developed the Interactive Planning (IP) methodology as a conceptual tool to guide systematic and systemic development of organizations. One of its unique features is that such development should be ideal-oriented. IP has been well-received within the Systems Thinking community in particular; where more than 300 applications of IP are mentioned. However, it has not been easy to answer the question: “does the use of IP enable that which it is proposing to enable?” as there have been no systematic, empirically grounded, and critically oriented, evaluations of IP. This study attempts to offer such an evaluation. In this case, IP was employed to support a comprehensive development of a Department within a company. This IP application was evaluated using a set of predefined evaluation criteria derived from the IP as such and also from its critique. The results suggest that IP is indeed a powerful methodology to guide organizational development. While IP has several positive merits, a set of limitations were identified and serve here as a basis for deriving recommendations for the practitioners of IP and also suggestions of areas that merit further IP research.