杭州湾内风暴潮与天文潮的耦合效应

研究杭州湾内风暴潮和天文潮之间的相互复杂作用对于准确预报风暴潮增水有着重要的意义.本文采用ADCIRC垂向积分水动力数学模式和藤田台风模型,计算风暴潮与天文潮耦合作用下的潮位过程,并与简单线性叠加的结果进行比较,探讨理想条件下天文潮与风暴潮的非线性作用特征.同时对杭州湾地区的天文潮以及9711号典型台风过程引起的风暴潮进行计算,分析该地区天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用特征及影响因素.结果均表明,天文潮影响下的风暴潮增水过程存在与天文潮相同周期性波动成分;和耦合计算相比,简单叠加得到的水位有高估高潮位、低估低潮位的趋势.     

长江口以外海域风暴潮与天文潮的非线性相互作用

一个二维数值模式被用于研究长江口以外海域的风暴潮与天文潮的非线性相互作用。用这个模式模拟了１９８１年８１１４号台风与天文潮共同作用下所引起的风暴潮增水。８１１４号台风是近２０年中最重要的台风之一。该台风登陆点附近有吴淞验潮站,这里有完整的风暴潮水位记录。计算结果与该站实测值符合较好,辩明模拟是成功的。此外,从模拟结果中还可得出一些有益的结论。     

“桑美”超强台风风暴潮增水特征分析

为研究“桑美”台风风暴潮的增水特征，基于POM海洋数值模式，建立包含福建省、浙江省、江苏省在内的天文潮与风暴潮耦合数值预报模型，并以此模型计算浙江省南部至福建省北部9个站点在台风登陆期间的增水过程。结果表明，9个站点的增水曲线表现出3种类型:标准型、波动型、随机型。距台风登陆点最近的站点表现为标准型，稍远为波动型，台风边缘处表现为随机型；鳌江站具有远超其他站点的最大增水，而这一现象是台风登陆点位置、鳌江站的特殊地形、风暴潮与天文潮耦合作用等多种原因所致。     

钢筋混凝土梁裂缝分布受保护层厚度影响试验研究

基于河口海岸水动力二维数值计算模拟,建立风暴潮与天文潮耦合作用的数值模型,通过多次台风引起的增水和综合潮位的模拟验证,证实该模型可适用于杭州湾海域,能够准确模拟强潮海湾内风暴潮和综合潮波的传播.应用该模型计算了秦山核电厂处可能最大热带气旋引起的增水,结果表明,过程最大增水随遭遇的天文潮位降低而增大,增幅可达85%,综合高潮位则随遭遇的潮位降低而下降;在平均海平面条件下最大增水比高潮位增水约大50%,也大干我国登陆最强的超强台风引起的增水.分析指出在强潮海区,基准洪水位组合中的可能最大风暴潮增水取发生在高潮位时的最大增水较合理.     

海平面上升对渤海风暴潮增水的影响——以“0310”寒潮风暴潮为例

基于非结构有限体积近岸海洋动力学模型(Finite Volume Costal Ocean Model,FVCOM),利用潮汐和风场强迫,建立渤海风暴潮模型,研究海平面变化对渤海风暴潮增水的影响。基于联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change,IPCC)第5次报告数据,在代表性浓度路径(representative concentration pathways,RCP)4.5情景下,模拟预测了在2030年、2050年和2100年海平面上升后,渤海寒潮风暴潮增水的空间分布。结果显示,海平面上升导致渤海近岸风暴潮极值增水有减少的趋势,渤海湾近岸典型站位风暴潮增水出现不同程度减少,其中2030年风暴潮增水将减少5%左右,到2050年风暴潮增水减少5%～8%,2100年风暴潮增水将减少10%～20%。主要原因是由于海平面上升改变了潮波的运动,使渤海潮汐高潮位上升,另外渤海风暴潮的浅水效应明显,海平面上升使水深相对增加,导致渤海近岸风暴潮增水的减少。但由于海平面上升后渤海风暴潮极值增水的减少量较小,因此海平面上升对渤海风暴潮过程的影响有限。     

渤海局部海域风暴潮漫滩计算模式—ADI干湿网格模式在渤海局部…

采用ＡＤＩ干湿网格模式和一种大小区嵌套式的数值计算格式，考虑了天文潮与风暴潮的非线性耦合效应，对渤海局部海域的风暴潮漫滩进行了数值模拟。模拟结果与实测结果符合良好，证实ＡＤＩ干湿网格模式对海湾风暴潮漫滩计算的可行性。指出ＡＤＩ干湿网格模式对预报淹水受灾范围具有应用价值。     

长江口台风暴潮的计算模式研究

长江口台风暴潮的数值研究包括计算模式的研究、增水计算、潮波传播计算和预报模式研究等四部分.本文阐述用二维全流型风暴潮方程组计算长江口地区风暴潮的模式.将计算域分成口外区增水线性计算和口内区考虑增水与潮汐综合作用非线性计算.文章讨论了两个计算区域的确定,并详述了采用套网格差分格式时,时间、空间步长不同的计算域间的交接方法.     

长江河口沿海区域温带风暴潮预报模式的建立与应用

长江口地区既受到台风风暴潮影响,又受到温带风暴潮影响,而长江口地区温带风暴潮研究较少.因此,本文利用新一代中尺度大气模式——WRF,结合有限元二维水动力模型——ADCIRC,并耦合近海浅水风浪数值模型——SWAN,建立了一个长江口及邻近区域温带风暴潮预报模型.利用实测资料对温带风暴潮模型进行率定和后报检验,相对误差控制在10%之内.利用该模型,对温带风暴潮增水的特征及机制进行讨论分析,对比了风应力和气压对增水的贡献,并探讨了增减水对风向的响应,得到了一些有意义的结果.     

北部湾风暴潮的数值模拟：三维流速分解模型的一个应用

从三维浅海非线性体动力学模型方程出发，使用进一步发展了的流速分解法，以７１０９号和８００７号台风为例，对北部湾的潮汐与风暴潮的耦合水位及流速进行了数值模拟。计算结果与实测资料基本相符。此外，还对北部湾风潮及天文潮的非线性效应进行了数值探讨，提出了有益的结论。     

饱和非线性光纤中孤子传输特性的数值研究

文章以包含五阶非线性效应的高阶非线性薛定谔方程为模型,数值分析了饱和非线性光纤中孤子的传输特性.结果表明,五阶非线性效应影响下,皮秒孤子间的相互作用与不含五阶非线性效应孤子情况并不相同,其相互作用更为严重.这对光孤子通信系统是非常有害的.数值计算结果发现,同时采用不等振幅和不等位相法,选取合适的振幅比和相对相位可以对孤子间的相互作用进行有效的抑制.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-