Chaos in an enzyme reaction

Dynamic systems are usually thought to have either monotonic or periodic behaviour. Although the possibility of other types of behaviour has been recognised for many years, the existence of non-monotonic, non-periodic behaviour in dynamic systems has been firmly established only recently. It is termed chaotic behaviour. A review on the rapidly expanding literature on chaos in discrete model systems described by difference equations has been published by May. R?ssler, on the other hand, has discussed a few published works on systems of differential equations with chaotic solutions, and he has proposed a three-component chemical model system which he argues has chaotic solutions [figure see text]. The argument is based on a theorem by Li and Yorke. Here we report the finding of chaotic behaviour as an experimental result in an enzyme system (peroxidase). Like R?ssler we base our identification of chaos on the theorem by Li and Yorke.     

特殊系统的混沌轨道引导控制

混沌控制的研究和发展 ,使非线性科学理论在实际应用中出现了巨大的突破 无论是根据实际问题的需要抑制混沌 ,还是利用混沌的特性获得新的动力学途径 ,混沌使动力学的应用呈现出多样性 由于混沌轨道的遍历性 ,使人们能够利用这种遍历性对动力系统进行有选择的利用 利用混沌控制的思想 ,笔者提出了混沌轨道之间引导控制的概念 ,通过Melnikov函数讨论了平面Hamilton系统的轨道控制项满足的条件 文中就一类特殊动力系统具体讨论了轨道引导控制实现及数值模拟     

混沌轨道控制

混沌控制的研究和发展 ,使非线性科学理论在实际应用中出现了巨大的突破 无论是根据实际问题的需要抑制混沌 ,还是利用混沌的特性获得新的动力学途径 ,混沌使动力学的应用呈现出多样性 由于混沌轨道的遍历性 ,使从相空间中某一点出发的某一轨道经过无穷长时间到达另一轨道 .利用混沌控制的思想 ,笔者提出了混沌轨道控制的概念 ,通过Melnikov函数讨论了平面Hamilton系统的混沌轨道控制项满足的条件     

一个新颖的四维混沌系统及其微控制器实现

本文在对基本Sprott B混沌系统引入参数后,通过增加一维控制器并反馈至Sprott B混沌系统状态方程,构建出一个具有唯一临界稳定平衡点的新四维混沌系统。采用相轨图、Lyapunov指数谱和分岔图等动力学工具对新混沌系统进行了仿真分析。结果表明,当参数变化时,系统可以在周期、准周期与混沌之间演变,存在独特的动力学行为和较大的鲁棒混沌区域。最后,基于改进的Euler算法进行系统离散化后,采用微控制器MSP430F5438A进行了相应的实验验证。     

一个切换Lorenz混沌系统的特性分析

为使混沌系统更好地应用于工程实践,通过构造由2个子系统组成的切换Lorenz型混沌系统,分析子混沌系统和自动切换混沌系统的Lyapunov指数谱和分岔图,利用拓扑马蹄引理从理论上证明了切换混沌系统吸引子的存在性,基于模拟电路和数字电路2种实验手段实现了混沌系统,分析结果表明,在相同参数下,切换系统具有与子系统的不同的动力学特性,切换系统比子系统具有更大的混沌参数区间.实验结果与仿真结果完全一致,在理论和实验两方面证明了切换混沌系统的存在性.     

Non-linear dynamics of cardiac excitation and impulse propagation

Extremely complex frequency-dependent patterns of excitation and impulse propagation can be shown in cardiac tissues. Such complex behaviour can be analysed using methods derived from chaos theory, which is concerned with the non-linear dynamics of deterministic systems that have irregular periodicities as well as an exquisite sensitivity to the initial conditions. We report here that the general response patterns of non-oscillatory cardiac conducting tissues, when driven rhythmically by repetitive stimuli from their surroundings, are similar to those of other deterministic systems showing chaotic dynamics. Such patterns include phase locking, period-doubling bifurcation and irregular activity. We have used electrophysiological techniques and analytical arguments to explain this unforeseen behaviour and to provide some key information about its mechanisms. The study of these dynamics is of general application to the understanding of disordered phenomena in excitable media, and may provide new insight about the origin of fatal cardiac arrhythmias.     

基于超混沌数学理论的图像加密方法研究

界定了混沌的概念,依据Lypunov指数构建了混沌系统判别方法.深入剖析了Lorenz混沌系统数学模型、吸引子特征,进而构建了四维Lorenz混沌系统,即Lorenz超混沌系统.相比于Lorenz混沌系统,Lorenz超混沌系统非线性更强、运行轨迹更加随机,适用于图像加密.实验结果表明,基于Lorenz超混沌系统构建的图像加密方法,加密结果中像素均匀置乱,三向相关性低.     

种群动态中的混沌现象

通过对种群规模的消长及种群格局在生态场中变化过程的分析，结合混沌科学的研究成就，文章讨论了种群动态中的非线性问题。分析表明，ｒ－对策种群动态是一个较为开放的耗散系统，其种群涨落并非简单的无序；ｋ－对策种群在生态场四维空间之中，由于混沌因子的作用及作用过程的非线性动力学性质，其种鲜动态也并非简单的线性调控。     

基于增广RBF神经网络的混沌系统辨识

混沌系统的建模与辨识是混沌控制的基础。提出一种动态线性子系统与ＲＢＦ神经网络并联的增广ＲＢＦ神经网络模型,该模型不仅对动态非线性系统具有良好的逼近能力,而且网络学习速度很快。对Ｈｅｎｏｎ系统时间序列的仿真预测结果表明,增广ＲＢＦ网络能有效地用于混沌系统辨识。     

Chaos in a long-term experiment with a plankton community

Mathematical models predict that species interactions such as competition and predation can generate chaos. However, experimental demonstrations of chaos in ecology are scarce, and have been limited to simple laboratory systems with a short duration and artificial species combinations. Here, we present the first experimental demonstration of chaos in a long-term experiment with a complex food web. Our food web was isolated from the Baltic Sea, and consisted of bacteria, several phytoplankton species, herbivorous and predatory zooplankton species, and detritivores. The food web was cultured in a laboratory mesocosm, and sampled twice a week for more than 2,300 days. Despite constant external conditions, the species abundances showed striking fluctuations over several orders of magnitude. These fluctuations displayed a variety of different periodicities, which could be attributed to different species interactions in the food web. The population dynamics were characterized by positive Lyapunov exponents of similar magnitude for each species. Predictability was limited to a time horizon of 15-30 days, only slightly longer than the local weather forecast. Hence, our results demonstrate that species interactions in food webs can generate chaos. This implies that stability is not required for the persistence of complex food webs, and that the long-term prediction of species abundances can be fundamentally impossible.     

整数阶混沌系统与分数阶半导体激光器系统的同步

为利用混沌同步提高通讯系统的安全性,以一个三维整数阶混沌系统作为驱动系统、分数阶半导体激光器系统作为响应系统,研究了二者之间的混沌同步.分析了2个系统的混沌行为,给出了不同相平面上系统的混沌吸引子;基于分数阶系统稳定性理论,为系统设计了合适的反馈同步控制器,实现了系统间的混沌同步;数值仿真验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

时滞三角型混沌系统的滑模自适应同步控制方法

为解决一类时滞三角型混沌系统的同步控制问题, 设计了时滞三角型混沌系统, 并通过分岔图、 Poincare映射、 功率谱分析和最大Lyapunov指数计算分析了混沌动力学特性。并在此基础上, 提出了时滞三角型不确定混沌系统的滑模自适应同步控制方法, 利用滑模控制和自适应控制相结合的方法提出了单维同步控制器的设计。数字仿真表明, 时滞三角型混沌系统的滑模自适应同步控制是有效的。     

Mechanisms of extensive spatiotemporal chaos in Rayleigh-Benard convection

Spatially extended dynamical systems exhibit complex behaviour in both space and time--spatiotemporal chaos. Analysis of dynamical quantities (such as fractal dimensions and Lyapunov exponents) has provided insights into low-dimensional systems; but it has proven more difficult to understand spatiotemporal chaos in high-dimensional systems, despite abundant data describing its statistical properties. Initial attempts have been made to extend the dynamical approach to higher-dimensional systems, demonstrating numerically that the spatiotemporal chaos in several simple models is extensive (the number of dynamical degrees of freedom scales with the system volume). Here we report a computational investigation of a phenomenon found in nature, 'spiral defect' chaos in Rayleigh-Benard convection, in which we find that the spatiotemporal chaos in this state is extensive and characterized by about a hundred dynamical degrees of freedom. By studying the detailed space-time evolution of the dynamical degrees of freedom, we find that the mechanism for the generation of chaotic disorder is spatially and temporally localized to events associated with the creation and annihilation of defects.     

基于U模型的混沌系统Super-Twisting同步控制研究

提出了一种基于U模型的混沌系统Super-Twisting同步控制方法,对混沌系统的混沌控制进行了描述,结合混沌系统的研究现状和非线性系统设计中的一些成果,提出了混沌控制与同步的一些新方法,设计出相应的控制器实现有限时间混沌同步控制。针对Lorenz系统和Chen系统进行了数值仿真,仿真结果证明了所给方法的有效性。     

一类n-adic系统的混沌性

在这篇文章中我们引进了弱n-adic集映射和具有全n-adic集系统的概念,讨论了弱n-adic集映射具有正拓扑熵条件和具有全n-adic集系统在回复性上的混沌性。证明了n不是2的倍数的n-adic系统是Devaney 混沌的, Wiggins混沌的, 按序列分布混沌的,分布混沌的, Martelli’s 混沌的, 混沌的, Block and copple 混沌的     

数模混合混沌系统的设计与电路仿真

提出了数模混合混沌系统的实现方案,利用连续混沌系统和数字混沌系统的互补特性,使两种系统通过耦合模块的相互作用,既克服了连续混沌系统难以长时间稳定同步工作且需要通过信道传输同步信号的缺点,又解决了因有限字长效应导致的数字混沌系统的特性退化问题.本系统在Cadence IC50平台下用硬件描述语言Verilog-a进行电路设计及行为级仿真,仿真结果显示该设计满足功能要求.     

异结构超混沌系统的同步控制策略

基于非线性动力学和李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,研究了异结构混沌系统及超混沌系统的同步控制策略,推导了异结构三维混沌系统及四维超混沌系统的同步控制器公式.该同步控制策略从信号产生和硬件实现两方面提高了混沌同步的灵活性, 符合混沌保密通信的要求,其作用效果均得到计算机仿真验证.     

混沌同步技术在保密通信中的应用

简要介绍了混沌保密通信的发展过程,分别以典型的连续和离散混沌系统为例,分析了混沌信号的高度初值敏感特性,介绍了混沌同步保密通信系统的基本模型,讨论了混沌同步在保密通信中的三种应用技术：混沌掩盖、混沌调制、混沌键控。给出了几种典型的比较成熟的方案。     

一类种群增长模型的反馈线性化控制

考虑一类带有时滞的种群增长模型的混沌控制问题.通过计算系统的Lyapunov指数和Lyapunov维数验证了一类带有时滞的种群增长模型具有混沌现象.运用反馈线性化方法,设计反馈控制器,对成虫进行捕获或投放,制定合理的开发策略,将系统中的混沌轨道稳定到理想的目标轨道,即不稳定的不动点,进而使不稳定的种群系统达到稳定.数值仿真说明该反馈控制器行之有效,可以使处于混沌状态的生物种群稳定到理想状态,实现种群的有序生存,保持自然界的生态平衡.     

两类高阶系统的完全同步问题

研究两类高阶系统的混沌同步问题,根据Lyapunov稳定性理论和混沌同步相关理论设计了控制器,能够使驱动网络与响应网络达到混沌同步,得到误差系统渐近稳定的充分性条件,给出了系统取得同步的严格证明.研究表明:在适当的条件下,各类高阶系统是完全混沌同步的.仿真算例表明了方法的有效性.