双（N，N-二乙基）胺基甲基三氟丙基硅烷合成研究

以甲基三氟丙基二氯硅烷和二乙胺为原料,低温反应合成了含氟硅聚酰亚胺材料的重要中间体双（N,N-二乙基）胺基甲基三氟丙基硅烷,利用红外光谱、核磁共振及质谱等手段对产物结构进行了表征和确认．利用正交实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料摩尔比以及溶剂组成等因素对目标产物收率的影响,基于方差分析确定出最佳反应条件为：反应时间6h,反应温度-10℃,二乙胺与甲基三氟丙基二氯硅烷的比例为6：1,溶剂为乙醚与二氯甲烷的等体积混合物．正交实验结果经重复实验得到验证．     

三乙胺在三氟甲磺酸三甲硅酯反应中的作用

通过异丁酸甲酯（3）和三氟甲磷酸三甲硅酯（1）／三乙胺（2a）的反应，1.1—=[（2-甲氧基）乙氨基]乙烯（6）和1在不同种类叔胺碱存在下的反应研究，探讨了上述反应的可能机理，指出在用1进行的三甲硅烷基化反应中，2a是最好的助剂碱。对用1／2a进行三甲硅烷基化反应的其它条件也进行了研究。     

三甲氧基硅烷与乙烯反应产物的气质联用分析

硅氢化反应是合成有机硅化合物及其聚合物最重要的反应之一.在此使用GC-MS对三甲氧基硅烷与乙烯的硅氢加成反应产物进行分析,共检测出7个组分,经质谱分析鉴定分别为三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、四甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、四甲氧基二氢二硅氧烷、五甲氧基氢二硅氧烷和三甲氧基硅烷二聚物.其中,甲基三甲氧基硅烷可能为反应原料中杂质,四甲氧基硅烷、四甲氧基二氢二硅氧烷、五甲氧基氢二硅氧烷和三甲氧基硅烷二聚物为水解或者歧化反应的副产物.     

S-苯基-S-甲基-N-甲酰基亚砜亚胺化合物的合成

针对目前N-甲酰基亚砜亚胺的合成需要复杂的步骤以及昂贵的反应试剂,文中以S-苯基-S-甲基-NH亚砜亚胺与(溴二氟甲基)三甲基硅烷(TMSCF2Br)为原料,通过改变反应条件,成功地将亚砜亚胺的氮氢键转化为氮碳键,进而简单、高效地合成了S-苯基-S-甲基-N-甲酰基亚砜亚胺.用柱色谱法对反应产物进行分离,并用核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、碳谱(13CNMR)、高分辨质谱(HRMS)等对产物进行表征.结果表明,最佳的反应条件为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作溶剂、不需要碱源、25℃下反应30 min,S-苯基-S-甲基-N-甲酰基亚砜亚胺的产率可达55%.该法具有原料易得、步骤简单、条件温和、绿色环保等优点.     

2-氨基-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)乙酰胺的合成

在低温和碱性条件下,将甘氨酸与碳酸二叔丁酯反应制得N-(叔丁氧羰基)甘氨酸化合物(1).再将化合物1在N,N’-二环己基碳化二亚胺和4-二甲氨基吡啶的作用下与三氟乙胺盐酸盐进行酰胺化制得N-[2-氧代-2-[(2,2,2-三氟乙基)氨基]乙基]氨基甲酸-1,1-二甲基乙酯(2).然后将化合物2在盐酸作用下脱除保护基Boc,得到2-氨基-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)乙酰胺.最后通入氯化氢气体制成2-氨基-N-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)乙酰胺盐酸盐(3).化合物1~3经MS、IR、1 H NMR和13 C NMR等确证结构.文中所采用的方法具有原料易得、操作简便、安全性高等优点.     

一种糠醛型季铵盐的合成

采用糠醛、正丁胺及卤代烷为原料合成单长链糠醛型季铵盐N-甲基-N-丁基-N-十二烷基-2-呋喃-亚甲基碘化铵,考察了反应时间、物料配比和温度等因素对反应的影响.结果表明N-丁基-2-呋喃-亚胺、N-丁基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺以及N-丁基-N-十二烷基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺的最佳合成条件分别为:反应时间4h,n(糠醛)∶n(正丁胺)=1∶2,反应温度60℃;反应时间4h,n(亚胺)∶n(硼氢化钠)=1∶2.5,温度0～5℃;反应时间16h,n(N-丁基-N-2-呋喃-亚甲基胺)∶n(溴代十二烷)=1∶1.1,反应温度为80 ℃.质谱证实了产品结构,经两相滴定法测得活性物含量为95.1％;产品的cmc为0.000 2moL/L,γcmc为33.93 mN/m,表面活性较好.     

α-二苯基膦羰基化合物的合成及还原制醇

介绍了用二本基膦三甲基硅烷与α-氯代或溴代酮反应合成α-二苯基膦苯乙酮(Ⅰ)、二苯基膦甲基-β-萘基酮溴化物(Ⅲ)、二苯基膦甲基-1-金刚烷基酮溴化物(Ⅴ)等新化合物.用二苯基氯膦与乙酸乙酯烯醇锂盐反应制备α-二苯基膦乙酸乙酯(Ⅵ);用四氢铝锂还原羰基化合物制备相应的仲醇;酯Ⅵ与甲基溴化镁反应制得二苯基膦叔丁醇(Ⅶ).并对各化合物的~(13)C和~(31)P核磁共振谱作了研究.     

α—三甲硅氧基烃基膦酸二烷基酯的合成

磷硅试剂与羰基化合物反应是制备α-三甲硅氧基烃基膦酸二烷基酯的简单而有效的方法。本文报导了用此法合成十二个α-三甲硅氧基烷基膦酸二乙酯的反应条件以及产物的IR和H~1-NMR数据,初步探讨了影响反应的有关因素。     

以改进的Tietze法合成对位取代苯酚氧苷类化合物

对Tietze报道的合成苯酚氧苷的方法进行了改进,以全乙酰糖代替1-O-三甲基硅烷基乙酰糖作反应的原料,以无水SnCl4代替三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯作反应的促进剂,缩短了反应路线,降低了工艺成本.利用改进的方法设计合成了三个对位取代苯酚氧苷类化合物1-O-(4-硝基苯基)-2,3,5-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖苷、1-O-(4-乙酰基苯基)-2,3,5-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖苷和1-O-(4-苯甲酰氧基苯基)-2,3,5-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖苷.考察了原料比例、促进剂用量和溶剂对反应的影响:反应的促进剂无水SnCl4用量需大于化学计量;溶剂为干燥的二氯甲烷,以非干燥的二氯甲烷或乙腈为溶剂的反应则会有副产物4-硝基苯基乙酸酯的产生,副产物的出现可能为乙酰基参与的糖苷键断裂所致.     

N-甲基-N-乙基-N,N-二(2-硬脂酰氧)乙基溴化铵的合成及应用

采用先季铵化再酯化的合成路线,合成了酯基季铵盐N-甲基-N-乙基-N,N-二(2-硬脂酰氧)乙基溴化铵.考察了物料摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间对中间体N-甲基-N-乙基-N,N-二羟乙基溴化铵的影响,所得中间体与硬脂酰氯酯化得到酯基季铵盐产品,产物活性物质含量质量分数达98％以上,采用IR、MS和1H-NMR对合成酯基季铵盐进行了结构表征.对合成的酯基季铵盐的柔软性能进行研究,结果表明与双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵( D1821)相近.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that