10 mm无夹层钢化玻璃冲击波毁伤效应实验研究

(目的)为了获得爆炸冲击波对无夹层钢化玻璃的超压毁伤阈值和冲量毁伤阈值,研究不同安装方式对毁伤阈值的影响,开展了钢化玻璃冲击波毁伤效应实验。(方法)针对10 mm厚无夹层钢化玻璃进行了多发实验,对每一发实验进行了爆炸参数测试,获得了冲击波超压随时间变化历程的实验数据。通过观察和记录的实验现象,分析确定了10 mm厚无夹层钢化玻璃刚好被冲击波破坏的临界状态所对应的实验发次。结合实验设计与实施条件,根据冲击波压力测试结果,(结果)得到了10 mm厚无夹层钢化玻璃冲击波超压和冲量毁伤阈值的近似值。(结论)实验结果表明,不合理的安装方式会严重影响钢化玻璃的冲击波毁伤阈值,合理的安装方式下10 mm厚无夹层钢化玻璃的冲击波毁伤超压阈值约为50 kPa,冲量阈值约为180 kPa?ms。     

PVB夹层钢化玻璃冲击波毁伤效应实验研究

为获得爆炸冲击波对带PVB夹层钢化玻璃的超压毁伤阈值和冲量毁伤阈值,针对6 mm+1.52 mmPVB+6 mm厚带PVB夹层的钢化玻璃进行了多发外场化爆实验,对每一发实验进行了爆炸参数测试,获得了冲击波超压随时间变化历程的实验数据.通过观察和记录的实验现象,分析确定了6 mm+1.52 mmPVB+6 mm厚带PVB夹层钢化玻璃被冲击波破坏的临界状态所对应的实验发次.结合实验设计与实施条件,根据冲击波压力测试结果,得到了6 mm+1.52 mmPVB+6 mm厚带PVB夹层的钢化玻璃冲击波超压和冲量毁伤阈值的近似值.实验结果表明,在合理的安装方式下6 mm+1.52 mmPVB+6 mm厚带PVB夹层的钢化玻璃的冲击波毁伤超压阈值范围为41~55 kPa,冲量阈值范围为180~299 kP a· ms.      

汽车爆炸现场实验研究

结合当前国内外车辆爆炸案件的特点,针对轿车开展爆炸模拟实验,得到汽车毁伤状态的第一手资料。对爆炸现场重建中的炸点确定、炸药量推算、炸药种类确定、爆炸装置原始形态分析等问题进行研究,同时,利用冲击波超压测试系统对造成目标破坏的空气冲击波超压这一重要因素,通过实验测试进行了研究;利用高速运动分析系统记录了爆炸的全过程,为轿车爆炸案件现场勘验和分析工作奠定了理论和实验基础。     

活性射流侵爆耦合毁伤效应分析

为分析活性射流侵爆耦合毁伤效应,采用实验与理论相结合的方法对活性射流侵彻过程中爆炸效应的变化进行了研究.利用测压罐实验得到了活性射流侵彻不同厚度钢靶后的内爆超压特性,分析了侵彻靶板厚度对侵彻形貌以及内爆超压峰值的影响.并结合虚拟原点理论,建立了活性射流微元侵爆分析模型.结果表明,活性射流在测试罐内形成的超压具有峰值较大、作用时间较长、空间上分布均匀的特性,并且成型活性射流中存在未完全反应部分;活性射流的密度衰减使后续射流侵彻单位长度所消耗的射流质量大大增加,从而造成靶后内爆超压峰值随侵彻深度增加呈现抛物线衰减.利用模型可较好地描述活性射流作用目标时爆炸效应与侵彻深度之间的关系,为分析活性射流毁伤机理提供了帮助.      

10 mm厚无夹层钢化玻璃冲击波毁伤效应实验研究

为了获得10 mm厚无夹层钢化玻璃的冲击波超压毁伤阈值和冲量毁伤阈值,通过开展冲击波对钢化玻璃毁伤效应的外场化爆实验,研究了爆炸冲击波作用时不同安装方式下10 mm厚无夹层钢化玻璃的动态响应过程和毁伤破坏现象。结果表明:不同安装方式下相同钢化玻璃的冲击波超压毁伤阈值和冲量毁伤阈值差别非常大;合理的安装方式下10 mm厚无夹层钢化玻璃的冲击波毁伤超压阈值约为50 kPa,冲量阈值约为180 kPa·ms。可见,不合理的安装方式会严重影响钢化玻璃的冲击波毁伤阈值,为了获取准确的钢化玻璃冲击波毁伤阈值,实验时应采用最合理的安装方式。     

隔爆墙后爆炸冲击波绕射与超压分布规律

基于爆炸实验与数值模拟,对爆炸载荷作用下隔爆墙后的冲击波绕射和超压分布规律进行了研究.首先,开展了隔爆墙对爆炸冲击波隔离效应的实验,得到了有/无隔爆墙条件下相同爆距处的冲击波超压时程曲线.在此基础上,采用流体动力学软件AUTODYN对爆炸冲击波的绕射过程进行了数值仿真,通过与实验结果的对比验证了模型的有效性.结合数值模拟和量纲分析,得到了不同爆炸当量、爆距、墙高等参数下隔爆墙后不同区域的冲击波超压分布规律,并给出了隔爆墙后近地面超压峰值的工程计算公式,为隔爆墙的设计和安全评估提供了依据.      

掘进巷道瓦斯爆炸数值及实验分析

应用爆炸理论和质量、动量、能量守恒定律,针对掘进巷道瓦斯爆炸建立了物理模型和数学模型,在此基础上分析了掘进巷道瓦斯爆炸的条件和可能性.运用Autoreagas数值分析系统对掘进巷道置障条件下瓦斯与空气混合气体的燃烧爆炸进行分析和研究.结果表明,障碍物的存在使得密度升高的幅度大大增加,混合气体超压加大,激波波动剧烈,温度、混合气体流动速度以及爆炸过程中燃烧速度产生不规则波动、振荡和变化.实验分析和对比表明,瓦斯聚积量大,则发生瓦斯爆炸后产生的超压将大幅度升高,平均超压将升高到聚积量小的超压的2倍,最大超压则升高到聚积量小的超压的2.5倍.通过对照分析,数值计算的数据与实验获得的数据比较接近,证明数值模拟的合理性.     

爆炸冲击波对大型复杂舰船结构毁伤效应数值模拟研究

采用有限元软件针对大型复杂舰船在战略武器大当量爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤效应进行数值模拟研究.建立某航母结构1∶1有限元模型,采用CONWEP方法施加爆炸载荷,研究舰船的动态响应特征,主要分析爆炸当量、冲击波强度等因素对舰船毁伤模式和甲板变形破坏等级的影响.研究结果表明,随着爆炸冲击波传播距离增加,其强度沿飞行甲板表面以指数形式衰减,沿不同层甲板则呈现近似线性衰减特征.随着爆炸当量和冲击波强度的增加,舰船甲板变形破坏等级逐渐增加,舰船毁伤模式由局部塑性变形毁伤逐渐转变为总纵强度毁伤模式,接触爆炸时还会发生结构破损总纵剩余强度毁伤.在小当量爆炸且冲击波强度超过1.0 MPa时,飞行甲板、吊舱甲板和机库甲板会随着冲击波超压强度的增加而逐渐失效;在中等当量且冲击波超压强度超过0.2 MPa时,飞行甲板、吊舱甲板在爆炸后基本失效,机库甲板的功能将受到严重影响;在大当量爆炸且冲击波超压强度达到0.2 MPa时,三层甲板均发生局部区域完全失效.相关研究方法有助于大型复杂舰船结构在大当量爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤效应评估.     

基于空中爆炸冲击波的动态爆心定位方法研究

为解决空中动态爆炸爆心位置难以测定的问题,研究一种基于冲击波超压测试结果的爆心坐标五区定位方法.将数字压力记录仪在爆炸区域组成测试方阵,根据测点距预估爆心距离将所有测点划分到5个区域.通过在每个区域选取一个测点共5个测点的方式得到多组测点,以每组测点的相对坐标和冲击波超压值为原始数据,基于空中静态爆炸自由场冲击波传播规律、动态爆炸冲击波超压工程计算公式、壁面反射规律等建立函数方程组.借助Matlab软件和莱文-马夸特方法迭代求得多组爆心坐标,通过格拉布斯法剔除异常数据,将剩余数据求平均值得到最终的爆心3维坐标.结合实爆试验,将计算结果与监测结果进行对比,结果表明该方法求解爆心坐标是可靠有效的.      

爆炸冲击波作用下机翼等效靶毁伤效应实验研究

为研究飞机机翼在爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤效应,采用结构等效和强度等效原理对典型飞机机翼关键部件进行了等效,设计机翼关键部件等效靶.采用TNT药柱爆炸方式产生爆炸冲击波对等效靶进行动态加载,分别获得了以LY12及碳纤维复合板作为蒙皮的等效靶在冲击波载荷作用下的响应过程、失效模式以及冲击波超压与等效靶最终变形量的相互关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-