阵列幅相误差背景下MUSIC算法的DSP实现

针对空间谱估计算法在实际应用中的误差问题,讨论了在存在阵列幅相误差背景下,多重信号分类法(MUSIC：MUltiple SIgnal Classification)测向算法在DSP(Digital Signal Processor)上实现的一种方法。通过设置方位精确的辅助阵元对幅相误差进行校正,辅助阵元的方位信息为误差参数的计算提供了必要的信息量,然后利用MUSIC算法进行波达方向估计,同时利用TI公司高速DSP芯片(TMS320C6713)实现了在阵列幅相误差背景下的MUSIC测向方法。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于神经网络的相干信源稳健DOA估计

目前基于神经网络的DOA估计主要是针对理想情况下的均匀线阵,且信源非相干,可估计的信源数较少.针对阵列误差和相干信源同时存在的问题,在理想数据集中引入互耦误差、阵元幅度误差、阵元相位误差以及阵元位置误差,并设计了一个多通道CNN+DNN网络和目标函数生成方法,用于相干信源的稳健DOA估计.引用B-band互耦模型和相关误差模型合成阵列输出信号,通过提取阵列输出信号的协方差矩阵的实部、虚部与相位角,构建网络的输入信号.对理想条件下的MUSIC算法DOA估计结果进行拟合,根据拟合公式生成多信源从不同角度入射时的空间谱,作为网络的目标信号.使用相同的数据集对本文DOA估计网络与其它文献中的DOA估计网络进行训练和测试.结果显示,在不同信噪比、不同误差大小以及不同信源数的情况下,本网络的稳健性和解相干能力都更优.     

近场麦克风阵列幅相误差校正技术

针对近场均匀麦克风线阵,提出了一种利用单个校正源对存在阵元幅度和相位误差的阵列模型进行校正的方法,该方法要求在已知校正源和各个阵元位置的前提下对阵列幅相误差进行估计,从而得出了阵列误差校正矩阵.对实际麦克风阵列校正的结果表明,该方法简单快速,计算量小,且具有较高的估计精度.     

一种新的相干信源互耦自校正算法

针对互耦效应下相干信源的波达方向（direction of arrival,DOA）估计问题,提出一种基于阵列接收数据一阶统计量的解相干及互耦自校正算法.算法利用阵元接收数据的一阶统计量构造伪协方差矩阵,理论推导证明,互耦系数已从理想导向矢量中剥离,且该矩阵的秩与信源相关性无关,仅与信源个数相等,即实现了信源的解相干及互耦自校正,因此通过对重构矩阵进行一次特征分解即可实现DOA估计.此外,对算法的子空间估计性能及由互耦系数导致的测角模糊性进行了分析,结果表明该算法实现过程简单,计算量小,在低信噪比和短快拍数时仍具有很高的估计性能.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.      

双圈均匀圆阵互耦和位置误差的联合校正

针对互耦误差和位置误差同时存在的情况,提出一种联合校正的方法.首先,算法设置2个辅助阵元,运用四阶累积量来扩展误差阵列,构造旋转不变子空间算法所需的旋转不变矩阵束,以满足多个辅助信源的高精度测角要求;然后,将估计出的辅助信源方位角作为已知值,通过轮换迭代解耦互耦误差和位置误差.本算法运用了双圈圆阵的阵列结构,降低了搜索维数.仿真结果表明本算法测角精度高、校正效果好.     

基于辅助阵元法的MUSIC算法

阵列误差会使MUSIC算法的性能急剧下降.现今大多数校正算法都是用于校正方位无关的阵列误差.但实际中的阵列误差几乎都与信号方位有关.辅助阵元法是校正方位相关阵列误差的有效方法.首先论述了辅助阵元法与MUSIC算法相结合的算法,然后重点分析了信噪比和校正阵元的精度对算法性能的影响,同时提出了提高算法精度的方法,为实际应用提供参考.仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

采用前向空间平滑分组的混合信号波达方向估计算法

针对混合信号在估计其波达方向时阵列孔径和信噪比损失严重的问题,提出了一种基于对称均匀线阵的波达方向估计算法。对于独立信号,利用旋转不变性子空间类算法估计出其波达方向;对于多径传播引起的多组相干信号,利用矩阵的差分以及斜投影分组估计出其波达方向。这种利用矩阵差分的算法不仅消除了独立信号对相干信源的影响,而且相比前向空间平滑算法减少了斜投影和空间平滑的次数,降低了阵列孔径和信噪比的损失。该算法还可以与多种平滑算法相结合,降低对阵元数的要求并提高仿真性能。在估计相干信号的波达方向时,利用旋转不变性子空间类算法思想代替多信号分类算法,避免了谱峰搜索,降低了运算时间。仿真结果表明:存在5个相干信源时,在-10dB的低信噪比的情况下,所提算法仅需7个阵元就可获得误差较低的估计结果,而且与多信号分类算法相比节约了大量运行时间。     

基于内插阵列变换的相干源测向方法研究

利用内插阵列变换和前/后向空间平滑技术在阵列信号处理中的优点,提出了一种对相干信源进行超分辨测向的有效方法.该方法首先在不同的内插区间将均匀圆阵虚拟成等距均匀线阵,使其阵列流型具有Vandermonde矩阵形式,然后使用基于前/后向空间平滑技术的MUSIC算法对相干信号的波达方向进行有效地估计.该方法的主要优点在于,当相干信源数多于阵元数时仍可有效地估计出相干信源的二维波达方向,并且可实现全方位、无模糊的角度估计.计算机仿真证明了其有效性.     

非平稳噪声背景下多径信号DOA估计方法

针对目标信号传输过程中的多径现象或电磁干扰引起的同时存在独立和相干信源(多径信号)的情况,提出了一种非平稳噪声背景下的混合信源DOA分步估计方法。该算法利用常规谱估计算法估计独立信源,在利用广义协方差差分方法排除掉非平稳噪声信息后,然后根据斜投影算子的性质排除独立信源,对剩余的相干信源则可采用修正空间平滑算法恢复为满秩,进而可以用MUSIC算法进行DOA估计。相比较传统的广义差分方法,该算法在提高阵列信源过载能力的同时,避免了对独立信源的平滑运算,计算复杂度降低,并且适用于更广泛的未知噪声背景及低信噪比环境。计算机仿真结果证明了新算法的有效性和正确性。     

基于分数低阶矩的空时最大似然DOA估计

为了提高现有基于分数低阶空时矩阵类算法的估计精度和其在低信噪比时的解相干性能,在对称α稳定分布噪声条件下,提出改进分数低阶空时矩阵用于独立信源DOA估计,基于分数低阶矩的空时最大似然算法用于相干信源DOA估计.仿真结果表明:针对独立信源,改进的分数低阶空时矩阵进行DOA估计的成功概率高于分数低阶空时矩方法;针对相干信源,分数低阶矩的空时最大似然算法的估计成功概率比SS-FLOM算法高,均方根误差比SS-FLOM算法小;新方法克服了空间平滑类算法严重损失阵列孔径的弊端,节省阵元.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-