基于TD-NLMS的航空移动通信OFDM系统载波频率偏移消除

针对航空移动通信中时变的信道环境和多普勒频移造成的子载波间干扰(ICI),提出了一种时域自适应归一化最小均方误差算法(TD-NLMS)来消除航空移动信道正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中载波频率偏移引起的干扰.该算法首先对接收的时域信号进行频偏预估计和预补偿,然后对剩余载波频移进行消除.仿真结果表明:在航空移动信道环境中,新算法可以很好的对旋转相位进行补偿,与最小二乘算法相比,误码率性能有明显提高,可以实现对载波频率偏移的消除.     

高速移动环境下基于OFDM的LTE系统ICI消除技术综述

在高速移动环境下,基于正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)的长期演进(longterm evolution,LTE)移动通信系统受信道快速时变引起的多普勒频偏影响,产生子载波间干扰(inter-carrier-interfer-ence,ICI),严重破坏系统性能。ICI成为LTE技术在高速移动场景下应用的一个难点。在分析多普勒频偏及ICI成因的基础上,总结国内外通过编码自消除、均衡、迭代判决反馈消除、时域快变信道估计等方法消除高速移动引起的OFDM系统ICI的主要方法,分析并指出现有方法存在的问题。在此基础上,介绍了最新提出的OFDM频域快变信道估计的思想。报道了LTE上、下行链路正交频分多址接入系统中相关问题的研究情况,并对后续的研究工作提出了展望。     

快时变衰落信道中基于时域加窗分段的OFDM均衡方法

在高速移动正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,信道的快速变化引起载波间干扰（ICI）,降低系统性能. 为了有效地抑制由于信道时变引起的ICI,提出了一种时域分段线性处理的均衡算法. 通过接收端时域加窗,使原有时变信道均衡简化为针对多个OFDM符号子块内的时不变线性处理,从而大大降低信道均衡算法的复杂度. 同时,从理论上深入解析了所提均衡算法的性能及加窗个数的优化,并推导出基于所提算法的信干比（SINR）闭式解. 仿真结果以及复杂度分析表明,相较于现有时变信道均衡方法,所提算法能明显提升系统性能,且计算复杂度更低.     

频偏与高速移动场景中的协作OFDM系统性能分析

理论分析频偏与信道时变引起的子载波间干扰(ICI),以及其对协作正交频分复用(OFDM)系统接收性能的影响,并通过数值仿真得到ICI的分布及系统误码率.实验结果表明:一方面频偏与信道时变共同作用下的ICI更加严重,并由此导致系统性能的严重恶化;另一方面,频偏与信道时变作用下的ICI随子载波间隔的增加而减小.说明低复杂度ICI均衡是可行的.     

基于联合频分复用的水下多载波调制技术

目前水声通信的OFDM调制是一种高效率的多载波调制技术,但严格要求子载波正交,对频偏敏感.水声通信中主要采用多普勒补偿或增加子载波滤波器的方法解决多普勒频移的问题,实现复杂.本文从新的角度,即增大子载波间间隔角度研究减小子载波间干扰(ICI),提出一种联合频分复用(C-FDM)方法,将多个OFDM子载波模块联合形成一个C-FDM子载波模块,并将频率相同的子载波放在相邻位置.在C-FDM和OFDM符号长度相同情况下,C-FDM的子载波间隔更大,不需要增加复杂补偿算法,就能有效提高抗多普勒频移能力.仿真结果表明C-FDM技术在水声信道中有更优良的误码率性能.     

水声OFDM系统多普勒频移和信道的联合估计

水声通信是近年来研究的热点,但由于水声信道本身的问题,如多径延迟、多普勒频移、信号衰减、窄带宽、时变等特点,使得水声通信传输数据速率低,传输误码率(BER)高.正交频分复用(OFDM)在水声通信中具有很大优势,但它对载波频率偏移(CFO)敏感.基于循环前缀正交频分复用(CP-OFDM)的水声通信系统,对多普勒引起的CFO进行补偿,同时利用延迟-多普勒域中的稀疏性对水声双选信道进行压缩感知信道估计.通过计算机仿真和水池实验,验证了这种双选信道估计的有效性和可靠性.     

基于信道分割级联的正交频分复用子载波干扰消除算法

在高频段正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中子载波间干扰（ICI）较大,运用信道分割方法,将线性时变信道近似等效为时不变信道与无时延时变信道的级联,从而在接收端实现一维均衡抑制ICI,避免了高复杂度的信道频域响应矩阵的计算和求逆过程.分析和仿真表明,相对于现有的利用ICI相邻载波分布特性的低复杂度最小均方误差算法,算法在几乎不损失系统性能的同时,可将复杂度降低到O(N).     

数字并行接收机的反馈频域均衡方法

为了适应高速宽带无线通信的需要,在一种高速数字并行接收机(APRX)结构的基础上,提出了一种使用伪随机(pseudo-random num ber,PN)序列进行反馈频域均衡的方法,通过PN序列相关估计的信道冲激响应反馈到频域均衡器来更新并行接收机频域均衡器系数,这种结构能适应高速率传输的要求,并且能有效地对抗频率选择性衰落。仿真结果表明:在多径信道下,APRX已无法工作,而提出的反馈频域均衡方法性能较好,仅与G auss ian白噪声信道下有约5 dB的性能损失,且实现简单,便于应用。     

高铁环境下MIMO-OFDM系统中的载波间干扰自消除

高铁(high-speed train, HST)无线信道具有非平稳时变特性, 针对高铁环境下的多入多出-正交频分复用(multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, MIMO-OFDM)系统, 提出一种载波间干扰(inter-carrier interference, ICI)自消除和迫零(zero forcing, ZF)均衡联合算法. 在接收端, 利用循环前缀(cyclic prefix, CP)序列, 对每个OFDM符号序列抽取子序列并线性平均加权以实现ICI自消除, 然后再对新的ICI减小的OFDM符号序列采用ZF均衡算法进行均衡, 最后通过硬判决检测得到发送信号. 仿真实验表明, 利用CP序列能有效减小ICI, 从而提高载波干扰比(carrier-to-interference ratio, CIR). 对于误码率(bit error rate, BER)性能, 该联合算法优于直接ZF均衡算法, 能够保证较好的通信质量.     

时变信道下频域均衡系统的干扰抑制

信道的时变特性会影响单载波频域均衡(SC-FDE)系统的性能.对时变导致的干扰进行了理论分析,并在此基础上,参考正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中载波间干扰的消除方法,提出了单载波频域均衡系统中干扰自消除、时域加窗和分段均衡等抑制信道时变干扰的方法.分析和仿真表明,这几种方法都能有效地抑制信道时变导致的干扰.但是干扰自消除和时域加窗方法需要重复传送相同的信息,效率有所下降;而分段均衡方法增加分段数目,在提高系统性能的同时也增加了接收复杂度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.