牧草中矿质元素测定前处理的比较研究

牧草中矿质元素的测定前处理的方法有干灰化法，混酸消化法，本文提出用４ＮＨＣＩ煮沸提取，并将此法与前两法的测定结果进行比较．统计检验结果得出，酸煮沸提取法与干灰化法、混酸消化法比较，大多数结果非常一致，除铬外，其余不存在显著性差异．     

动物体内毒性元素汞、砷、铅的样品预处理方法及测试研究

汞、砷、铅为无机毒性元素。本文作者采用微波高压消化法对动物体组织进行消化处理，用等离子发射光谱仪对消化试样进行分析。该方法具有较好的回收率、灵敏度及极好的准确性，从而建立了一个快速、准确、简便的测定汞、砷、铅的方法。     

灰渣的湿法消化法及其利用

采用高压消化罐法消化样品，采用正交试验设计实验方案，用ICP-AES测定了煤燃烧后底灰中的镁、锰、镍、钾、钙、铝、铁、铜、镓、钛、汞、钒、锗、铈14种元素的含量，方法回收率在89.0％～108．7％之间，相对标准偏差均小于1．97％．方法简单、快速、准确性好，实现了多元素同时测定，测量结果表明，煤燃烧后的底灰与原煤相比微量金属元素普遍得到了富集．     

火焰原子吸收法测定蒜渣中的微量元素

用硝酸－高氯酸（4：1）混酸对烘干后的蒜渣进行消化处理，用原子吸收光谱法测定处理溶液中的Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Cu、Co、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd等10种微量元素，结果表明，蒜渣中对人体有益的元素如Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn含量丰富，具有很大的使用价值。     

不同产地枸杞子质量的综合评价

主成分分析是一种将多个变量化为少数几个综合新变量的多元统计分析方法．应用该方法对不同产地枸杞子质量进行了综合评价．根据综合得分给出了不同产地枸杞子质量的科学排名，客观地反映了不同产地枸杞子微量元素各方面的特征．     

茯苓中锰、镁、铅元素的形态分析

对中草药茯苓中微量元素Mn、Mg、Pb的形态进行了研究.用0.45μm滤膜将茯苓水煎液分成可溶态和悬浮态,将其中可溶态用LSA-10树脂柱分成有机态和无机态,对茯苓煎渣则用HCl和CCl4进行浸渍和提取,然后用混合酸消化法和悬浮液直接进样法分别测定各微量元素的总量,再用原子吸收分光光度法测定了3种元素各形态的含量.结果表明,悬浮液直接进样法优于混合酸消化法,Mn、Mg、Pb 3种元素主要以可溶态存在,Mg以有机态为主,Mn、Pb以无机态为主.     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定岩白菜素中铁锌

用微波消化技术对岩白菜素试样进行预处理．针对样品特性，选择了较佳的微波消化条件与操作参数，建立了用微波消化-火焰原子吸收法测定岩白菜素中铁锌含量的方法．减少了样品处理过程中的损失，回收率为97．5％-102％；RSD为1．5％-5．1％（n=10）．     

凯氏定氮法测定蛋白质含量的改进

对凯氏定氮法测定蛋白质含量进行改进。消化过程用碱液吸收瓶，防止SO2排入大气中造成的环境污染；蒸馏过程用例扣的漏斗防止例吸。测定结果表明，硫酸铵中氮的平均回收率由96．95％提高到99．70％，相对标准偏差由4．5％下降到0．6％；海带多糖中粗蛋白含量测定的相对标准偏差由4．3％下降到0．6％。改进的方法提高了测定的准确性。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定动物组织中痕量铬的研究

本文报导了在酸性介质中，用石墨炉原子吸收法测定动物组织中痕量铬的最佳实验条件。系统的论述了消化剂的选择，消化时间控制，进样酸度以及共存元素对测定结果的影响。实验结果表明，采用ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４进行动物组织样品消化效果优于ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ２。本文给出了动物组织的最佳消化条件及分析方法。     

应用IOP—AES同时测定5种花草茶的微量元素

花草茶是用植物的根、茎、叶、花或皮等部位单独或综合干燥后，加以煎煮或冲泡而产生的芳香味道的草本饮料。采用高压密封消化罐对五种花草茶进行处理，将化学计量学中的正交试验设计应用于ICP—AES法同时测定5种花草茶中的Se，Sr，Cu，Mn，Fe，Pb六种微量元素。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度高，准确性好，多种元素同时测定，回收率在97．5％～101．9％之间，相对偏差小于2．15％。实验结果发现5种花草茶中均不含Pb元素，且Se，Sr，Cu，Fe，Mn对人身体有益的微量元素含量较高，提示了5种花草茶的具有较高的营养价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to