高黏改性沥青的宏观自愈合性能

采用动态剪切流变试验结合分子扩散理论,研究高黏改性沥青的宏观自愈合性能。通过愈合时间增加沥青胶结料的复数模量与原样沥青胶结料复数模量比值来评价沥青胶结料的愈合程度,并建立愈合本征方程,描述不同高黏沥青的瞬时愈合性能。结果表明:在整个愈合历程中,添加高黏改性剂对沥青的愈合性能具有积极意义;随着愈合时间的增加,高黏改性沥青的自愈合行为主要发生在裂纹界面愈合的前10 min,后期愈合程度较小;通过愈合本征方程可以看出,添加高黏改性剂对提升沥青的瞬时愈合性能具有良好的作用,其中Ⅰ型高黏添加剂的瞬时愈合百分比增加幅度最大;Ⅱ型高黏改性沥青的整个愈合过程发生前10 min,愈合时间的增加对其愈合性能并无太大影响,而Ⅰ型高黏改性沥青与SBS改性沥青在随着时间的增加愈合率依然呈现缓慢增长模式,说明随着时间的变化Ⅰ型高黏改性沥青与SBS改性沥青的愈合现象仍会缓慢继续,在外界荷载作用下Ⅰ型高黏添加剂对提升沥青混合料自愈合性能更加出色。     

苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物-改性胶粉复合改性沥青路用性能流变学分析

为研究改性剂掺量对苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer,SBS)-改性胶粉(modified rubber powder,MCR)复合改性沥青路用性能的影响,通过常规流变学试验方法,定性对比研究了SBS和MCR改性剂掺量对SBS-MCR复合改性沥青黏弹性的影响,量化分析了沥青胶结料路用性能的变化规律;通过多重应力蠕变试验,对比研究了不同改性剂掺量下沥青胶结料高温抗车辙性能的提升效果和差异;基于低温弯曲蠕变试验对8种沥青胶结料的蠕变劲度模量和蠕变速率进行对比研究,分析比较了材料在低温柔性和应力松弛性方面的差异.结果表明:不同改性剂掺量的SBS-MCR复合改性沥青虽然高温PG分级相同,但其抵抗高温变形的能力却可能存在差异;SBS和MCR改性剂对沥青胶结料劲度模量的提升效果相近;8种SBS-MCR复合改性沥青胶结料低温等级为-24℃,低温路用性能良好;最终推荐改性剂的合理掺量为4％SBS+11％MCR.     

EC130沸石对SBS改性沥青黏弹性的影响

为了研究EC130沸石(含水矿物)对SBS改性沥青黏弹性的影响，考虑沸石脱水与含水2种状态，通过黏度试验和DSR试验，研究EC130脱水沸石和含水沸石对SBS改性沥青黏弹性的影响，剖析EC130沸石对SBS改性沥青黏弹性的影响因素。试验发现：添加EC130脱水沸石与添加EC130含水沸石均使沥青的黏度和复数模量增大，且随掺量的增加呈逐渐增大的趋势，但在同一掺量下，添加EC130含水沸石的沥青黏度和复数模量均小于添加EC130脱水沸石的，而相位角呈相反规律。较原样沥青，添加EC130脱水沸石的沥青复数模量主曲线出现增大；较添加EC130脱水沸石的沥青，添加EC130含水沸石的沥青复数模量主曲线出现减小，而相位角主曲线呈相反规律。结果表明：沸石中的矿物对沥青具有增黏增弹作用，而水分作用相反。     

石墨烯橡胶复合改性沥青高温性能研究

为了研究石墨烯橡胶复合改性剂对沥青高温性能的影响,采用SBS改性沥青作为试验对照组,基于流变学原理,通过动态温度、频率扫描试验,分析改性沥青在动态加载条件下的黏弹性能与流变性能。研究结果表明:改性沥青的车辙因子、复数模量及黏度随着温度的升高而降低,在高温条件下石墨烯橡胶复合改性沥青相较于SBS改性沥青具有良好抗车辙性能与抗外力变形能力,且石墨烯的添加增强了改性沥青的弹性恢复能力,提高了沥青的高温稳定性能。     

基于线黏弹范围的改性沥青动态流变性能

为了比较改性沥青在较宽频率范围内的流变性能,选择SBS、高弹、高黏和高强等4种改性沥青与基质沥青进行动态力学分析通过应变扫描试验,发现在相同复数模量时,4种改性沥青的线黏弹范围均小于基质沥青.在线黏弹范围内进行频率扫描试验,并应用时温等效原理分别构建复数模量和相位角主曲线,可区分不同改性沥青的性能差异.结果表明:高弹改...     

老化时间对SBS改性剂与沥青胶结料官能团的影响

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和弯曲梁流变(BBR)试验,对老化0h、1h、5h、8h、24h、48h和72h条件下的2种沥青胶结料进行低温性能试验并与SBS改性剂进行官能团分析,探究基质沥青、SBS改性剂与其改性沥青的官能团随老化时间变化趋势,分析其老化方式,建立2种沥青胶结料官能团与其低温性能之间的关系。结果表明：SBS改性剂的老化是由聚丁二烯和聚苯乙烯的共同作用导致的,其老化方式主要是以烯烃和烷烃发生降解为主;基质沥青和改性沥青老化方式均是轻质油份挥发并与空气中氧气发生交联反应。SBS改性剂与其改性沥青在特征红外吸收峰处变化趋势不同,因此仅采用SBS改性剂特征红外吸收峰变化趋势不足以反应其改性沥青的特征峰变化。2种沥青胶结料的羰基指数与蠕变柔量导数指标存在良好的线性相关,可反映沥青低温变形能力。     

3种AC-20沥青混合料的动态模量及其主曲线拟合与分析

为了探索沥青路面常用的AC-20沥青混合料的动态模量规律,采用相同料源的粗集料、细集料和矿粉配制了AC-20级配矿质混合料。以马歇尔试验方法确定的最佳油石比,配制了湖沥青改性沥青、SBS改性沥青以及70#基质沥青等3种沥青混合料。采用基本性能试验仪的沥青混合料单轴压缩动态模量试验方法进行了动态模量试验,并在此基础上运用时间-温度等效原理,采用NCHRP09-29提供的Mastersolver Version 2.2对阿伦尼乌斯方程中的参数进行拟合,建立了参考温度为20℃的3种沥青混合料动态模量主曲线。研究结果表明,湖沥青改性沥青AC-20和SBS改性沥青AC-20的动态模量主曲线始终位于基质沥青AC-20上方,说明沥青改性剂对混合料性能改善作用显著;湖沥青改性沥青AC-20和SBS改性沥青AC-20的动态模量主曲线存在逼近、交叉现象,说明不同改性沥青混合料性能表现出不同的适用范围。     

多聚磷酸改性沥青高温评价性能指标研究

针对不同多聚磷酸改性沥青胶结料进行了常规高温性能试验和Superpave高温性能试验,得到了不同的高温性能评价指标,并对比分析了沥青胶结料高温性能评价指标之间的关系.采用改进后的车辙试验验证了沥青混合料的高温性能,研究了沥青胶结料与混合料高温性能之间的相关性.通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)试验分析了多聚磷酸改性沥青以及SBS复配多聚磷酸改性沥青的改性机理.结果表明:软化点和累积应变可以较准确地评价不同类型沥青胶结料的高温性能;掺加多聚磷酸可以减小基质沥青和SBS改性沥青的热流率,从而改善基质沥青和SBS改性沥青的热稳定性;累积应变可作为高弹改性沥青胶结料的较合理评价指标.     

基于黏弹特性的SBS改性沥青多次再生效果评价

采用动态力学分析方法(DMA法)对SBS改性沥青多次再生前后的黏弹特性进行研究,通过比较复数剪切模量、相位角、车辙因子、弹性恢复率和不可恢复的蠕变柔量等参数评价SBS改性沥青独特黏弹特性的保留程度与再生效果,并采用荧光显微镜对老化与再生过程进行观测.结果表明:随着老化与再生次数的增多,再生剂对SBS改性沥青黏弹性能的再生效果越来越差,SBS改性沥青独特黏弹特性逐渐丧失;多次再生后沥青对应力水平的敏感性增强,弹性恢复能力变差,越来越接近硬质沥青,难以满足适用于SBS改性沥青的MSCR分级标准;老化过程中SBS逐渐发生聚合、相容性变差,再生剂只能补充老化过程中沥青组分的迁移造成的轻质组分的减少,但不能重新分散SBS改性剂、不能改善SBS与沥青的相容性;SBS改性沥青3次及以上再生时,如果只采用再生剂再生,可考虑将之作为硬质沥青进行应用,如果不降低改性沥青路面的路用性能,新添加的改性沥青应添补旧沥青丧失的SBS黏弹特性,针对性定制新的改性沥青将成为技术途径.     

氧化石墨烯改性沥青性能评价及其OGFC混合料路用性能

为制备氧化石墨烯(GO)高黏改性沥青,采用GO和SBS粒子为复配改性剂对70~#基质沥青进行复合改性。通过沥青结合料常规性能、流变性能和黏附性能测试对GO改性沥青性能进行表征;采用3种高黏沥青(GO改性基质沥青、GO/SBS改性沥青和壳牌高黏沥青)制备开级配磨耗层(OGFC-13)混合料并评价其路用性能,考察GO改性沥青应用于OGFC混合料的适用性。结果表明:GO可显著提升沥青的黏度、稠度、刚度、韧性、抗永久变形能力、热储存稳定性和黏附性能,而对沥青低温抗裂性能影响并不显著,GO对基质沥青的改性效果优于改性沥青;GO改性沥青具有较好的固态交联网络,在高温(60℃)下可抑制胶体结构的破坏并提高沥青的弹性恢复功能;GO的加入可提高沥青的色散分量和极性分量,并提高沥青的表面自由能,进而提升沥青的黏附性能;GO可有效减缓沥青老化过程中轻质组分的挥发,从而降低老化对OGFC混合料劲度和弹塑性能的影响,在全面提高混合料老化性能的同时延长路面使用寿命;与壳牌高黏沥青结(混)合料相比,GO/SBS改性沥青结(混)合料具有优良的高温稳定性、施工和易性、水稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗老化性能,是一种具有高性能的高黏改性沥青结(混)合料。未来可尝试采用加入芳烃油、木质素纤维等方法进一步改善GO改性沥青结(混)合料的低温抗裂性和耐久性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.