响应曲面优化中药材废渣基活性炭的制备

采用中药材废渣为原料,以KOH为活化剂,选用响应曲面分析方法设计实验,制备活性炭.以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为响应值,对影响KOH活化法最重要的3个因素浸渍比、活化温度以及活化时间进行优化.结果表明,对于碘吸附值的影响,活化温度浸渍比活化时间,对于亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,浸渍比活化温度活化时间.所得最优条件为浸渍比3、活化温度744℃、活化时间75min,在此条件下制备的活性炭碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为723.75mg/g、350.82mg/g,与理论模型值非常接近,说明基于响应曲面法所得的最佳工艺参数准确可靠.通过SEM、热重分析可知该活性炭具有孔隙结构发达、热稳定性高等特点.     

不同活化因素对秸秆活性炭孔结构的影响

以K_2CO_3为活化剂,辣椒秸秆为原料制备活性炭,研究活化温度、活化时间、浸渍比和浸渍时间等影响因子对活性炭孔结构的影响.以比表面积、总孔容及碘吸附值为表征指标,对活性炭孔结构进行分析.结果表明,在给定的取值范围内,随着影响因子值的增加,比表面积和碘吸附值都呈现先升高后降低的趋势.在800℃活化温度、120min活化时间、2∶1浸渍比、24h浸渍时间的最佳条件下,制备的活性炭比表面积和碘吸附值的最大值分别达到1 753.983m~2/g,1 754mg/g,总孔容为0.893cm~3/g,平均孔径2nm,微孔率达84%.     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥制备活性炭的研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,以KOH为活化剂采用化学活化法制备污泥活性炭。研究了碳化时间、碳化温度及活化剂浓度等条件对污泥活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响。通过正交实验确定了污泥活性炭的最佳制备条件。结果表明,以碘吸附值作为主要评价指标,制备条件对污泥活性炭的碘吸附值影响大小的顺序为:炭化时间活化剂浓度炭化温度。制备污泥活性炭的最佳工艺组合为炭化温度400℃,炭化时间40 min,活化剂浓度为0.3 mol/L,污泥活性炭的碘值为308.7 mg/g。     

核桃壳活性炭的制备及其吸附苯酚特性

采用氯化锌-软锰矿活化法制备核桃壳活性炭并研究其对废水中苯酚的吸附特性,结果表明:软锰矿的投加量占原料的5%、氯化锌浓度为3 mol/L、剂料比为1、活化温度600℃、活化时间10min是活性炭的最佳制备条件。在此条件下亚甲基蓝脱色力是123mL/g,碘吸附值945mg/g。在18℃、pH=2条件下,0.5g核桃壳活性炭对50mL的50mg/L苯酚溶液吸附240min吸附效果最佳,吸附效果优于市煤质活性炭。     

利用桐籽壳制备活性炭的工艺研究

对以桐籽壳为原料、用氯化锌法制备活性炭的工艺进行了研究,采用正交试验优化了工艺参数.最佳工艺参数为：料液比质量比1∶2.0、氯化锌质量分数为50%、活化时间60 min、活化温度为60 ℃.在此工艺条件下所制备的活性炭,其碘吸附值为986.35 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为178.23 mg/g,表观密度为0.423 6 g/mL.     

吸附有机气体饱和废活性炭热再生的实验效果

采用热处理方法对多次再生饱和废活性炭进行再生处理,研究确定温度800℃、保温时间60 min为吸附有机气体饱和废活性炭热再生最佳条件.此条件下,再生活性炭碘吸附值为329.69 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为83.95 mg/g,与新活性炭相比,碘吸附性能和亚甲基蓝吸附性能恢复率分别为70.03%和68.83%.通过对再生活性炭表征,探讨了热再生过程活性炭结构及性能变化.红外表征显示经热再生处理,活性炭C=C基团和C—O基团消失,表明吸附质成功实现脱附;XRD和孔隙分析则表明热再生处理能改善活性炭的石墨化程度,被吸附质覆盖、堵塞或填充的微孔会被释放还原,增加微孔数量和比例,再生后活性炭平均孔径由6.85 nm降低至2.26 nm、比表面积由520.67 m~2/g提高到1143.43 m~2/g、孔容由0.21 cm~3/g增加到0.39 cm~3/g,吸附性能得到很大改善.     

氯化锌活化法制备长柄扁桃壳活性炭

目的深入研究长柄扁桃壳的利用价值。方法探讨氯化锌活化法制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件,对产品性能进行表征,并初步研究其对印染废水的脱色能力。结果最佳工艺条件为氯化锌溶液质量分数为50%,活化温度为600℃,活化时间为90 min。此条件下活性炭得率为44.76%,碘吸附值为883.78 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为165 mg/g。活性炭77 K氮气吸附等温线属(Ⅱ)型吸附等温线,比表面积为1633.08 m2/g,累计孔容积为2.53 mL/g,平均孔径为9.68 nm。微量元素含量大小依次为ZnNaMgKCaP,未检出Mn,Cd,As,Pb等有害元素。产品对自制印染废水的脱色率达到99.57%。结论长柄扁桃壳是制备优质活性炭的理想原料。     

煤基高比表面积活性炭的制备研究

以山西阳泉无烟煤为原料,NaOH为活性剂,采用化学活化法对煤基高比表面积活性炭的制备进行实验分析研究,着重考察了碱炭质量比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在碱炭比为4、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为1 h的条件下,可以制得比表面积为2 637 m2/g、总孔容为1.36 cm3/g、碘吸附值为2 893 mg/g、亚甲蓝吸附值为476 mg/g的煤基高比表面积活性炭。     

KOH活化石油焦制备工艺对活性炭吸附性能的影响

以固-固混合方式,用KOH活化石油焦制备了高比表面积活性炭,研究了活化温度、碱炭比、原料粒度、活化时间、预处理温度及氮气流速等因素对活性炭的碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,并用液氮吸附法分析了高比表面积活性炭的孔隙结构.结果表明:活化温度、碱炭比、原料粒度、活化时间,以及中间处理温度和氮气流速对活性炭的碘值和亚甲基蓝吸附值均有明显的影响;在一定的条件下,可制备出比表面积大于3000m2/g、比孔容积达1.80cm3/g、碘吸附值为2714mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为510mg/g的活性炭.活性炭的吸附特性可以通过石油焦原料的改性和各种工艺条件的优化进行调控.     

中心组合设计法优化CuCl2为活化剂的茶梗活性炭制备工艺

本研究以茶梗为原料,以氯化铜为活化剂,化学法制备载铜茶梗活性炭,采用响应面法优化所制备活性炭的吸附性能.在单因素实验的基础上选取浸渍比、氯化铜浓度、活化温度、活化时间为影响因子,利用Box-Behnken中心组合试验（简称BBD）进行4因素3水平的试验设计,以活性炭得率和碘吸附值作为响应值,进行响应面分析.结果表明,制备活性炭的最佳条件为：氯化铜浓度为25％、浸渍比为4、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为5 h,在此条件下,制得的活性炭的碘吸附值为453 mg/g、得率为47.09％.在优化条件下,制得的活性炭的碘吸附值和得率与预测值基本符合,所以据响应面法原理,对相关影响因素进行试验优化设计可行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.