粗晶材料缺陷的超声检测信号识别

粗晶材料缺陷的超声检测信号识别刘镇清，李成林，魏墨对于非均匀材料，超声无损检测技术受到能否有效区分有用信号与背景噪声的限制，目前人们大多倾向使用频率分隔与统计算法来提高粗品材料一种非均匀材料）中相对颗粒的缺陷回波比例．本文则介绍一种用Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ分布...     

粗晶材料缺陷的超声检测信号识别

对于非均匀材料，超声无损检测技术受到能否有效区分有用信号与背景噪声的限制，目前人们大多倾向使用频率分隔与统计算法来提高粗晶材料（一种非均匀材料件相对颗粒散射的缺陷回波比例．文中介绍一种用Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ分布作特征提取、用前馈网络自动识别超声散射回波中的缺陷信号．由于普通的人工神经网络要求输入信号的特征与时间起始点无关，因此采取了一种数学变换方式来实现这一要求，这样训练好的网络就有很强的识别能力．在实验中，正确识别率达到９０％．所述方法对其他非均匀介质的超声检测与评价工作也有益处．     

粗晶材料缺的超声检测信号识别

对于非均匀材料，超声无损检测技术受到能否有效区分有用信号与背景噪声的限制，目前人们大多倾向使频率分隔与统计算法来提高粗晶材料中相对颗粒散射的缺陷回波比例。文中介绍一种用Ｗｉｇｎｅｒ分布作特征提取，用前馈网络自动识别超声散射回波中的缺陷信号。     

基于经验模态分解去噪的粗晶材料超声检测

粗晶材料超声检测中,结构噪声严重降低了检测信号的信噪比,缺陷反射难以识别.为了增强检测信号信噪比,提高粗晶材料超声检测的可靠性,采用经验模态分解(EMD)技术对检测信号进行去噪处理,通过3次样条插值形成波形包络,并利用信号的特征时间尺度将非线性、非平稳检测信号自适应的分解成多个本征模态函数(IMF)之和,从而获得信号高阶成份和趋势.利用EMD的这种特性对低信噪比模拟信号进行处理,并将处理结果与小波去噪结果进行对比,信噪比获得更大提高.通过对粗晶材料实测信号进行去噪实验,结果表明EMD去噪具有更强的自适应能力,且需知的原信号先验信息更少.     

基于TFM的奥氏体不锈钢成像算法检测

以奥氏体不锈钢为研究对象,针对现有超声相控阵技术,用仿真软件建立了大小为50 mm×50 mm的声源平面.在声源平面上建立了超声相控阵声场的可视化仿真模型,仿真了中心频率为5 MHz,阵元数为16的线性阵列换能器,按照TFM算法要求的规则采集回波信号并成像,并与现有超声相控阵成像结果进行系统地比较,发现TFM可以更准确地获得缺陷的位置信息,将TFM应用于超声相控阵检测,可以获得较好的缺陷检测效果.     

奥氏体不锈钢焊缝的相控阵超声检测

由于奥氏体不锈钢焊缝晶粒组织粗大以及结构的各向异性导致超声声束的散射和畸变,其超声检测比较困难。本文分析了奥氏体不锈钢焊缝超声检测特性,在奥氏体不锈钢焊缝试块上进行了常规超声和相控阵超声检测试验。研究结果表明:对于10 mm深焊缝缺陷,相控阵超声检测信噪比可达14 dB,而常规超声技术仅获得6 dB的信噪比,对于30 mm深内部缺陷,均未取得较好的效果。     

小波分析与人工神经网络结合对混凝土缺陷超声信号识别的应用

混凝土缺陷的无损检测的准确率和可靠性一直不太理想.本文根据混凝土缺陷超声检测信号非稳态的特点,利用小波包变换提取反映缺陷性质的特征值,并运用神经网络模式识别技术对特征值进行缺陷识别.预制了一组具有裂缝缺陷的混凝土试件,并对其进行了检测,检测结果表明利用小波包变换与人工神经网络相结合的方法进行缺陷识别,可使缺陷位置和范围的判别获得较高的准确率.     

碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷的超声相控阵检测方法

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)具有相对密度小、比强度和比模量大等优点,被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车等领域。碳纤维复合材料在生产和服役过程中容易产生分层缺陷,将严重影响其力学性能。鉴于此,开展了碳纤维复合材料分层缺陷的超声相控阵检测方法研究。首先,利用超声相控阵检测仪器测量了不同大小和位置的分层缺陷超声A扫描信号;其次,通过设置A扫描信号的闸门,提取闸门内的幅值和深度信息作为表征分层缺陷大小和位置的信号特征;最后,利用提取的幅值和深度信号特征分别构建了分层缺陷的C扫描图像。结果表明,超声相控阵技术对分层缺陷有良好的成像效果,基于深度特征的图像可以准确识别分层缺陷的位置;而基于深度和幅值特征的图像用于识别分层缺陷的轮廓。     

奥氏体不锈钢焊缝裂纹高度测量技术研究

奥氏体不锈钢管道焊缝的超声相控阵检测中,双晶纵波超声技术是一种有效的检测手段,但在测量裂纹高度时会产生一定程度的误差.本文理论分析了产生误差的原因,利用奥氏体不锈钢试块不同深度的横孔进行了修正实验,总结了双晶相控阵的缺陷深度测量误差规律.之后在含自然缺陷的奥氏体不锈钢管道试块上进行了相控阵检测,测量了裂纹高度,对比了裂纹高度的直接测量值、修正测量值和设计值.结果表明修正后的裂纹高度误差范围由之前的-2.4～1.8mm变为-2～-0.2mm,误差均方根由1.61mm变为0.98mm,均有明显降低,修正后的结果更加接近裂纹缺陷真实高度,提高了检测精度.     

探头位置对玻璃钢抽油杆检测缺陷信号的影响

利用微波对玻璃钢抽油杆模拟缺陷进行无损检测 ,在信号源功率、频率以及发射探头和穿透接收探头形式确定的前提下 ,改变穿透接收探头与被测试件之间的相对位置对于缺陷信号的灵敏度、分辨率有很大的影响 .在采用双通道检测时 ,穿透接收探头处于与被测试件 80～ 1 40 mm位置对缺陷信号的反映程度与其处于 1～ 2 0 mm位置有明显的区别 :反射信号波没有明显的变化 ,而穿透法所反映的信号波却发生了很大变化 ,缺陷处信号波部分成为封闭的矩形条 ,矩形条的高度相同 ,宽度不同 .矩形条的宽度是缺陷实际大小的综合反映 ,与穿透探头处于 1～ 2 0 mm相比 ,有无缺陷一目了然且便于计算机识别 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.