维纳控制论思想方法述评

维纳在总结当时关于自动控制、无线电通讯和电子计算机的实践经验,并吸收生物学、医学和神经生理学最新成果的基础上,突破传统的机械还原论的方法,通过行为把反馈与目的联系起来,在行为和功能的意义上,统一了生物系统和技术系统,将目的性赋予了机器,从而解决了原因与目的的关系这一哲学难题。不仅如此,维纳在创立控制论过程中,把行为主义的观点和行为类比、黑箱方法、功能模拟方法、信息的观点和方法,统计的观点和方法结合成有机整体,形成了控制论特有的方法论。     

好玩的数学——维纳的年龄

维纳(1894-1964),美国著名数学家,控制论的创始人。作为著名的神童,维纳在3岁时就开始读写,8岁时已学完初级教程,并作为一名特殊学生进入中学学习。11岁,维纳上了大学。年纪轻轻时,维纳就获得了哈佛大学博士学位。据说,在博士学     

巧用年龄出妙题

控制论的创始人——诺伯特·维纳,是一位多才多艺、学识渊博的科学家。在其50多年的科学生涯中,他先后涉足哲学、数学、物理学、工程学和生物学等学科,     

论文学创作中的调节控制

控制论一词来源于希腊文,在柏拉图的著作中是“掌舵术”的意思。可以说,“掌舵术”就是控制论的本质。控制论是由电子技术、无线电通信、自动控制、数理逻辑、统计力学、生物学等许多科学和技术相互渗透而构成的一门新兴的综合性学科,它的任务在于研究各种系统的控制与调节的一般规律。在世界上比较系统地阐述控制论原理和规律的是美国的诺伯特·维纳。控制论从一开始就不独是自然科学的,它实际上存在于自然和社会科学领域     

控制论探源

在控制论的科学源流中，自动化是基本的推动力量，理论上的启示主要来自生物学，技术奠基于微电流工程，科学方法论为人们提供了正确的指导.维纳综合诸方面成果，完成了控制论的创建工作.     

“控制论”在语言教学中的分析运用

控制论是一种综合性的横断科学,它的创立和发展为其它学科的发展开辟了新的途径.控制论的出现也给我们提供了解决问题的新方法.语言教学是一门集听、说、读、写为一体的教学,这个教学过程不仅仅是一个简单的识记过程,从控制论的角度来看它还蕴含着丰富的内容,无论是量的把握还是度的控制都影响着整个教学环节和教学质量的好坏.     

对计算机科技原理的若干哲学思考

计算机的基本理论基础是控制论、信息论、系统论。 控制论首先在机器与生物的目的性行为之间建立了类比联系,也就是功能模拟法。维纳的控制论运用“黑箱”理论,从功能上描述和模仿系统对环境影响的反应方式,一般无须分析系统的内部机制与个别要素,不追求模型的结构与原型相同。具体地说,在计算机科技领域,用输入装置模拟人的感觉器来接受外部信息,用存贮器模拟人脑的记忆功能,用运算器模拟人脑的判断、选择、计算功能,用控制器模拟人脑在整个思维运动过程中有条不紊地指挥各     

文物保护学的理论探讨

文物保护就是采取管理与技术措施控制文物病害,减缓文物的劣化,保存文物所蕴含的价值信息,是一门应用性学科,长期以来,一直缺乏自己的基础理论,难以形成一门独立的学科.控制论和风险管理理论为研究文物保护提供了科学手段,基于文物保护学的特点,探讨了通过风险管理理论对文物的风险进行识别、评估、决策,采用控制论研究文物风险系统,进...     

自然控制论

自然控制论ＮａｔｕｒａｌＣｙｂｅｒｎｅｔｉｃｓ￥／／曾庆存（中国科学院大气物理研究所，研究员、中科院院士北京１０００２９）一、自然控制论的定义和发展人类在发展的历史中，不断适应和认识自然界，也不断自觉或不自觉地利用和改造着自然环境，其中包括局部地改善...     

动态模式经济控制论模型的模糊形式研究

动态模式经济控制论模型的模糊形式是以当前我国经济体制改革的宏观调控为背景开发的一种反映市场经济活动下调控行为更适合现实的经济模型形式．本文将着重分析宏观调控的行为，比较ＦＤＹＰＥＣＭ与ＤＹＰＥＣＭ，讨论ＦＤＹＰＥＣＭ的结构，以及它和Ｆｕｚｚｙ系统的关系和性质．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.