麦红吸浆虫土壤虫态的空间分布型及其抽样技术的研究

小麦红吸浆虫的幼虫和圆茧在土壤中均呈聚集分布，前者随虫口密度的增高其聚集强度增强，后者则随虫口密度的增高趋于均匀。应用ＩｗａｏＭ＊－Ｍ回归法求得理论抽样数模型，从而导出在一定置信概率七、允许误差Ｄ和不同虫口密度下的理论抽样数Ｎ。采用Ｉｗａｏ提出的序贯抽样法得到幼虫的序贯抽样型。     

花椒园棉蚜种群空间格局及抽样技术研究

运用7种聚集度指标和2种回归分析方法考察了棉蚜在花椒园里的空间格局及动态规律．结果表明：种群密度较低时呈均匀分布,较高时呈聚集分布．分布的基本成分是个体群,且个体间相互吸引．在花椒园里棉蚜发生期间,成虫和若虫都处于扩散和聚集交替进行的动态过程中,这与该虫的生物学特性和环境条件的异质性有关．在以上研究结果的基础上,确定了不同虫口密度下的理论抽样数模型及序贯抽样模型,表明在相同精度下,密度较低时,Taylor幂法所求出的抽样数较lwao法小;随着密度的增大,Taylor幂法所求出的抽样数较1wao法大．     

沿江棉区棉田棉铃虫卵的空间格局

对安徽沿江棉田棉铃虫卵的空间分布动态规律进行了调查研究,结果表明棉铃虫卵在棉田的聚集程度随发生代次而逐渐增强,发现不同代次虫口密度相同对理论抽样数明显不同,提出了沿江各代估值调查中的理论抽样数,并对几种空间格局模型拟合棉铃虫的空间分布情况作了比较。     

云南松楚雄腮扁叶蜂幼虫在表土层的空间分布特点及理论抽样数

楚雄腮扁叶蜂是云南省的一种重要的针叶树食叶害虫,云南松是其主要寄主树种。为了解云南松楚雄腮扁叶蜂幼虫在表土层的空间分布格局,运用聚集度指标、Lloyd幂法则以及Iwao的m^*-m回归分析法进行了测定和分析。结果表明:无论是方位还是土层深度,楚雄腮扁叶蜂幼虫在表土层为聚集分布,其空间分布格局符合负二项分布; 楚雄腮扁叶蜂幼虫集中分布在0～10 cm深度表土层中,其幼虫在水平和垂直方位表土层中的平均虫口密度间差异不显著。根据空间分布参数,建立了精度分别为0.1、0.2和0.3时的理论抽样模型,依次为N_0.1=6 788.11/m+3.85,N_0.2=1 697.03/m+0.96,N_0.3=753.98/m+0.43。该模型适用于不同虫口密度下的楚雄腮扁叶蜂幼虫林间抽样,当其虫口密度为20、50、80头/m²时,可分别计算出应取样86、35和22个样方。     

诺木洪白枸杞瘤瘿螨的空间分布型及抽样技术

本文对诺木洪白枸杞瘤瘿螨虫瘿在不同时间东、南、西、北4个方位和上、中、下3层的空间分布做了调查,采用7种聚集度指标和6种回归模型检验确定白枸杞瘤瘿螨虫瘿的空间分布型,确定田间理论抽样数。结果表明:白枸杞瘤瘿螨虫瘿的空间分布型为聚集分布,并且虫瘿内瘿螨个体间相互排斥;白枸杞瘤瘿螨虫瘿在田间的最适理论抽样模型为:n=t2/D2(-6.43m+0.359)。     

梨茎蜂卵空间分布型及抽样技术研究

文章对梨茎蜂卵的空间分布型及抽样技术进行了研究,结果表明：梨茎蜂卵为聚集分布。用泊松、奈曼、负二项分布的三种公式进行拟合表明,卵为负二项分布。文章还列出了不同允许误差下的理论抽样数表及不同防治阀值的序贯抽样表。     

梨茎蜂卵空间分布型及抽样技术研究

文章对梨茎蜂卵的空间分布型及抽样技术进行了研究，结果表明；梨茎蜂卵为聚集分布。用泊松、奈曼、负二项分布的三种公式进行拟合表明，卵为负二项分布。文章还列出了不同允许误差下的理论抽样数表及不同防治阀值的序贯抽样表。     

稻粉虱若虫空间分布型和抽样技术的研究

稻粉虱若虫空间分布型测定结果表明 :(1)频次分布检验结果为负二项分布和核心分布 ;(2 )聚集度指标测定为聚集分布 ;(3) Iwao的线性回归方程为 m* =0 .76 5 5 + 1.6 778m,属于聚集分布。在空间分布型研究基础上 ,探讨了资料代换模式、Iwao序贯抽样模型和最适抽样数模型     

白背飞虱不同虫态的空间分布型及变动规律

经过对白背飞虱不同虫态在同一生境内空间格局进行连续测定,表明其仅在田间初始低密度情况下呈现随机或均匀分布,一般均为聚集分布．分布参数显示白背飞虱种群为负二项分布,基本成分是个体群;低龄若虫有较高的聚集度;高龄若虫及成虫活动能力强,空间分布图式趋于个体;不同虫态平均密度（Ｘ）与方差（Ｓ２）用负二项分布曲线公式Ｓ２＝Ｘ＋Ｘ２／Ｋｃ配合良好;采用种群聚集均数（λ）测定,平均密度２．５５头／丛是判定聚集原因的临界值．采用Ｉｗａｏ理论抽样模式,得出不同密度下的理论抽样数,并建立序贯抽样模式,可应用于田间抽样．     

广西沙塘林场马尾松毛虫越冬代幼虫空间分布型

于2009年1月采用棋盘式抽样方法,调查广西沙塘林场马尾松毛虫(DendrolimuspunctatusWalker.)越冬代幼虫虫口密度,采用分布型指数及回归模型法探讨马尾松毛虫越冬代幼虫空间分布型。结果表明,广西沙塘林场马尾松毛虫越冬代幼虫的空间分布型呈聚集型分布,分布的基本成分为个体群;马尾松毛虫越冬实际累积虫数为1190条,低于拒绝限下界(1347),说明不需要进行松林全面防治。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.