基于超声纵波的新型容器压力检测方法

压力容器是一种常见的工业设备,为了保证生产过程的顺利进行,经常需要检测它们的压力。根据弹塑性力学和薄膜理论,分析了容器受力。超声波在介质中的传播速度受到应力的影响,而圆筒容器应力与压力存在固定的函数关系,因此,以应力为中间变量,推导了纵波传播速度与压力之间的关系公式。针对纵波速度不易直接测量的难题,采用了广义互相关算法测量超声波在一定距离内的传播时间变化量,最终建立了纵波测压模型。实验结果验证了测量方法的正确性和测量装置的可用性。     

一种高精度超声波测距方法的研究

介绍了超声波在空气中的传播原理,分析了超声波测距产生测量误差的主要原因,即环境温度变化引起速度的变化,回波前沿的确定偏差引起测量时间的误差是引起测距误差的主要原因.提出通过温度测量修正传播速度,应用双比较器整形结合软件查找回波前沿以提高空气中测量精度的方法.在此基础上,设计了相应的超声波测距系统并与单比较器测量系统进行了对比实验,研究表明,双比较器整形方法能够有效的提高测量精度,而且相对其他高精度超声波测距方法,该方法电路简单.图4,表2,参8.     

不同条件下花岗岩中声波传播速度的规律

应用超声波混凝土测试仪(TICO),系统研究了含水率、裂纹、应力和温度对花岗岩内波速传播的影响.实验发现含水率对波速影响比较大,饱和岩样的声波传播速度高于不饱和岩样的声波传播速度;人工预制裂纹对声波传播速度影响不大;单轴压缩条件下,声波传播速度随应变增加逐渐降低;在同一温度(160℃)下,波速随保温时间的增加而逐渐降低;在对岩样逐渐加热情况下,初始加热阶段波速略有升高,当温度达到60℃时,岩样波速达到峰值,之后随着温度继续升高其波速逐渐下降;波速随温度变化具有一定的尺寸效应.实验结果表明,声波在岩石内传播速度受很多外在因素影响,并具有一定的传播规律.     

一种动态社交网络上的传播源点定位方法

在线社交网络的拓扑会随时间而发生改变,使得确定潜在的传播源点非常困难.为此,提出一种考虑网络动态变化的传播源点定位方法,通过对网络演化建模,推断传播拓扑,从而准确定位信息源点.首先采用基于双曲几何学的链接分析方法,推断网络在传播过程中的拓扑变化,然后基于传播拓扑进行源点定位.在实际网络及合成网络上进行了大规模的实验,结果证明了算法的可行性.     

基于TDOA的超声波测距误差分析与改进

基于TDOA的超声波测距模型认为距离为声波的速度与时间差之积,忽略了温度等因素对速度的影响,此外,系统计时的误差影响了时间差测量,导致测距精度不高.分析了基于TDOA原理的超声波测距系统误差的主要来源,建立模型,通过实验对温度、距离衰减及时间差测量进行补偿,利用超声波反射特性对障碍物进行测距,并利用多探头在一定程度上削...     

基于全相位的超声波流量计时延估计

针对在实际的超声波传输时间的测量中,接收波形起始点不能确定,导致脉冲计数不准的问题,提出全相位相位差时延估计方法,根据全相位的"时不变特性"得到超声波信号的时延估计。首先分别对超声波正逆程信号做全相位频谱分析,根据频谱分析的结果计算出正逆程信号的相位差,再根据相位差与时间差的关系推导出时间差,得到超声波信号的时延估计。当超声波流量计的基波频率为1 MHz,采样频率为12. 5 MHz,采样点数为507,A/D采样位数为11位时,用该算法分别求超声波大流量数据、干扰数据、静态水数据的时间差,实验结果表明,该时延估计方法能有效地减小超声波传输时间的测量误差,测量误差分别约为33、44、6. 5 ns,比数据延拓式相关法的时间差测量精度高,从而提高超声波流量计的流量测量精度。     

基于全相位的超声信号的时延估计

针对在实际的超声波传输时间的测量中,接收波形起始点不能确定,导致脉冲计数不准的问题,提出全相位相位差时延估计方法,该方法根据全相位的“时不变特性”得到超声波信号的时延估计。首先分别对超声波正逆程信号做全相位频谱分析,根据频谱分析的结果计算出正逆程信号的相位差,再根据相位差与时间差的关系推导出时间差,得到超声波信号的时延估计。当超声波流量计的基波频率为1 Mhz,采样频率为12.5 Mhz,采样点数为507,A/D采样位数为11位时,用该算法分别求超声波大流量数据、干扰数据、静态水数据的时间差,实验结果表明,该时延估计方法能有效地减小超声波传输时间的测量误差,测量误差分别约为33 ns、44 ns、6.5 ns,比数据延拓式相关法的时间差测量精度高,从而提高超声波流量计的流量测量精度。     

基于超声波声衰减的甲烷浓度测量方法

依据混合气体中的声衰减系数随气体成分改变而变化的特性,研究了声波的衰减与介质本身性质的关系,提出了甲烷浓度的声衰减检测方法.通过测量超声波在不同介质中的声衰减强度,建立甲烷浓度与声衰减系数的数学模型,并结合测量电路实现对检测方法的验证.实验结果表明,在甲烷浓度比较低时,超声波接收探头测量出的声衰减系数与甲烷浓度呈线性关系.浓度相对误差小于2%,符合国家测量标准,可推广到其他气体浓度检测中.     

超声波CT在桥梁T型梁质量检测中的应用

超声波CT是利用超声波在测试目标体中的传播时间,重建弹性波速度分布的一种无损检测方法.通过使用专用设备记录超声波从震源到接收探头之间的传播时间,并据此进行波速计算、反演等,通过分析软件分析构件内声波传播速度的分布特征,间接获得构件强度以及构件内部均匀性等信息.此方法在大型混凝土构件无损检测中进行了实际应用,与其它测试手段相比,超声波CT测试技术具有较高的工作效率、精度且测试结果直观.该方法不仅可以进行构件缺陷检测,结合同批次混凝土制作试块的室内单轴抗压强度试验结果,还可以对构件进行强度评价,是大型混凝土构件中缺陷普查的首选方法.     

微小运动放大及其在超声波传播中的应用

针对在具有复杂残余应力的材料中超声波传播视频信号极其微弱、难以看清其传播过程的问题,采用微小运动放大方法揭示超声波传播视频中人眼难以看见的微小运动,研究了线性欧拉视频放大方法(EVM)和基于相位的视频运动放大方法(PBVM)在超声波传播中的应用.提出了基于可操纵金字塔的微小运动放大方法,通过对一段标准视频序列进行可操纵金字塔空间分解、时域滤波,放大得到的信号以揭示微小的运动.实验结果表明:该方法在图像噪声方面比EVM更不敏感,在计算时间方面该方法比PBVM用时更短.对EVM,PBVM和本方法进行了对比验证,并在超声波传播视频中进行了应用,效果良好.提出的方法也可应用于机械和结构的状态检测中.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-