铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的耐磨性

应用微弧氧化这一高新表面改性技术在LY12铝合金表面形成陶瓷膜层，并对其在常温下的耐磨性能进行了对比测试与分析。实验结果表明，微弧氧化陶瓷膜层的表面磨损外观比较均匀，磨损痕迹也比较轻微，其表而硬度达到2500HV，是基体的10倍以上。由此可见，微弧氧化技术大大改善了铝合金表面耐磨特性和硬度。     

微弧氧化WE43镁合金人工髋关节摩擦磨损行为研究

在硅酸钠体系中对WE43镁合金人工髋关节进行微弧氧化,采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察微弧氧化膜层表面微观形貌,进而进行摩擦磨损性能试验,探讨其磨损机制。结果表明,经微弧氧化后可得到生长均匀、致密的氧化层;微弧氧化膜层具有一定的减摩效果和抗循环疲劳的能力,抗磨效果良好;微弧氧化WE43镁合金在低中载荷下磨损机制为磨粒磨损,高载荷下为磨粒磨损与剥落磨损并存。     

微弧氧化锻铝表面形成陶瓷膜的工艺研究

用自行研制的微弧氧化电源在锻铝表面生成了氧化物陶瓷膜.观察了膜层表面形貌,测试了表面硬度,探讨了微弧放电对陶瓷膜和基体性能组织的影响.结果表明：锻铝表面的陶瓷膜随氧化时间的延长而增厚,但随氧化时间的继续增加膜层不再增厚;陶瓷膜的表面硬度是基体硬度的10倍以上,大大提高了材料表面的耐磨、耐蚀特性.     

铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的组织与性能研究

利用等离子体微弧氧化工艺在LY12合金表面制备了陶瓷膜,对陶瓷膜微观组织结构、力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,陶瓷膜具有内部致密层和外部疏松层两层结构,膜层与铝基体为冶金结合。陶瓷膜的硬度和弹性模量硬度和弹性模量最大可分别达到25 GPa和300 GPa,陶瓷膜经300℃—15℃热冲击循环40次无裂纹、无膜层脱落现象。黑色陶瓷膜与轴承钢在空气中的摩擦系数为0.25—0.37,表现出良好的耐磨性能。     

微弧氧化处理提高AZ31B镁合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的耐蚀性

为提高镁合金焊接接头的耐蚀性,对6mm厚的AZ31B板材搅拌摩擦焊焊缝进行微弧氧化处理,并研究焊缝的微观组织、截面显微硬度及其微弧氧化前后的耐蚀性.结果表明:接头的微观组织明显分为3个区域:焊核区、热机械影响区及热影响区,并且接头整体硬度低于母材,焊接时焊核部位出现软化现象,导致其硬度最低.盐水浸泡实验和电化学测试表明,微弧氧化前焊缝的耐蚀性低于母材,经过微弧氧化处理后,焊缝表面形成一层致密光滑的陶瓷膜,极大提高其耐蚀性.并且,经同工艺微弧氧化处理后,焊缝表面微弧氧化膜要比母材的微弧氧化膜厚.     

铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的微观结构和耐蚀性

采用非对称方波输出模式的恒流交流电源,利用微弧氧化方法在铝合金表面沉积Al2O3陶瓷膜,考察了微弧氧化工艺参数(电流密度、处理时间)对膜层微观结构和耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:工艺参数对膜层组织结构和性能的影响存在较佳的范围,即氧化时间为15-20min,电流密度在20A/dm2左右;氧化时间过短时,试样表面存在陶瓷膜未完全覆盖的区域,而当电流密度过大时,膜层表面将会出现大量的显微裂纹,导致膜层性能大幅度降低;在恒流非对称方波输出模式下,工艺参数对膜层的相组成影响不大,微弧氧化膜层由晶态Al2O3和非晶态Al2O3组成.     

铝合金表面纳米化--微弧氧化复合涂层摩擦行为

通过表面机械研磨处理在LY12CZ铝合金表面制备表面纳米化( SNC)过渡层,再采用微弧氧化( MAO)技术对纳米晶过渡层进行微结构重构,设计制备出纳米化-微弧氧化( SNC-MAO)复合涂层,并对比研究了铝合金表面微弧氧化涂层及纳米化-微弧氧化复合涂层的摩擦学行为。与微弧氧化涂层相比,纳米化-微弧氧化复合涂层因硬度较高而具有较好的耐磨性。微弧氧化涂层及纳米化-微弧氧化复合涂层与GCr15钢球对磨时具有相同的磨损机理,为对磨钢球向涂层的材料转移和氧化磨损。     

微弧氧化对7050铝合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在7050铝合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)表征陶瓷膜微观结构,采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了微弧氧化膜对7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响.结果表明:微弧氧化膜层由表面疏松层与内部致密层组成,表面疏松层主要由Al2O3组成,内部致密层由氧化铝与铝烧结而成.微弧氧化膜层可以有效抑制7050铝合金表面的腐蚀萌生及明显降低腐蚀速率,且使7050铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性出现显著下降.     

NiAl-2.5Ta-7.5Cr合金的室温摩擦磨损性能

采用SEM和XRD分析Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr合金的微观组织,用万能力学试验机测试合金的力学性能,用高速往复摩擦磨损试验机研究合金的室温摩擦磨损特性。研究结果表明:Ni Al-2.5Ta-7.5Cr合金由Ni Al相、Ni Al-Cr共晶和Cr2Ta相组成,其强度和塑性良好。在低P1/2·v(P为载荷,v为速度)下,合金的磨损机制为磨粒磨损,随着P1/2·v的增加,摩擦热效应增强,合金的磨损机制逐渐转变为黏着磨损,摩擦因数和磨损率增加;当P1/2·v0.54N1/2·m/s时,摩擦热效应逐渐导致摩擦表面形成了无定形层,无定形层具有自修复特性,部分或全部隔离了摩擦副的直接接触,磨损机制逐渐转变为氧化磨损,磨损率快速降低后保持稳定,摩擦因数逐渐降低;当P1/2·v≥4.02N1/2·m/s时,合金磨损表面开始出现疲劳磨损特征,表面剥落导致合金的磨损率升高。     

碳化钨涂层高温摩擦磨损行为

采用爆炸喷涂技术制备了碳化钨涂层,利用HT-1000高温摩擦磨损试验机研究了碳化钨涂层高温下摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析了涂层磨损表面形貌、元素分布和相结构.结果表明:碳化钨涂层由雪花片状颗粒堆叠而成,如山地状,结合紧密.定温条件下,摩擦因数随着试验温度升高而减小,试验温度为550℃时,摩擦因数最小;磨损量随着温度升高而增大,550℃时,磨损量由于配副材料的转移出现了负增加.温度低于350℃时,磨损表面具有撕裂、轻微黏着和磨粒磨损痕迹;在550℃时,磨损表面发生了剥落、严重黏着和氧化磨损.连续升温条件下,温度低于300℃时,摩擦因数较小,在350~550℃范围内,摩擦因数波动较大;磨损表面以剥层、黏着和氧化磨损为主.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.