基于自适应采样速率交互式概率数据关联的机动目标跟踪算法

在交互式多模型和概率数据关联算法融合的基础上,又将自适应采样速率算法融合到交互式多模型概率数据关联滤波器中,提出了自适应采样速率交互式概率数据关联算法,该算法不但能有效地跟踪高速机动的目标,且能使系统的采样间隔根据目标的运动状态做自适应调整. 仿真结果表明该算法扩大了机动目标的跟踪范围,且对高速机动的目标有很好的跟踪效果和较强的跟踪精度.     

基于模糊逻辑和机动检测的AGIMM跟踪算法

针对机动目标高机动和多阶段运动的特性,单模型跟踪算法难以实现精确跟踪的问题,提出一种基于模糊逻辑和机动检测的AGIMM跟踪算法。考虑现有的AGIMM算法网格模型收敛速度慢和机动检测方法过于依赖模型后验概率的问题,首先引入模糊逻辑算法计算机动检测的可信度,然后利用机动检测可信度信息、目标的机动信息和模型的后验概率调整跟踪模型集的结构,克服了AGIMM算法模型收敛速度慢的不足,实现了模型与目标运动模式的快速匹配。仿真结果表明:与AGIMM算法和固定结构交互式多模型算法相比,文中提出的算法使得不同条件下的位置跟踪误差分别至少降低5.6%和15.1%,说明该算法具有更快的模型收敛速度和更高的目标跟踪精度。     

自适应模型集交互式多模型算法

针对交互式多模型(IMM)算法的目标跟踪精度问题,提出了一种自适应模型集IMM算法.利用IMM算法中的模型概率含义,并以此对模型集的收缩比例因子进行设计,这样模型集通过向中心模型收敛可完成自适应调整,而自适应调整过程能有效、实时地利用观测信息.仿真实验结果表明,所提算法能有效跟踪机动目标,而且比IMM算法的跟踪精度更高,但其受到目标机动模型的先验性的限制.     

基于交互式多模型Kalman滤波的手势跟踪算法研究

针对任意变形手势跟踪过程中,手势运动轨迹方向发生改变时,传统滤波跟踪算法跟踪精度迅速下降的问题,提出了一种基于交互式多模型Kalman滤波的改进型手势跟踪算法。该算法在传统非机动状态空间模型的基础上增添了两个机动模型,以更加准确的描述手势的状态空间。首先采用三个不同模型分别描述不同的目标运行模式;同时,以模型匹配似然函数为基础更新模型概率;最终组合所有滤波器修正后的状态估计值以得到最优状态估计。实验对比结果表明,该算法能够取得较高地跟踪精度。     

基于期望极大化算法的转弯机动目标跟踪

针对目标做转弯机动时产生的运动模式的不确定性问题，提出了基于期望极大化（EM）算法的转弯机动目标跟踪算法，采用转弯速率来描述目标的转弯机动，并将转弯速率作为待估量，用EM算法对转弯速率序列进行估计，从而获得对目标状态的精确估计．最后，给出了该算法的批处理形式和递推形式．新算法有效地提高了目标的跟踪精度．Monte—Carlo仿真表明，与标准的交互式多模型算法相比，批处理EM算法使目标的位置和速度的跟踪精度提高了70％以上，当转弯速率处于稳态时，递推EM算法使目标的位置和速度的跟踪精度提高了20％以上．     

目标机动性未知时的多平台交互式多模型融合算法

多平台的交互式多模型（IMM）Kalman滤波器是一种比较有效的机动目标跟踪估计方法．但当目标存在未知机动时,基于模型的估计器的精度就会下降．目标跟踪中的输入估计技术可对未知机动性进行估计．本文在给出过程噪声和量测噪声相关情况下最小方差无偏（MVU）输入、状态滤波估计的基础上,提出了基于上述滤波器的分布式IMM多传感器多平台融合算法．仿真表明了该算法的有效性．     

稳健的交互多模型转移概率选择算法

交互多模算法(IMM)是机动目标跟踪中最常使用的方法之一,但其计算量大、过程较复杂.针对交互多模型转移概率矩阵选取问题,结合目标机动检测理论,提出稳健的交互多模型转移概率选择算法.该方法通过判别机动和非机动目标,确定转移概率矩阵主对角线元素值,并进行了仿真实验.结果显示,新方法简便可靠,提高了总体的滤波效果.     

杂波环境下机动输入序列和量测序列的联合最优估计

为了提高在杂波环境下跟踪机动目标的精度,提出了一种新的基于期望极大化（EM）算法的机动目标状态估计方法,首先建立了基于EM算法的最大后验概率意义下的状态估计数学模型,然后采用离散优化技术解决EM算法中的极大化问题,最终确定出作用于系统的实际机动输入序列,同时分离出源于目标的量测序,进而获得对目标状态更精确的估计,它有效地解决了最大后验概率状态估计中的不完全数据问题,Monte-Carlo仿真结果表明,新算法比传统的交互式多模型概率数据关联算法具有更优越的跟踪性能。     

基于多模型与滚动时域估计的机动目标跟踪算法

针对受限于已知物理约束的机动目标,提出了一种目标跟踪算法。针对机动目标的不同运动模式,采用多模型组合的方法进行了近似;针对目标的已知物理约束,采用滚动时域估计方法进行处理,并将其作为状态估计的先验信息来提高估计精度;最终通过设计多模型结构的状态估计演化方程、改进滚动时域估计的误差协方差矩阵更新公式,给出了一种多模型结构与滚动时域估计相结合的机动目标跟踪算法。仿真结果表明:该算法与自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)、交互式多模型(IMM)算法相比,可以对具有物理约束的机动目标进行更好的跟踪。     

基于交互式多模型Kalman滤波的手势跟踪算法

针对任意变形手势跟踪过程中,手势运动轨迹方向发生改变时,传统滤波跟踪算法跟踪精度迅速下降的问题,提出了一种基于交互式多模型Kalman滤波的改进型手势跟踪算法。该算法在传统非机动状态空间模型的基础上增添了两个机动模型,以更加准确的描述手势的状态空间。首先采用三个不同模型分别描述不同的目标运行模式;同时,以模型匹配似然函数为基础更新模型概率;最终组合所有滤波器修正后的状态估计值以得到最优状态估计。实验对比结果表明,该算法能够取得较高地跟踪精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.