江苏发现B型烟粉虱危害

烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)又称棉粉虱、木薯粉虱,1889年在希腊的烟草上首先发现并被命名. 这是一种世界性分布的多食性害虫,可危害十字花科、茄科、葫芦科、豆科、菊科、锦葵科等74科500余种植物, 是蔬菜、花卉、烟草、棉花等作物的重要害虫. 该虫可直接刺吸植株汁液,导致植株萎蔫,严重时可导致植株死亡. 若虫和成虫还分泌蜜露,诱发煤污病,严重影响植物光合作用. 烟粉虱还可在30多种作物上传播70多种病毒病. 据报道,目前中国已有17个省(市、自治区)有该虫发生,并有迅速蔓延和暴发危害之势. 江苏境内迄今尚未见烟粉虱的报道. 2001年3月30日笔者在江苏仪征某花卉生产基地的一品红(Euphorbia pulcherrima)上首次发现烟粉虱,经鉴定,其烟粉虱属为害能力较强的B型烟粉虱(亦称银叶粉虱). 室内接虫试验表明:该虫对黄瓜、西葫芦、瓠瓜、番茄、辣椒、茄子、豇豆、落葵等江苏主要蔬菜都可造成危害,并对转基因Bt抗虫棉也有较强的危害. 烟粉虱是一种暴发性的害虫,也是江苏的重点调查监控对象之一. 虽然烟粉虱的扩散途径较多,但花卉的调运是初传入的主要途径之一. 因此要加强花卉调运过程中的检疫和花卉生产基地的监控,防止B型烟粉虱在江苏境内进一步扩散危害,对已发现烟粉虱的局部地区要迅速采取措施加以扑灭. 同时要加强江苏地区B型烟粉虱的生物学和生态学的研究,为防治和治理奠定基础.     

农业外来入侵害虫

昆虫是地球上种类最多的生物,生存于地球上的每个角落。昆虫与人类存在着非常密切的关系,很多昆虫是农业上的重要害虫,而外来入侵昆虫则更有可能成为重要的农业害虫。这里从起源、分布、危害等方面介绍几种主要的农业外来入侵害虫。烟粉虱烟粉虱(Bemisiatabaci)属同翅目、粉虱科,1889年在希腊的烟草上被发现,命名为烟粉虱。现已广泛分布于90多个国家和地区。我国于1949年首次记载,现分布于东南沿海13个省市。烟粉虱主要借助一品红或其他花卉的调运,在全世界范围内进行传播扩散。基因序列分析表明,我国近年来暴发成灾的烟粉虱为B型。它们有…     

陕西地区烟粉虱生物型的鉴定及其危害分析

为探明陕西地区烟粉虱的危害及主要生物型,实地调查了陕西地区主要农作物上烟粉虱的危害状况与发生程度,并利用mt DNACOI基因测序方法,对陕西地区烟粉虱的生物型组成进行了分析鉴定。同源性分析结果表明,B型和Q型烟粉虱是陕西地区烟粉虱种群的主要生物型,其中B型占所测总样本的78.85%,表明陕西省烟粉虱主要生物型仍是B型,但Q型种群比例在增长,不排除有取代B型成为陕西地区烟粉虱主要危害类型的趋势。在陕西地区烟粉虱主要危害的植物是茄科的烟草、甜椒、番茄以及葫芦科的黄瓜、西葫芦,而十字花科植物普遍受害较轻,茄科的马铃薯和豆科的豇豆、豌豆受害最轻。     

微卫星位点BEM06与BEM23鉴别烟粉虱B型与Q型的有效性

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)B型与Q型是烟粉虱复合种中入侵性较强、分布较广的2种生物型,当前在许多地区混合发生。这2种生物型的快速鉴别对其种群动态调查及入侵生态学研究具有重要价值。为了验证微卫星位点BEM06与BEM23鉴别B型与Q型烟粉虱的有效性,本研究分析了这2个微卫星位点的等位基因在国内外17个B型、4个Q型、3个非B/Q型烟粉虱种群的分布特点。结果表明:这2个微卫星位点的联合使用可鉴别B型与Q型烟粉虱,但是无法有效地将B型、Q型与一些非B/Q型烟粉虱某些个体区分开来。结果提示:利用微卫星位点BEM06与BEM23鉴别B型与Q型烟粉虱具有一定的局限性,尤其是田间烟粉虱存在其他生物型时需要慎重使用这种鉴别方法。     

吐鲁番温室番茄病株及传毒烟粉虱的双生病毒检测与鉴定

为了明确吐鲁番地区温室番茄黄化曲叶病的病毒种类及传毒烟粉虱的生物型及携带病毒的情况,本研究利用番茄黄化曲叶病毒的特异引物通过PCR检测和DNA测序,对温室采集的43个番茄病株进行了病毒种类的分子鉴定;利用烟粉虱特异引物和番茄黄化曲叶病毒特异性引物通过PCR检测和DNA测序,对鄯善县温室采集的180头烟粉虱进行了生物型鉴定和带毒检测,并构建了双重PCR检测方法。结果显示:吐鲁番市和鄯善县温室发生的番茄黄化曲叶病的病毒种类为番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV),病株带毒率为39.5%。鄯善县温室发生的烟粉虱主要为Q型烟粉虱,带毒率为67.8%,是主要的传毒介体。本研究建立的双重PCR检测技术,能快速有效地确定Q型烟粉虱的生物型和携带TYLCV的情况。     

新疆番茄黄化曲叶病毒与烟粉虱隐种的区域分布检测

由TYLCV(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus)引起的番茄黄化曲叶病危害严重。为明确该病毒在新疆的发生与分布,本研究利用TYLCV特异引物对采集自新疆南、北和东疆温室及露地的229株表现黄化曲叶症状的番茄样品通过PCR检测其带毒率;为进一步明确TYLCV传毒介体烟粉虱的隐种类型及带毒情况,利用烟粉虱和TYLCV特异引物对番茄上采集的543头烟粉虱进行了MED和MEAM1隐种及带毒率的PCR检测。结果表明:170个病株检测到TYLCV,病株带毒率为74. 2%;烟粉虱MED隐种和MEAM1隐种在新疆均有分布,检出率分别为82. 7%和17. 3%,说明MED隐种是新疆烟粉虱优势种群;烟粉虱MED隐种和MEAM1隐种均可携带TYLCV,带毒率分别为60. 8%和4. 3%,说明MED隐种带毒率远高于MEAM1隐种的带毒率。本研究明确了TYLCV可侵染新疆番茄,且在温室及露地番茄上均主要由烟粉虱优势种群MED隐种携带和传播。     

入侵害虫烟粉虱的两种优势寄生蜂

 烟粉虱MEAM1(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Middle East-Asia Minor 1,也称B 型烟粉虱)是一种世界性的毁灭性的农业入侵害虫。该虫于20 世纪末随国外的一品红运输入侵到中国,由于其繁殖速度快、寄主范围广、易扩散和耐高温等生物学特性,迄今已广泛分布于中国多个省和地区,并多次暴发成灾,造成了极大的经济损失。     

基于mtDNA COI序列的福建B型烟粉虱田间种群分析

本研究对福建B型烟粉虱10个田间种群的线粒体DNA COI基因(mtDNA COI)进行测序,并通过与NCBI数据库上埃及、湖北、武汉3个B型烟粉虱地理种群的mtDNA COI的序列进行比对分析,结果表明在核苷酸多样性、单倍型数、单倍型多样度上,不同地理种群都不一样,但是福建种群这些遗传特征数据显著高于其它地理种群.结合近年来我省田间烟粉虱种群抗药性水平迅速提高这一结果分析,可以推测,在不同杀虫剂压力选择下,不同抗性基因得以在我省不同地理群体中流动,种群内呈现比较明显的抗性遗传分化趋势,群体遗传多样性也更为丰富,表现出烟粉虱对不利环境较强的适应能力.     

西昌地区粉虱科 Ａｌｅｙｒｏｄｉｄａｅ 害虫初调

[目的]明确西昌地区主要粉虱种类及寄主植物 为有效预防粉虱的传播蔓延提供理论依据 [方法]对西昌地区主要 粉虱种类及其寄主进行调查采集 通过制作永久玻片 观察测量粉虱伪蛹的典型特征 根据其形态学特征鉴定粉虱种类 [结 果]在西昌地区 １４ 科 ２２ 种植物上分离鉴定出 ６ 种粉虱 即黑刺粉虱 Ａｌｅｕｒｏｃａｎｔｈｕｓ ｓｐｉｎｉｆｅｒｕｓ、棒粉虱属未鉴定粉虱 Ａｌｅｕｒｏｃｌａｖａ ｓｐ.、烟粉虱 Ｂｅｍｉｓｉａ ｔａｂａｃｉ、孟加拉皮粉虱 Ｐｅａｌｉｕｓ ｂｅｎｇａｌｅｎｓｉｓ、灰粉虱 Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｉｎｕｓ ｐｈｉｌｌｙｒｅａｅ、温室白粉虱 Ｔｒｉａｌｅｕｒｏｄｅｓ ｖａｐｏｒａｒｉｏｒｕｍ 其中烟粉虱为害作物占比最多、分布最广泛 是西昌地区为害最严重的粉虱种类 [结论]西昌地区 １４ 科 ２２ 种植物上有 ６ 属 ６ 种粉虱 其中烟粉虱为优势种     

烟草双生病毒RaMoV在烟粉虱中的检测

苎麻花叶病毒(Ramie mosaic virus,RaMoV)是常见由烟粉虱传播的双生病毒(Geminivirus)。用特异性引物进行PCR检测,结果发现,B型烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)能够在烟草上传播该双生病毒。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to