杭州湾深水航道试挖槽的浮泥沉积机制研究

通过分析杭州式挖槽区泥沙特性，水动力分析，研究浮泥产生及消失的原因，分析计算表明浮泥的形成和消失与潮流底流速有关，当底流速小于临界淤积底流速时，浮泥开始形成；而当底流速大于临界冲刷底流速时，浮泥开始消失，在此基础上，推算出一次浮泥过程对挖槽回淤的影响。     

鄱阳湖黏性底质淤泥固结起动规律试验

为研究鄱阳湖黏性底质淤泥固结起动规律，采用玻璃水槽测量了不同淤积历时及水深条件下黏性底质淤泥起动流速，根据试验数据拟合得到鄱阳湖底质淤泥起动与淤积历时和水深的经验公式，并将结果与相关文献泥沙起动经验公式计算结果进行对比。结果表明，鄱阳湖黏性底质淤泥固结程度随着淤积历时的增加经历了新落淤、固结初期、加速固结、固结稳定4个阶段，起动流速与水深呈正相关关系；淤积1 d起动流速与相关文献泥沙起动经验公式计算结果较接近，淤积历时越长，试验结果与经验公式计算结果相差越大。     

开敞水域斜跨挖槽内流速折减规律研究

开敞水域斜跨挖槽内流速折减规律研究李安中，泥沙研究，１９９３年第３期根据水槽试验，并通过连云港外海航道模型试验及国外资料验证，求得在海区，河口开挖航槽后在潮汐、椭圆流作用下，水流跨过挖槽后引起的流速、流向的变化规律，提出了挖槽轴线、上边坡处垂线平均流...     

长江口拦门沙航道(北槽)回淤分析

北槽是长江四个出口之一.在拦门沙有8公里长的航道水深不足,1984年进行了疏浚.资料表明:挖槽航道内,大潮冲刷,小潮淤积.在洪季小潮时,滞流点移向挖槽段下游.由于絮凝和扩散作用,河流带下的泥沙沉积在滞流点向陆一侧的挖槽段内.在枯季小潮时,滞流点移到挖槽段上游,但密度水流把横沙东滩串沟和九段沙下泄的泥沙推到上游,那里的切力小于临界冲刷切力,淤积的泥沙不能再一次悬浮.这样,淤积的位置与每一潮的涨潮水流搬运泥沙之距离有关,因此实际的回淤地点一般与洪季小潮时回淤相同,均发生在相对较短的挖槽段内.     

三峡水库蓄水前后皇华城河段水流条件变化及泥沙冲淤分析

皇华城河段位于三峡水库常年回水区,下距三峡大坝354 km。河段平面形态呈"S"形,天然时期呈汛淤枯冲、具有年际间平衡特性。受三峡水库蓄水影响,皇华城河段水位大幅抬升,流速变缓,河势发生较大改变,导致泥沙大量落淤,已成为库区淤积最严重的河段之一。根据实测地形、来水来沙资料,通过统计分析和数学模型相结合的方法,分析了研究河段蓄水前后水流条件变化及泥沙冲淤特性,以及水力学条件变化与泥沙淤积的统计关系,初步预测了河段泥沙淤积的发展趋势。     

水流对破坏后河床演变的作用

河床因自然或人为作用会发生破坏。将破坏后河床地形概化为三角形坑,通过水槽试验和数值模拟研究了清水和动床两种水沙条件下坑形河床的演变。采用垂向二维水流数学模型计算得到了不同时刻下坑周围的流速与河床切应力分布,分析了导致河床演变的原因。研究表明:清水冲刷条件下破坏后河床仅在坑缘口处有冲刷侵蚀,是由于此处强切应力所致;动床冲刷条件下坑内流速很小,坑上游来沙在坑内淤积,同时坑下游边坡长距离冲刷显著;河床演变达到平衡状态时,局部切应力仍大于均匀流切应力。     

龙穴南航道整治工程对潮流泥沙影响的模拟

建立了覆盖珠江河口河网区与口外海滨区的大范围整体平面二维水沙数学模型,模拟计算了珠江河口的水沙空间分布特征。利用近期伶仃洋水域实测水文资料进行了验证,验证结果表明模型能够较好地模拟珠江口的潮流泥沙运动。在此基础上,通过局部加密,模拟了龙穴南航道整治工程实施前后潮流泥沙运动过程变化,计算并分析了工程实施对周边水域水动力条件的影响和航道沿程的水流条件变化以及航槽泥沙回淤状况等。研究结果表明:龙穴南水道内,潮流为西北-东南方向往复流;整治工程后,上段流速略有增大,下段流速略有减小,但总体流速变化较小。泥沙回淤预测结果显示,出海口以上航道有冲有淤,以淤积为主,平均淤积强度为0.12 m/a;出海口航道整体处于淤积状态,平均淤积强度为0.64 m/a。     

库区交汇河段淤积沙坝形成的水动力试验研究

通过典型库区交汇河段模型试验研究了在汇流比与坝前水位影响下,断面平均流速和水流挟沙力的沿程变化规律,阐释干流淤积沙坝的形成机理及汇流比与淤积沙坝分布的关系.结果表明:水流由干支流向交汇区下游运行过程中,断面平均流速与水流挟沙力均存在由增到减的转折点,转折点位于干流交汇区内;当汇流比大于0.56时,从支流河道到交汇区下游挟沙力出现了骤降.水流挟沙力的不均匀变化导致了干流淤积沙坝的出现,汇流比的大小则决定了淤积沙坝形成的部位.随着坝前水位的升高,交汇河段淹没程度增大,交汇区内的转折随之弱化.     

湖泊型中小水库减淤方案的试验研究

本文简述了在我国多沙河流上的水库淤积的严重性,结合新疆西大桥水库减淤方案试验研究实例,介绍了在湖泊型中小水库中水流的流速流态情况,挟沙水流含沙量的沿程变化情况及库区泥沙的淤积形态,论证了这种类型水库淤积严重的必然性,介绍了几种适合于湖泊型中小水库减少淤积的工程措施,并利用试验资料论证了些这工程措施的减淤效果.     

泥石流最大淤积厚度影响因素

淤埋是泥石流对工程设施主要的危害方式之一,为研究泥石流体容重、堆积坡度、黏粒矿物含量等因素对泥石流淤积厚度的影响,通过水槽堆积试验的方法研究了不同泥石流体容重、不同固体物质中黏土矿物含量、不同沟道坡度对淤积厚度的影响。结果表明:(1)同一容重下,随着堆积坡度的增大,淤积厚度呈现减小趋势,且在小坡度范围内,流体容重越大,淤积厚度越大,但当坡度超过一定值后,淤积厚度与容重关系在相同坡度条件下区分不明显;(2)同一坡度下,随着泥石流体容重的增大,淤积厚度呈现增大趋势,且容重越大,淤积厚度增加速率愈大;(3)同等条件下,随着泥石流体中黏粒含量的增大,淤积厚度呈现增大趋势,但在较低(20%)黏粒含量情况下,淤积厚度随黏粒含量增大速率较小,当黏粒含量增大到一定值后(20%)淤积厚度随黏粒含量的增大速率增大;(4)通过文献资料数据验证和误差原因分析,本成果具有一定的准确性和可用性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.