南海北部陆坡NH-1孔沉积物中碳酸盐碳同位素特征及其地球化学意义

源于深部天然气藏渗漏或天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷,可导致海洋沉积物中生成δ13C明显负偏的碳酸盐矿物.对NH-1孔沉积物样品的碳酸盐含量、全岩碳酸盐及生物碳酸盐δ13C、有机碳含量等参数进行了分析.结果表明:沉积物中碳酸盐含量较高(平均6.90%);全岩碳酸盐δ13C(-6.09‰～-0.48‰)与正常海相碳酸盐相比明显负偏;浮游有孔虫(G.rube)壳体碳酸盐δ13C(-0.834‰～0.004‰)明显低于正常值.结合海域的地质特点,认为这很可能是沉积物中较高甲烷通量背景条件下自生碳酸盐的形成所导致的.有机碳、氮数据与全岩碳酸盐δ13C的相关性分析指示了有机质也可能是全岩碳酸盐δ13C偏低的根源之一.因此,NH-1孔碳酸盐碳同位素特征是较高甲烷通量背景下甲烷缺氧氧化-硫酸盐还原及有机质缺氧氧化-硫酸盐还原等地球化学过程的综合反映.全岩碳酸盐δ13C含量可用于指示沉积物中自生碳酸盐矿物及较高甲烷通量的存在.     

洞穴石笋氧同位素古气候重建应用

近年来,应用洞穴次生碳酸盐稳定氧、碳同位素进行古气候研究得到了迅速的发展,尤其是利用石笋中1δ8O与δ13C重建不同地区不同时间尺度下的古气候环境,为全球气候的变化提供了许多新的有意义的认识.然而,当前在利用石笋氧同位素进行古气候重建,特别是对1δ8O的解译过程中仍存在诸多不确定性,尤其是δ18O与温度、降水的联系不统一问题.该文从洞穴石笋δ18O与温度、降水的相关关系以及不同时间尺度下所指示的气候意义等角度对当前洞穴石笋气候学中氧同位素的应用进行了总结分析.     

藏南海相白垩纪碳酸盐碳稳定同位素演化与古海洋溶解氧事件

系统测量藏南白垩纪海相碳酸盐样品的碳稳定同位素,建立了该区白垩纪碳稳定同位素演化曲线.在与欧洲同期碳酸盐岩对比基础上,发现白垩纪三次正向偏移和两次负向偏移具有良好的全球相关性.Albian-Cenomanian界线、CenomanianTuronian界线和Turonian-Coniacian界线δ13C正向偏移与该时期的全球大洋缺氧事件相关;Turonian中期δ13C负向偏移则是全球缺氧事件造成大规模有机碳埋藏,从而引起温室效应减弱而Santonian早期负向偏移对应于富氧事件的发生.     

柳杉树轮δ^13C与气候要素的分析与应用

对采自气候为非限制性因子地区的柳杉树轮稳定碳同位素比δ^13C进行气候响应分析。用排除法消除大气二氧化碳中δ^13C的变化对柳杉树轮δ^13C变化的影响后,建立残差年序列RE,并结合西天目山气象站的气象记录,分析了树轮δ^13C年序列对气候要素的响应,结果表明：西天目山地区树轮δ^13C的高频振荡与11、12月最高气温的平均值,1、2、3月降水总和以及6、7月降水总和显相关,在一定程度上反映了东亚季风对该区的影响大小,可见气候非限制性因子地区树轮稳定碳同位素组成年序列同样可以作为气候变化指针。     

四川华蓥二叠-三叠系界线剖面稳定碳同位素变化特征及其生物地球化学循环成因

对四川华蓥楼房湾剖面稳定碳同位素进行的研究表明,该地区二叠-三叠系界线附近碳同位素变化趋势与全球变化基本一致。早三叠世早期ΔB平均值高于晚二叠世晚期,指示海水中磷酸盐浓度的增大和初级生产力的繁盛。从晚二叠世末期开始δ13Ccarb的缓慢降低是由大规模火山作用以及陆地风化作用加强造成的;早三叠世最早期δ13Ccarb和δ13Corg的快速同步降低所代表的全球碳循环变化主要受控于生物集群绝灭的主幕及海平面上升引起的底部缺氧水上涌。总之,二叠-三叠纪之交碳同位素变化是火山作用、海平面变化、海洋和陆地生物集群绝灭以及缺氧水上涌等因素综合作用的结果。     

伶仃洋ZK19孔全新统有机物δ~(13)C和C/N值特征及东亚季风演变记录

为了深入探讨珠江河口区全新世东亚季风演变历史,对珠江口伶仃洋海区ZK19孔全新统开展年代学、有机碳同位素等地球化学多指标的研究。年代测试结果分析显示:钻孔早、晚全新世沉积完整,缺失高海平面期的中全新世沉积,研究认为该地层缺失是因水下侵蚀导致。钻孔δ~(13)C和C/N值分析结果表明,早全新世沉积物中偏负的δ~(13)C值和逐渐增大的C/N值,指示早全新世东亚强夏季风不断增强,不断增强的降水使钻孔区含较多的陆源有机质;而晚全新世逐渐偏正的δ~(13)C值和变小的C/N值表明,东亚夏季风不断减弱,降水量逐渐减小,陆源有机质输入逐渐减少,但这些指标在1.5 cal ka BP开始受人类活动影响,近500年来影响较显著。早、晚全新世东亚夏季风变化趋势主要与岁差相关的北半球日照量相关,而在东亚夏季风整体变化趋势下,还存在千年-百年尺度的气候波动周期,与太阳活动强度和周期的相对应。     

米仓山-汉南隆起牛蹄塘组页岩稳定碳同位素组成及其意义

利用牛蹄塘组暗色泥页岩样品进行有机碳同位素(δ~(13)C_(org))、无机碳同位素(δ~(13)C_(carb))、氧同位素(δ~(18)O)、总有机碳(TOC)、微量元素测定,分析米仓山-汉南隆起区早寒武世古海洋环境及其与页岩有机质生产的关系。基于原始海洋巨大溶解有机碳库(DOC)和海洋分层理论,结合不同古海洋微生物种属碳分馏特征,描述米仓山-汉南隆起区早寒武世古海洋环境和有机质生产模式。结果表明:研究区牛蹄塘组页岩中获取的碳氧同位素具有良好的原始性,对研究区古海洋环境具有良好的指示意义;δ~(13)C_(org)明显富集轻碳同位素(~(12)C)显示强烈的负异常,分布在-34.032‰～-29.537‰,属于L型无定形有机质,且更富集轻碳同位素;δ~(13)C_(carb)明显富集重碳同位素(~(13)C),分布在-1.21‰～3.64‰;氧同位素δ~(18)O分布在-8.94‰～-3.5‰;研究区南北部碳氧同位素空间分布具有差异性,与南部西河乡剖面相比,北部宁强铁锁关和两河村剖面的碳同位素具较高的δ~(13)C_(org),偏正的δ~(13)C_(carb)和高的δ~(13)C_(carb-org),且δ~(13)C_(carb)与δ~(13)C_(org)呈明显的解耦关系而与δ~(13)C_(carb-org)线性相关;牛蹄塘组页岩碳氧同位素组成取决于海侵过程中藻类、化能自养、甲烷细菌、甲烷氧化菌等特殊的古海洋微生物种属分布或活动强度与上升洋流、海洋分层的有机结合。     

东、中亚干旱--半干旱区全新世湖泊沉积w (TOC)与δ13 Corg意义的阈值问题

选择了东、中亚干旱?半干旱区14个湖泊全新世沉积物的w(TOC)和δ13Corg纪录,探讨了TOC及其不同沉积阶段对δ13 Corg变化的影响及两者的关系,为δ13 Corg在古气候研究中的正确使用提供依据。结果表明：湖泊沉积物δ13Corg的变化在一定程度上受控于w(TOC)。该区域湖泊沉积物w(TOC)相对于δ13Corg变化存在相应阈值,不同阈值区间代表TOC的不同沉积模式,不同沉积模式下w(TOC)和δ13Corg 的关系不同。 w(TOC)较低或较高时,两者均无对应关系,可能是有机质受到不稳定的沉积环境影响;不同湖泊主导有机碳沉积的模式不同;δ13 Corg在相应TOC的重沉积埋藏模式下可能与气候变化有关,因此在利用δ13 Corg解释气候变化时应结合有机质沉积阶段进行分析。     

中国西部地区水-热综合环境因素对植物碳同位素组成的影响

通过对中国西部地区新疆、柴达木盆地、甘肃、西藏等地148种植物叶片稳定碳同位素组成分析,讨论了其与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明中国西部地区优势建群种δ13C为10.5‰～32.6‰,主要以C3植物为主,少量C4植物.C3植物的δ13C为22.8‰～32.6‰,平均为26.9‰;C4植物的δ13C为10.5‰～15.8‰,平均为13.1‰.在生长季节,C3植物的δ13C受降水量、湿度的影响较大,随降水量减少,δ13C逐渐偏重,随相对湿度增加,δ13C逐渐偏轻.温度对植物碳同位素组成的影响较为复杂,年均温度在0～4 C时植物碳同位素组成最轻,而随温度从4 C升高、从0 C降低时,植物碳同位素组成均呈现偏重的趋势.中国西部地区植物碳同位素组成受多种因素同时作用,植物生长期降水量和温度对植物碳同位素组成影响较大.     

深海沉积生物碳酸盐岩天然热释光成因初探

东北印度洋赤道90。E海岭MD81349岩芯含有大量有孔虫壳体．X射线衍射分析结果显示，全岩样品中矿物组成为CaCO3和少量NaCl．有孔虫壳体透射电镜（TEM）分析表明，结晶矿物主要由Ca，O，C元素组成，呈方解石晶体结构．岩芯放射性总a、总β活度分析结果与热释光变化的相关性不显著．说明海洋生物成因方解石晶体的热释光来源于晶体形成时贮存的化学能．对岩芯有孔虫壳体天然热释光（NTL）与氧、碳同位素和CaCO3含量进行了对比分析．结果发现浮游有孔虫壳体的天然热释光变化均与δ^18O为代表的冰川旋回存在良好的一致性：天然热释光强度的升高与间冰期对应，降低与冰期对应，变化趋势比δ^14C和CaCO3含量指标显著．热释光一时间序列的频谱分析结果发现岩芯天然热释光存在明显的地轴倾斜度（黄赤交角）（ε）周期40ka和太阳辐射的岁差（P）周期23ka，19ka．说明浮游有孔虫壳体的热释光能够反映海水温度变化．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.