城镇二级出水污垢起始期生长情况的实验研究

结垢是城镇二级出水热能回用中的关键问题。该文在实验室模拟城镇二级出水板式换热器系统,利用直接称重和表面形貌立体观察相结合的方法,测量污垢在竖直流道内的初始期生长情况,研究流速和温度对污垢生长起始期的关系。实验结果表明:污垢起始期分生长、剥离和再生长3个阶段;流速在较高温度下对污垢生长的影响明显;温度对污垢生长呈单调增加作用,随着流速的增大,此作用更加明显;污垢生长过程中的剥离点随着温度的降低而提前出现。     

关于“激光切削”的设想

本文提出了一种不同于传统切削加工方法和现有激光加工方法的新工艺——“激光切削”。将激光束聚焦成为光带,用以加热、熔化余量和零件分界面的微区,同时用剥离工具剥离已分离的切屑,并使工件相对聚焦激光束和剥离工具而运动,以进行剥离余量的“切削”过程。分析和计算表明,“激光切削”有可能克服传统切削加工方法的一些固有弱点。“激光切削”的力小,不存在刀具磨损,比能小,效率高。其切削性能不受被切材料机械性能所支配,有可能特别适合于加工高强度、高硬度、高耐热性和低导热性的材料,而这些材料是用传统切削加工方法所难以加工的。     

激光极化方向对氢负离子在金属面附近光剥离的调控研究

利用闭合轨道理论,研究了激光极化方向对氢负离子在金属面附近光剥离截面的影响。结果表明,当激光极化方向和金属面垂直时,光剥离截面的振荡振幅最大;当激光极化方向和金属面平行时,光剥离截面的振荡几乎消失。当激光极化沿其它方向时,光剥离截面的振幅在两种极限值之间变化。因此,可以通过改变激光的极化方向对负离子体系的光剥离截面进行调控研究。计算结果对于研究负离子体系在表面附近的光剥离问题具有一定的参考价值。     

不同温度下脉冲激光沉积LiCoO_2薄膜的微观结构和表面形貌

使用脉冲激光沉积技术,不同的衬底温度,在单晶Si(100)衬底上沉积了锂离子电池正极材料Li-CoO2的薄膜.用XRD对样品进行晶体结构分析,用SEM观察了样品的表面形貌.结果显示,衬底温度对LiCoO2薄膜的微观结构和表面形貌都有明显影响.在500℃以上的衬底温度下生长的样品结晶质量较好;晶体的颗粒尺寸随着温度的升高而增大.     

脉冲激光照射下生物质材料的传热特性

采用快速瞬态温度检测系统测定高能脉冲激光作用下生物质材料的温度动态变化,研究生物质材料瞬态传热特性以及激光脉冲宽度、功率密度、材料厚度与初始含湿量对温度变化规律的影响.根据实验现象,尝试提出脉冲激光作用下生物质材料传热的数学模型,数值模拟分析表明,计算与实验结果基本吻合,能较好地反应脉冲激光作用下生物质材料的传热特性,为进一步深入研究和理论分析积累了有价值的实验资料,提供了可供参考的经验.     

椭偏光谱法研究激光脉冲沉积MgO薄膜材料生长

用激光脉冲沉积技术生长、制备出了一系列不同真空度、不间衬底温度和不同激光脉冲能量的Mgo薄膜。对生长、制备出的一系列Mgo薄膜进行了椭偏光谱测量研究，在300-800nm光谱波长范围内，得到了不同条件下生长制备的MgO薄膜的光学常数谱和膜厚，其结果显示：真空度、衬底温度和激光脉冲能量对生长Mgo薄膜的折射率、膜厚均有影响，高真空、高衬底温度和适中的激光脉冲能量有利于生长制备高折射率、高密度和高质量的Mgo薄膜。     

强激光辐照下硅材料的温度分布研究

激光辐照光电系统极易造成光电探测器件的干扰或破坏。为此研究了连续强激光对半导体材料的辐照效应,应用积分变换的方法,建立了平顶型的连续激光辐照硅材料的二维非稳态温度分布模型。研究发现：圆形平顶激光辐照硅材料靶,激光作用区域内的温度由光斑中心向四周逐渐降低,在作用区域边缘处温度变化比较明显;不同辐照时间下对应的靶材前表面温度的整体分布情况是大致相同的;在一定的激光功率密度和辐照时间条件下,材料靶表面的温升和靶材半径负相关。     

高斯激光辐照具有涂层结构的复合材料的温度场研究

基于傅里叶热传导方程,考虑有限厚材料的尺寸,利用积分变换法得到高斯激光辐照具有涂层结构材料温度场分布的解析解;分析了激光参数和材料尺寸对复合材料温度场分布的影响;使用插值法研究了材料物性参数随温度变化引起的瞬态温度场分布变化;对具有涂层的铝合金双层体试件进行了数值计算,得到了分界点热导率值.     

飞秒脉冲激光沉积法的动力学过程实验研究

用钛宝石飞秒激光器将最大峰值功率密度为1.14×1013 W/cm2的激光作用在Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷靶、Cu靶、FeSi2合金靶上,研究产生等离子体羽的颜色和形状一般规律:内芯均为白色对应于高温高压等离子体;紧跟内芯的是等离子体的复合形成中性粒子的区域;颜色单一的外层是温度较低的中性粒子和低温等离子体区.飞秒脉冲激光产生的等离子体呈cos4θ的角分布.在准分子脉冲激光沉积下衬底温度为500℃时-FeSi2薄膜的生长模式是Volmer-Weber模式,衬底温度为550℃时β-FeSi2薄膜的生长是Stranski-Krastanov模式.实验发现飞秒激光沉积技术能解决传统PLD法中产生大尺寸微滴的缺陷.     

超高温氧化物晶体及其生长技术

超高温氧化物晶体,比如钇稳定氧化锆、氧化镁、氧化铀以及部分稀土氧化物等,熔点往往高达2 300℃以上。它们在激光、超导、核燃料等领域具有重要应用,但在生长方法、坩埚材料、温度监测、温场控制等方面面临多重挑战。本文总结了目前少数几种超高温氧化物晶体生长研究进展,分析了各种生长技术的优缺点,探讨了超高温氧化物晶体生长的前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.