磁控溅射制备参数对 ZnO:Al电学性能的影响

ZnO:Al(ZAO)透明导电薄膜是一种n型半导体,有高的载离子浓度和大的光学禁带宽度,具有优异的电学和光学性能,有极广的应用前景.本文介绍了ZAO薄膜的广泛用途和今后研究的趋势,并着重分析了磁控溅射制备参数对电学性能的影响.     

Superconductivity in two-dimensional CoO2 layers

Since the discovery of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity in layered copper oxides, many researchers have searched for similar behaviour in other layered metal oxides involving 3d-transition metals, such as cobalt and nickel. Such attempts have so far failed, with the result that the copper oxide layer is thought to be essential for superconductivity. Here we report that Na(x)CoO2*yH2O (x approximately 0.35, y approximately 1.3) is a superconductor with a T(c) of about 5 K. This compound consists of two-dimensional CoO2 layers separated by a thick insulating layer of Na+ ions and H2O molecules. There is a marked resemblance in superconducting properties between the present material and high-T(c) copper oxides, suggesting that the two systems have similar underlying physics.     

Gate-induced superconductivity in a solution-processed organic polymer film

The electrical and optical properties of conjugated polymers have received considerable attention in the context of potentially low-cost replacements for conventional metals and inorganic semiconductors. Charge transport in these organic materials has been characterized in both the doped-metallic and the semiconducting state, but superconductivity has not hitherto been observed in these polymers. Here we report a distinct metal-insulator transition and metallic levels of conductivity in a polymer field-effect transistor. The active material is solution-cast regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), which forms relatively well ordered films owing to self-organization, and which yields a high charge carrier mobility (0.05-0.1 cm2 V(-1) s(-1)) at room temperature. At temperatures below approximately 2.35 K with sheet carrier densities exceeding 2.5 x 10(14) cm(-2), the polythiophene film becomes superconducting. The appearance of superconductivity seems to be closely related to the self-assembly properties of the polymer, as the introduction of additional disorder is found to suppress superconductivity. Our findings therefore demonstrate the feasibility of tuning the electrical properties of conjugated polymers over the largest range possible-from insulating to superconducting.     

A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface

Polarity discontinuities at the interfaces between different crystalline materials (heterointerfaces) can lead to nontrivial local atomic and electronic structure, owing to the presence of dangling bonds and incomplete atomic coordinations. These discontinuities often arise in naturally layered oxide structures, such as the superconducting copper oxides and ferroelectric titanates, as well as in artificial thin film oxide heterostructures such as manganite tunnel junctions. If polarity discontinuities can be atomically controlled, unusual charge states that are inaccessible in bulk materials could be realized. Here we have examined a model interface between two insulating perovskite oxides--LaAlO3 and SrTiO3--in which we control the termination layer at the interface on an atomic scale. In the simple ionic limit, this interface presents an extra half electron or hole per two-dimensional unit cell, depending on the structure of the interface. The hole-doped interface is found to be insulating, whereas the electron-doped interface is conducting, with extremely high carrier mobility exceeding 10,000 cm2 V(-1) s(-1). At low temperature, dramatic magnetoresistance oscillations periodic with the inverse magnetic field are observed, indicating quantum transport. These results present a broad opportunity to tailor low-dimensional charge states by atomically engineered oxide heteroepitaxy.     

混合传导陶瓷透氧膜

氧离子-电子混合传导陶瓷氧化物可以广泛用于空气分离制氧、碳氢化合物氧化膜反应器以及气体传感器与固体氧化物燃料电池的电极等，越来越引起人们极大的兴趣．对氧离子-电子混合传导陶瓷氧化物、合成方法以及在作为氧渗透膜方面的应用等作了详细论述．     

Designing fast oxide-ion conductors based on La2Mo2O9

The ability of solid oxides to conduct oxide ions has been known for more than a century, and fast oxide-ion conductors (or oxide electrolytes) are now being used for applications ranging from oxide fuel cells to oxygen pumping devices. To be technologically viable, these oxide electrolytes must exhibit high oxide-ion mobility at low operating temperatures. Because of the size and interaction of oxygen ions with the cationic network, high mobility can only be achieved with classes of materials with suitable structural features. So far, high mobility has been observed in only a small number of structural families, such as fluorite, perovskites, intergrowth perovskite/Bi2O2 layers and pyrochlores. Here we report a family of solid oxides based on the parent compound La2Mo2O9 (with a different crystal structure from all known oxide electrolytes) which exhibits fast oxide-ion conducting properties. Like other ionic conductors, this material undergoes a structural transition around 580 degrees C resulting in an increase of conduction by almost two orders of magnitude. Its conductivity is about 6 x 10(-2) S cm(-1) at 800 degrees C, which is comparable to that of stabilized zirconia, the most widely used oxide electrolyte. The structural similarity of La2Mo2O9 with beta-SnWO4 (ref. 14) suggests a structural model for the origin of the oxide-ion conduction. More generally, substitution of a cation that has a lone pair of electrons by a different cation that does not have a lone pair--and which has a higher oxidation state--could be used as an original way to design other oxide-ion conductors.     

A Template Roure to Prepare Nanowire Arrays of Amorphous Cabon Nanotube-coated Single Crystal Tin Dioxide

1 Results Tin oxide is an important n-type semiconductor of wide band due to its numerous potential applications in resistors, gas sensors, dye-based solar cells, and transparent conducting coatings for glasses and electrodes. It is also prospective anode material for high-energy density lithium ion batteries[1]. So far much work has been conducted on one-dimensional (1-D) metal oxides because their large ratio of surface/volume and their congruence of the carrier screening length with their lateral dim...     

绝缘环氧模塑料表面导电聚吡咯薄膜的化学聚合与表征

电磁波干扰越来越多地存在于我们的日常生活中,许多微电子封装材料需要具备屏蔽电磁波的功能.聚吡咯由于具有良好的导电性能和环境稳定性,表现出优异的电磁屏蔽能力.我们利用化学聚合法在绝缘环氧模塑料封装材料表面制备得到了导电聚吡咯薄膜,用X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜对聚合物薄膜进行了表征.通过SEM分析表明,经对甲基苯磺酸钠掺杂后,制备得到的聚吡咯薄膜均匀连续、致密平整,用四探针测试仪测得掺杂后聚吡咯薄膜的电导率达到了2.3×103S/m以上.     

Preparation of Gd_2O_3 :Eu~(3+) downconversion luminescent material and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells

Gd₂O₃ :Eu³⁺ downconversion luminescent powder was prepared using the homogeneous precipitation method. Its optical properties were analyzed and it was introduced into a dye-sensitized solar cell （DSSC）. As a luminescence medium, Gd₂O₃ :Eu³⁺ improved light harvesting via conversion luminescence and increased the photocurrent of the DSSC. As a p-type dopant insulating rare earth oxides form an energy barrier, and the Gd₂O₃ :Eu³⁺ elevated the energy level of the oxide film and increased the photovoltage. The photoelectric conversion efficiency for a DSSC with Gd₂O₃ :Eu³⁺ doping （6 : 100） reached 7.01%, which was 17.4% higher than the photoelectrical conversion efficiency of a DSSC without Gd 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ doping.     

复合物的 制备及苋菜红降解性能的研究

本文利用超声分散和溶液沸腾法制备TiO2,CeO2/TiO2和Fe2O3/TiO2复合物,在可见光的照射下,考察了苋菜红降解的效果,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成的光催化剂进行了表征. 另外,研究了TiO2,CeO2/TiO2和Fe2O3/TiO2复合物的用量、可见光照射时间、处理温度和处理时间等因素对苋菜红降解率的影响.结果表明,CeO2/TiO2复合物对降解染料表现出了更好的光催化活性.     

Coupling strength of charge carriers to spin fluctuations in high-temperature superconductors

In conventional superconductors, the most direct evidence of the mechanism responsible for superconductivity comes from tunnelling experiments, which provide a clear picture of the underlying electron-phonon interactions. As the coherence length in conventional superconductors is large, the tunnelling process probes several atomic layers into the bulk of the material; the observed structure in the current-voltage characteristics at the phonon energies gives, through inversion of the Eliashberg equations, the electron-phonon spectral density alpha2F(omega). The situation is different for the high-temperature copper oxide superconductors, where the coherence length (particularly for c-axis tunnelling) can be very short. Because of this, methods such as optical spectroscopy and neutron scattering provide a better route for investigating the underlying mechanism, as they probe bulk properties. Accurate reflection measurements at infrared wavelengths and precise polarized neutron-scattering data are now available for a variety of the copper oxides, and here we show that the conducting carriers (probed by infrared spectroscopy) are strongly coupled to a resonance structure in the spectrum of spin fluctuations (measured by neutron scattering). The coupling strength inferred from those results is sufficient to account for the high transition temperatures of the copper oxides, highlighting a prominent role for spin fluctuations in driving superconductivity in these materials.     

Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibres with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission

Conventional solid-core optical fibres require highly transparent materials. Such materials have been difficult to identify owing to the fundamental limitations associated with the propagation of light through solids, such as absorption, scattering and nonlinear effects. Hollow optical fibres offer the potential to minimize the dependence of light transmission on fibre material transparency. Here we report on the design and drawing of a hollow optical fibre lined with an interior omnidirectional dielectric mirror. Confinement of light in the hollow core is provided by the large photonic bandgaps established by the multiple alternating submicrometre-thick layers of a high-refractive-index glass and a low-refractive-index polymer. The fundamental and high-order transmission windows are determined by the layer dimensions and can be scaled from 0.75 to 10.6 micro m in wavelength. Tens of metres of hollow photonic bandgap fibres for transmission of carbon dioxide laser light at 10.6 micro m wavelength were drawn. The transmission losses are found to be less than 1.0 dB m(-1), orders of magnitude lower than those of the intrinsic fibre material, thus demonstrating that low attenuation can be achieved through structural design rather than high-transparency material selection.     

固相法制备新型KNN基近红外透明陶瓷

采用传统固相烧结工艺,注重烧结时的气氛控制,制备了铌酸钾钠(KNN)基无铅透明陶瓷xBa(Sc0.5Nb0.5)O3-(1-x)(K0.5N0.5)NbO3.并对其相结钩、微观结构、压电性能和透光率进行了研究.结果表明:该体系陶瓷具有准立方钙钛矿结构,没有其他杂相,晶粒大小与可见光波长相当,高度致密,无明显的晶界存在.在x=0.05时,d33最高可达到110 pC/N.同时该材料具有良好的透明性,在可见光范围内,透过率达到47％左右,近红外2500 nm处,透过率接近70％,是一种有望取代铅基透明陶瓷的环境友好型无铅透明陶瓷.     

酸性离子液体［BMIM］HSO4的合成及其物化性能

 以N-甲基咪唑为原料合成了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐(［BMIM］HSO₄)室温离子液体, 对产物进行了表征, 测定了相关物化性能, 如密度、表面张力、黏度、电导率等,并考察了该离子液体的溶剂性能。实验发现, 该离子液体电导率与常见离子液体电导率相当,并符合Arrhenius方程, 密度、表面张力、黏度均随温度升高而减小。该离子液体与多数常规溶剂互溶, 并对金属氧化物具有一定的溶解度, 为在离子液体中直接电解金属氧化物奠定了基础。     

Sm2O3掺杂Ce2O3的加入量对YBa2Cu3O7-δ界面性能的影响

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)具有稳定性高、寿命长、污染低等优点,是二十一世纪的绿色能源之一。当前SOFC阴极通常采用掺杂的ABO3钙钛矿型材料。这类材料在高温下具有较高的导电率和催化活性,但中温化是SOFC的趋势,高温下常用的La(Sr)MnO3阴极材料在中温下性能下降,不能满足中温下电导率的要求。本论文尝试采用柠檬酸燃烧法来制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ,并在YBCO中加入一定量的Sm2O3掺杂的Ce2O3(SDC)作为SOFC的阴极材料,通过对阻抗分析,研究了SDC掺杂量、烧结温度等对该阴极材料性能的影响。实验结果表明:随着SDC的掺杂量x(0≤x≤50%)和烧结温度的升高,阴极材料的界面阻抗减小。在SDC的掺杂量为50%时,且在800℃下烧结得到的烧结体界面阻抗最小,其界面比电阻仅为0.1353ohm/cm2(800℃),这标志着掺杂SDC的YBCO作为中温固体氧化物燃料电池的阴极材料时非常具有发展前景的。     

退火温度对Li掺杂ZnO薄膜光电特性的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法旋涂制备了摩尔分数为3%的Li掺杂ZnO薄膜,在450~650℃下退火后测试其微结构、表面形貌和光电特性.结果表明薄膜为六方纤锌矿多晶结构且n型导电,退火温度的升高改善了结晶度、表面形貌、透过率和导电性.退火温度超过550℃后电阻率增大,样品由肖特基导电转变为欧姆导电;伏安特性模拟结果表明,替位Li逐渐增多、薄膜功函数增大,有利于制备p型薄膜.退火温度达600℃后,由于薄膜再蒸发等使光电特性变差.550℃是最佳退火温度,适于制备高质量的透明导电薄膜,此时薄膜透过率达95%,薄膜电阻率为2.49×103Ω.cm.     

两种新型透光混凝土的制作与研究

对透光混凝土的材料配比及透光性能进行了研究.配制了2种新型透光混凝土,即分别以光纤与以荧光材料为主要透光材料的透光混凝土.通过合理的混凝土配比与外加材料的结合,利用平铺法与插秧法制成透光混凝土块,并检验其各项性能.经过检验,2种透光混凝土均具有良好的透光性能.     

氧化石墨增强高分子材料热电性能的初步研究

分别以尼龙6和聚吡咯为基体，氧化石墨为填料，通过原位聚合反应制备了尼龙6-氧化石墨及聚吡咯-氧化石墨复合材料。两种复合材料的热电性能测试数据表明：氧化石墨在尼龙6基体中被同步还原为导电填料，尼龙6从绝缘体转变为半导体，热电性能大大增强，最大热电优值为9.45×10^-6；氧化石墨在吡咯聚合过程中扮演着模板的角色，促成聚吡咯分子链有序排列及堆积，热电性能增强，且复合材料的电导率和Seebeck系数的最大值分别达到6056S/m和9.85μV/K^-1，对应的热电优值为6.89×10^-4。     

钽掺杂对氧化锌透明导电薄膜结构和电学特性的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上室温沉积不同钽掺杂浓度的氧化锌透明导电薄膜.并对其结构和电学特性进行分析.对衍射峰的分析说明Ta元素以替位Zn元素的形式溶入ZnO晶格中形成了固溶体.当钽掺杂比例从0 wt%增加到10 wt%,晶格常数从0.5242 nm增加到0.5314 nm,表明薄膜中存在平行于c轴方向的张应力.薄膜沿c轴的晶粒尺寸在9.4~13.5 nm之间.薄膜的电阻随着掺杂比例增加首先显著下降,当掺杂比例为5 wt%时,薄膜最小电阻率为7.81×10-2Ω.cm,进一步增加掺杂比例到10 wt%,电阻率增大为1.25×10-1Ω.cm.     

神奇材料与2000年诺贝尔化学奖

讨论了神奇材料——导电聚合物又称“合成金属”的发现与 2 0 0 0年诺贝尔化学奖的关系 ,介绍了导电聚合物的广泛应用及其前景 ,说明了这一伟大发明是科学家通力合作研究的结晶 ,对美国科学家艾伦·黑格 (Alan Jay Heeger,1 936 -) ,艾伦·马克迪尔米德 (Alan Graham Mac Diarmid,1 92 7-)和日本科学家白川英树 (Shirakawa Hideki,1 936 -)授予 2 0 0 0年诺贝尔化学奖 ,也是对从事导电聚合物研究领域内所有科学家研究成果的肯定与认可 ,这一领域将是未来十分活跃的新材料研究领域