基于FRICA算法的非高斯过程故障检测方法

独立元分析(ICA)是一种有效的非高斯过程故障检测方法,但其建模过程仅仅使用正常工况数据,忽视了对先验故障工况数据的利用.针对此问题,提出了一种基于故障相关ICA(FRICA)算法的故障检测方法.该方法使用ICA算法提取正常工况数据中的非高斯特征成分;再将正常工况数据集和先验故障工况数据集融合在一起构成多工况数据集,利用非局部保持投影进行二次特征提取,获得故障判别成分;在两种特征成分的基础上构造新的监控统计量,并利用核密度估计得到相应的置信限,完成对实时数据的监控.连续搅拌反应釜(CSTR)系统的监控仿真结果表明:与基本ICA方法相比,FRICA方法能更有效地检测出过程故障.     

基于自适应独立成分分析的化工过程监测

针对独立成分分析（independent component analysis,ICA）方法应用于过程监测时如何选择独立成分（independent component,IC）的问题,提出了自适应独立成分分析（adaptation independent component analysis,AICA）方法。AICA方法首先利用分离矩阵建立关联矩阵,该关联矩阵表示IC的相似性,同时通过核密度估计选择概率密度最小的IC作为特殊独立成分（particular independent component,PIC）,再通过关联矩阵选择与PIC具有相似变异特征的几个普通独立成分（common independent components,CICs）,最后将PIC与CICs用于构造监测统计量。将AICA方法应用于田纳西-伊士曼（Tennessee Eastman,TE）仿真过程,测试结果表明所提方法对于过程监测是有效的。     

基于独立分量相异性分析的动态过程监控研究

针对动态独立分量分析(dynamic independent component analysis, DICA)在过程中捕获的独立分量存在自相关性和故障漏报的问题，提出基于独立分量相异性分析(DICA dissimilarity analysis, DICA-DISSIM)的动态过程监控方法。首先，利用DICA从原始数据中捕获独立分量；其次，在独立分量子空间中引入滑动窗口并进行相异性分析得到一个新的统计指标来监控过程的当前状态；最后，利用变量贡献图方法分析过程异常原因。与传统的DICA相比，所提方法能够有效地降低DICA捕获的独立分量的自相关性，降低了过程动态特征对故障检测的影响，最后解决了DICA统计量中存在的故障漏报问题。通过对动态数值例子和田纳西-伊斯曼过程进行仿真，仿真结果表明，与独立分量分析(independent component analysis, ICA)、DICA和动态主成分分析(dynamic principal component analysis, DPCA)相比，该方法有效地提高了动态过程监控性能。     

基于核状态空间ICA的非线性动态过程故障检测方法

针对工业过程的非线性和动态特性,提出一种基于核状态空间独立元分析的故障检测方法.采用核规范变量分析法将非线性动态过程数据映射到核状态空间,得到去相关的状态数据.对状态数据的各时延协方差矩阵进行加权求和得到状态数据的时序结构矩阵,进而建立ICA统计模型,从状态数据中提取独立元特征数据,并构造监控统计量检测过程故障.在Tennessee Eastman过程上的故障检测结果表明,相比于传统的基于动态核主元分析的故障检测方法,该方法更加灵敏地检测到故障的发生,提高故障检测率.     

基于高分辨质谱独立成分分析的黄芩炮制过程分析

采用高分辨质谱法(HRMS)直接测定黄芩水提取液的质谱信号,直接定性确认黄芩中39种化学成分.根据主要活性化学成分的质谱峰强度,得到黄芩炮制过程化学成分HRMS指纹图,进一步以独立成分分析(ICA)解析,得到能够体现黄芩主要活性成分特征的2个独立组分(IC).研究结果表明,2个IC对应黄芩中苷元类化合物和苷类化合物;以IC相对强度度变化监控黄芩炮制过程,2个IC的相对强度在炮制过程发生明显变化,在40~60min时,2个IC的相对强度变化趋于稳定且浓度和炮制前相比没有明显下降,确定炮制终点为50min.     

ICA特征提取技术在背景噪声建模与分析中的应用

应用infomax学习规则对船舶辐射噪声信号进行独立成分分析(ICA)特征提取,并证明了ICA变换能增强信号的非高斯性.在此基础上,根据稀疏编码的特性,利用阈值化的方法将船舶辐射噪声信号有效去噪.通过对含有海洋环境噪声的船舶辐射噪声信号的去噪实验,证明了本方法的有效性,并且去噪结果明显优于传统的几种去噪方法.     

基于独立分量分析的心理作业诱发脑电特征增强

作者采用独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis)方法对心理作业诱发的脑电信号进行了分析.研究表明,ICA能有效地从多路头皮脑电中分离出脑电信号的基本节律成分.通过对脑电独立源谱特征和ICA混合矩阵分析,可得到基本节律成分在头皮电极的能量分布情况,进而揭示心理作业与脑电特征的关系.     

独立成分分析支持向量机回归模型及其在近红外光谱分析中的应用

首先采用独立成分分析(ICA)提取近红外光谱数据矩阵的独立成分和相应的混合矩阵,然后用支持向量机回归(SVR)对混合矩阵和实测浓度矩阵进行建模,建立了独立成分分析-支持向量机回归(ICA SVR)的近红外分析建模方法.结果表明,ICA SVR模型的预测结果明显优于SVR和偏最小二乘法(PLS)方法,方法用于肉样品中水分、脂肪和蛋白质的同时测定,获得了满意的结果.     

间歇过程在线检测的核独立元分析及局部建模方法

针对间歇过程所具有的非线性特点,提出了一种基于核独立元分析(Kernel ICA)及局部建模的在线故障检测策略.将展开的高维历史数据按时间间隔划分,应用Kernel ICA算法对每一个时间间隔点的分数据块提取独立主成分,构造检测统计量,并用非参数估计方法确定其控制限.这种建模方法机理简单,而且不需要预测过程未知的测量数据.通过对DuPont间歇聚合过程的仿真,验证了所提出方法的有效性和准确性.     

基于ICA和相似因数的间歇过程故障诊断

多向主元分析(MPCA)是间歇过程最常用的监控方法,但缺点是需要对未来测量值进行估计。针对这一问题,提出了基于不同展开方式上的独立元分析(ICA)的在线监控方法。在测量数据含有非高斯潜隐变量的情况下,ICA是比PCA更有效的特征提取算法。获得独立元(ICs)后,将一种新的基于ICA的混合相似因数分析用于间歇过程的故障诊断中。通过在青霉素生产过程的成功应用,验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性,具有比较好的监测效果及满意的故障识别能力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.