油茶病原菌拮抗菌筛选

通过拮抗实验,研究了59个野菊内生真菌菌株对油茶炭疽病及油茶稍枯病病原菌的拮抗性.结果表明:89.8%供试真菌菌株对油茶病原菌孢子萌发或菌丝生长有抑制作用.拮抗菌株在代谢过程中能产生抑制病原菌生长发育的抑菌物质,这些物质存在于菌丝内或分泌于菌丝外.筛选得到2个油茶病原菌强拮抗菌株,大茎点霉菌Y11和Y29.     

XM16菌株及其抗菌物质对数种植物病原真菌的作用范围

以苹果腐烂病菌等14种植物病原菌为供试菌,研究了枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis(Ehrenberg)Cohn)XM16菌株及其代谢物的抑菌活性.结果表明,该菌对供试植物病原菌均表现出强烈的拮抗作用,其代谢物对供试的苹果炭疽病菌等11种病原菌具有较强的抑制作用.分泌物滤液和粗蛋白的抑菌试验进一步证实了XM16菌株抗生物质的存在,这表明XM16在培养过程中的确产生了某种对病原真菌具有强抑菌活性的抗生物质.     

虎杖内生真菌抗菌活性研究及菌株初步鉴定

利用滤纸片扩散法及形态学常规分类法对30株虎杖内生真菌发酵液进行抑菌活性试验和初步鉴定。结果表明,15株内生真菌对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)具有抑菌活性,12株内生真菌对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)具有抑菌活性,7株内生真菌对大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)具有抑菌活性,分别占菌株总数的50%,40%和23%。根据菌落形态及菌丝结构对其鉴定,具有抑菌活性的菌株分属于曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)、枝孢霉属(Cladosporium)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)及无孢菌类(Agonomycetales)真菌。     

短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3菌株对拟茎点霉的拮抗作用

【目的】短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3菌株对稻瘟病、黄瓜枯萎病及棉花黄萎病等具有显著的防治效果,测定LYMC-3菌株对8种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,检测其抑菌谱,为其推广应用提供依据。【方法】采用平板对峙法测定LYMC-3菌株对松球壳孢菌(Sphaeropsis sapinea)、松树脂溃疡病菌(Fusarium circinatum)、金黄壳囊孢菌(Cytospora chrysosperma)、拟茎点霉(Phomopsis macrospora)、七叶树壳梭孢菌(Fusicoccum aesculi)、拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis theae)、山茶炭疽菌(Guignardia camelliae)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothiorella)8种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,筛选出抑菌活性最强的病原真菌,进行菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制试验。【结果】LYMC-3菌株对8种供试植物病原真菌均有抑制作用,抑菌带长度及抑菌活性大小依次为:拟茎点霉>拟盘多毛孢>葡萄座腔菌>松球壳孢菌>七叶树壳梭孢菌>金黄壳囊孢菌>松树脂溃疡病菌>山茶炭疽菌。LYMC-3菌株发酵滤液对拟茎点霉菌丝生长的抑制率为70.36%,对其分生孢子24 h萌发抑制率为88.16%。【结论】短小芽孢杆菌LYMC-3菌株抑菌谱广,其发酵滤液对拟茎点霉有较强的拮抗作用。     

玉米灰斑病拮抗链霉菌S3-5的筛选及鉴定

为筛选对灰斑病有高效拮抗作用的微生物,采集四川双流、平武以及云南文山州三地玉米种植田土壤,利用平板对峙实验筛选到对灰斑病病原菌玉蜀黍尾孢菌(Cercospora zeae-maydis TehonDaniels)菌丝生长有抑制作用的6株细菌和2株放线菌.放线菌S3-5的抑菌效果最好,其抑菌能力是可稳定遗传的性状;结合菌株形态学、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列同源性分析将S3-5鉴定为淡紫灰链霉菌(Streptomyces lavendulae).S3-5对玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢、立枯丝核菌、茄链格孢、核盘菌、胶孢炭疽菌、链格孢菌等常见植物病原真菌均有较好抑制作用,其生长的NaCl浓度耐受度为5%,最适生长温度为25~30℃,显示S3-5具有应用于田间抑制灰斑病发生的潜能.     

厚皮甜瓜贮期腐烂病病原菌分离鉴定及抑菌实验研究

对厚皮甜瓜采后贮藏期间腐烂病的病原菌进行了分离、纯化与鉴定,研究了ε-聚赖氨酸、壳寡糖、纳他霉素和右旋龙脑对厚皮甜瓜病原菌生长繁殖的影响。结果表明,厚皮甜瓜贮期腐烂病病原菌为链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)和爪甲曲霉(Aspergillus unguis)。ε-聚赖氨酸和纳他霉素抑菌效果显著,当ε-聚赖氨酸浓度为20.0mg/L、纳他霉素浓度为4.0mg/L时,即可完全抑制两种病原菌的生长繁殖。壳寡糖和右旋龙脑对链格孢菌和爪甲曲霉均有一定的抑制作用。     

蝴蝶兰根腐病及根际真菌的种类鉴定

2010 -2011年从福建省蝴蝶兰腐烂根部及周围介质中分离鉴定出8个属12种真菌,分别为:立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、茄病镰孢Fusarium solani、尖孢镰孢F.oxysporum、禾谷镰孢F.graminearum、康氏木霉Trichderma koningii:、长枝木霉T.longibrachiatum、哈茨木霉T.harzianum、盘多毛孢Pestalotia sp.、多主枝孢霉Cladosporium,herbarum、常现青霉Penicillium frequentans、拟青霉Penicilomyces sp.和匍枝根霉Rhizopus stolonifer.立枯丝核菌、茄病镰孢和尖孢镰孢为优势菌,分别占分离物总株数的26.19%、15.71%和10.95%.伤口接种实验表明,3种优势真菌均能侵染蝴蝶兰根系引起腐烂.     

土壤拮抗细菌对茄病镰孢菌的抑制作用和防治研究

:从云南、贵州、河北、吉林、黑龙江、北京、天津等地采集土样 2 8个 ,采用常规平板稀释法分离获得的细菌菌株 4 14个。以茄病镰孢菌为主要靶标菌 ,对分离菌株进行抑菌测定 ,筛选出强拮抗菌13株 ,并用附着在茄子、番茄等上 9种病原菌对其进行拮抗作用测定 ,发现所获拮抗细菌具有广谱抗性。筛选出具广谱拮抗作用的生防菌株 B0 73、B153,其发酵液中活菌在温室内人工接种条件下进行温室接种防病试验 ,对茄病镰孢菌防治效果分别达 71.1%和 6 1.8% ,并兼具治疗作用     

八种药剂防治霍山石斛煤污病病原菌研究

从霍山石斛叶片病灶部位筛选病原菌,并对其进行防治研究。采用组织块法分离霍山石斛煤污病疑似病原菌;通过致病性研究筛选霍山石斛煤污病的病原菌;通过形态特征对该菌株进行初步菌种鉴定;采用牛津杯法测定8种供试药剂对病原菌室内毒力的大小,并对测定效果最好的供试药剂进行了最小抑菌浓度的研究。从霍山石斛叶片病灶部位共筛选得到疑似病原菌3株,致病性研究结果表明菌株MW1为病原菌,根据菌株MW1的形态学特征初步将其鉴定为芽枝霉属(Cladosporium sp.)真菌。室内药剂毒力测定结果表明,速克灵可湿性粉剂是供试药剂中对菌株MW1室内毒力效果最好的药剂,其对菌株MW1抑菌圈的直径为2.76 cm,最小抑菌浓度为稀释至2 000倍后样品。本研究结果为霍山石斛煤污病的防治提供理论依据。     

一株蓝莓灰霉病病原菌的分离与鉴定

灰霉病是近几年危害浙江省蓝莓产业的严重病害之一,分离和鉴定该病病原菌可以掌握其生物学特征和发病机理,为病害的综合防治提供参考.通过形态观察、核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列分析和柯赫氏法则验证等方法,对引起蓝莓品种‘夏普蓝’灰霉病的病原菌进行了鉴定.结果表明:该病原菌为葡萄孢菌属的灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea);对‘夏普蓝’进行病原菌回接后,叶片和果实分别出现褐色病斑和软化腐烂等症状,与田间自然发病一致;将该病原菌在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基上进行培养,菌落初期呈现白色,后转为灰褐色.分生孢子为单孢,卵圆形或椭圆形,无色或淡褐色,大小为(10～15)μm×(6～9)μm;将分离菌株X1-1的rDNA-ITS序列(NCBI序列号:KT343755)与GenBank中已经报道的灰葡萄孢菌进行序列比对,发现二者相似度达100%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-