基于AVR单片机的太阳能路灯照明系统设计

结合蓄电池的充电方法和特性,设计了基于ATmega 48单片机为核心的太阳能路灯照明系统,包括太阳能电池、蓄电池、充电电路、驱动电路和指示电路等,通过单片机软件算法编程科学地控制功率开关管的导通与关断,对蓄电池的充放电和路灯加以控制,科学地采用不同百分比的PWM对蓄电池进行充电,依据不同的需求选择不同工作模式进行供电照明。     

光伏发电系统中蓄电池充电控制研究

在光伏发电系统中,储能蓄电池达不到其使用寿命是制约光伏产业发展的一个重要因素。本文针对太阳能电池——蓄电池充电系统的特点,设计了一种基于PIC16F877A单片机的智能化光伏充电控制系统。该系统采用三段式充电控制策略,在快充阶段采用最大功率点跟踪控制策略,在过充和浮充阶段,采用基于比例积分PI调节的恒压充电。实验表明该控制策略很好地实现了对光伏电池的三段式充电,缩短了充电时间,具有较好的过充和浮充精度,从而达到延长光伏系统中蓄电池使用寿命的目的。     

一种基于STM32高频开关电源的设计

根据直流屏充电模块的工作原理,设计了一种AC-DC高频开关电源给蓄电池充电,该开关电源采用STM32F103作为系统的控制核心,运用硬件电路实现电压电流检测和保护功能,通过测试,该充电模块输出电压纹波小、工作稳定安全,符合设计指标要求。     

100%低地板车超级电容快速充电装置设计及仿真研究

采用超级电容动力的100%低地板轻轨车辆,站间无接触网供电,转弯半径小,超级电容寿命长,充电时间短,且没有化学反应所带来的污染,是当今世界最先进的城市交通系统之一,其中的超级电容充电技术已经成为新的研究热点。本文针对某低地板车示范工程的大容量车载超级电容设计快速充电装置,并通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证主电路拓扑及控制算法的有效性。     

高效率超级电容充电系统设计

超级电容器是具有超大容量和高储能密度的新型储能元件,具有循环寿命长、功率密度大、充放电速度快等蓄电池无法比拟的优点。本文结合超级电容的充放电特性,设计了低内阻高效率的超级电容充电电路,有效地提高了超级电容的充电效率。     

基于超级电容的直流UPS不间断电源研究

在对蓄电池直流操作电源系统现存主要问题进行归纳总结后,对超级电容代替蓄电池的可行性进行了简单阐述。最后,对基于EDLC超级电容器的直流UPS不间断电源系统的充电电路、放电电路、以及输出直流电压性能进行了详细分析研究。     

RLS算法在碳基超级电容器参数辨识中的应用

为改善传统碳基超级电容器模型不能同时兼顾简易性和精确性的缺点,提出一种解决碳基超级电容器模型参数辨识问题的新方法.构建一种能充分描述超级电容工作特性的参数辨识电路模型,采用带遗忘因子的最小二乘法(RLS)对电路参数进行辨识,并通过恒流充电实验方法及仿真研究对充电过程的电压和电流进行测量和比较.研究结果表明:该电路模型能克服传统最小二乘法易出现数据饱和的缺点,得到更为精确的模型辨识参数.     

城市轨道车辆超级电容器储能系统的控制

超级电容器作为新兴的储能器件可应用于城市轨道交通储能系统中,而这种储能系统多采用双向DC/DC变换器的主电路.通过对主电路的工作分析,提出了储能系统的电压电流双闭环控制方法,并通过仿真和实验验证了超级电容器储能系统在电压电流双闭环控制下,可以实现超级电容器储能系统的充放电,证明了双闭环控制系统的可行性.     

用于电磁斥力机构的电容器充电电源研究

用于高压电网中的电磁斥力机构为基础,对机构中的重要组成部分电容器充电电源进行研究。充电电源采用Boost PFC(power factor correction)实现前级功率因数校正,不仅能够提高效率;而且在一定程度上降低了谐波对电网的污染。基于全桥LCL型谐振器来实现恒流特性,以确保电容器的恒流充电。采用状态空间平均法建立了Boost PFC的小信号模型;并给出设计方法。对谐振变换器的工作原理以及充电电源的工作过程进行详细分析。在研究变换器电流传输特性的基础上,给出了电容器充电电源的参数设计过程。最后,10 s内实现对2 000μF电容器充电至2 000 V的仿真实验验证了用于电磁斥力机构的电容器充电电源的精确可靠性。     

超级电容和微型手摇发电机在手持式数显轨道测量尺中的应用

为手持式数显铁路轨道测量尺设计并实现了一种以超级电容为供电电源和以微型手摇发电机为充电电源的设备供电方案.在对核心器件进行介绍的基础上.详细讲述了方案的主要技术细节和原理, 给出了原理图和原理样机照片.实际测试表明.以本方案为基础,采用功率为6W的微型手摇发电机为两个串联的100F/2.7V超级电容充电需时约5 min, 而其放电过程可使某型号数显轨道测量尺工作4h以上, 具有稳定可靠、使用寿命长和成本较低的优点.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to