CSP工艺Q235B热轧带钢边部裂纹成因分析

为减少采用CSP工艺生产的Q235B热轧带钢边部裂纹缺陷,分别在Q235B连铸坯和热轧带钢裂纹处进行取样,通过宏观形貌、金相组织、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,研究铸坯角部横裂纹与热轧带钢边部裂纹的演变规律和形态变化.结果表明,结晶器卷渣、冷却不均匀是产生连铸坯角部裂纹的主要原因;第2道次过渡带钢的金相组织中出现混晶现象,裂纹边上存在脱碳现象;热轧带钢边部裂纹主要源自于铸坯裂纹,并在轧制过程中得到扩展.根据连铸工艺参数,对边部裂纹缺陷率与液渣层厚度、保护渣消耗量、结晶器振动参数、中间包过热度、结晶器传热参数以及铸坯宽度的关系进行统计分析,并提出相应的边部裂纹控制工艺措施.     

连铸坯表面网状裂纹

对连铸坯和热轧厚板表面网状裂纹附近的化学成分及其组织进行了分析,发现裂纹附近存在Cu和Cr元素,裂纹沿着晶界延伸.可见裂纹形成的原因为:结晶器镀铬层磨损导致铜板与连铸坯粘结,液态铜通过奥氏体晶界向铁基体内渗透.富集在奥氏体晶界的铜极大地恶化了钢的塑性是导致裂纹形成的主要原因.在此基础上提出了控制连铸坯和热轧厚板表面网状裂纹的措施.     

单道次热轧对Fe-15Si硅钢氧化层形貌的影响

将Fe-15Si硅钢试样分别在1000~1200℃空气条件下氧化30min，观察发现在1000℃和1100℃时，氧化层与基体界面处存在硅酸亚铁，而当温度为1200℃时，硅酸亚铁不但存在于界面处，同时也存在于氧化层中.将各温度下得到的带有氧化层的试样进行单道次热轧试验，压下率分别为10%和30%，发现1000℃和1100℃时，较高的压下率使氧化层破碎更加严重，但是单道次热轧未能改变氧化层的结构；当温度为1200℃时，由于液态的硅酸亚铁的出现，单道次热轧能够将界面处的液化的硅酸亚铁层挤压到氧化层中，消除了硅酸亚铁层的钉扎基体的效应，改善了氧化层与基体界面的平直度.     

中薄板坯表面裂纹及预防

分析了中薄板坯表面裂纹产生原因,通过采取优化扇形段辊面设计、稳定钢水成分、优化结晶器振动、铜板镀层改进、稳定结晶器波面与拉速等相应措施,铸坯表面低倍缺陷得到了明显改善,取得较好效果.     

低硅冷轧电机钢用热带的研制

结合承德钢厂电机硅钢开发项目,针对其无精炼设备,不采用电磁搅拌技术的现状,对比电机钢传统生产工艺,确定以中小型电机转子用硅钢为目标,通过合理的冶炼、连铸、热轧工艺设计,严格控制各工序工艺参数,在承钢普碳钢生产工艺流程的基础上进行工业试验,以开发研制低硅冷轧电机钢用热带.结果表明:成品电机钢的各项性能均达到国标50w1300标准,铸坯表面、内部没有明显缺陷,热轧、冷轧钢带表面良好,特别适合小电机转子的制造.     

低合金高强度钢连铸二冷制度优化及试验

Q345B(含铌)钢是低合金高强度(HSLA)裂纹敏感性钢种.文中分析了C、Nb、二冷水量对其铸坯裂纹形成的影响和裂纹产生的原因.在此基础上结合工业试验对连铸二冷制度进行优化,提出弱冷却方式和均匀二次冷却,铸坯的矫直温度提高到950 ℃以上可有效控制裂纹的产生,降低了裂纹产生的几率,铸坯质量提高达80%.     

37Mn5连铸圆坯凝固过程数学模拟

为控制油井管用连铸圆坯质量,基于薄片移动法建立了连铸圆坯凝固传热数学模型,并应用ProCAST软件对37Mn5钢Φ150mm连铸圆坯凝固过程进行了数学模拟,铸坯表面温度模型预测结果与工业试验测温结果相一致.模拟结果表明,在过热度为(20±5)℃,拉速为2.5m.min-1条件下,可以控制结晶器出口坯壳厚度、铸坯液芯长度和铸坯表面温度在合适的范围内,有利于防止铸坯表面裂纹和内部裂纹等缺陷的产生和保证浇铸安全,并实现较高的生产率.     

连铸圆坯凝固传热行为与铸坯质量的控制

在连铸生产过程中,二次冷却在很大程度上影响着铸坯的传热状态,从而在铸坯凝固组织的形成过程中有着决定性的作用.连铸坯裂纹是制约其生产产量和质量的主要缺陷之一.通过对圆坯凝固传热的分析,探索影响铸坯裂纹发生的因素.从而从理论上避免裂纹的发生,保证连铸生产无缺陷铸坯.     

热轧带钢表面缺陷成因

对某厂生产的热轧带钢存在的裂纹、分层、划伤等缺陷问题,在扫描电镜下进行形貌及能谱图分析表明:板坯表面宽且深的裂纹,可能是由于出钢时卷渣造成的;冷轧板表面分层通常是由卷渣、大型夹杂物引起的,分层处主要为硅酸盐类复合夹杂以及硫化物夹杂;表面纵向划伤为炉生氧化铁皮与次生氧化铁皮的混合物压入钢板表面产生的.     

X65管线钢连铸坯表面纵向凹陷、裂纹形成原因及对策

针对X65管线钢连铸坯表面存在的纵向凹陷及裂纹缺陷等问题,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪对其进行了分析.缺陷产生的原因主要是微合金化元素Nb、Ti和V的碳氮化物在晶界偏聚所致.通过对结晶器保护渣成分、二冷曲线进行优化,控制中间包钢水过热度,规范连铸操作工艺和点检连铸设备可有效改善X65管线钢连铸坯表面的纵向凹陷和裂纹缺陷.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-