助脱剂对脱胶效果影响的研究

采用三因素随机区组设计，研究助脱剂处理浓度、茵液处理时间和不同茵种对苎麻脱胶效果的影响，实验结果表明：不同茵种的培养液处理苎麻，处理后苎麻残胶率之间差异不显著；而不同处理时间和不同助脱剂处理浓度之间对苎麻脱胶效果的差异达到极显著水平；三个处理因素间的互作都不显著；脱胶助剂三聚磷酸钠的适宜处理浓度为0．30％，而茵液处理苎麻纤维的适宜处理时间是16h。     

红麻韧皮纤维生物酶脱胶研究新进展

分析了红麻韧皮纤维胶质组分,从分子水平阐述了生物酶脱胶机理。通过实验确定红麻生物酶脱胶工业化生产工艺流程及参数,为红麻韧皮纤维生物酶脱胶提供理论依据。     

红麻生物酶脱胶BP神经网络预测模型的构建

针对红麻韧皮纤维生物酶脱胶过程具有的时变、非线性和不确定等特性,提出采用BP神经网络对脱胶过程进行预测建模的方法。根据脱胶实验中采用的多种不同的工艺参数和对应的脱胶效果,通过网络训练误差的横向和纵向的对比分析,选择采用traincgf函数主导的具有5-12-3结构的BP神经网络,成功地构建起脱胶过程的预测模型。     

The Technology Parameters Optimization of Extracting Natural Cellulose Fibers from Eulaliopsis Binata

The extracting process and parameters optimization of Eulaliopsis binata fibers were studied.The components of Eulaliopsis binata were tested,the cellulose contents was about 45%,and the lignin content was as high as 18.5%.And the components of Eulaliopsis binata fibers were compared with some bast fibers.The analysis of physical and chemical properties related to acid,alkali,and auxiliary agent about cellulose and pectin,and lignin components in Eulaliopsis binata fibers were investigated.The chemical proc...     

Influence on the Quality of Apocynum Venetum with Different Degumming Methods

The biochemical degumming and chemical degumming were employed to process apocynum venetum, and indices values for the residual gum content, fineness, strength of single fiber, average length, moisture regain and whiteness of degummed apocynum venetum fibers are evaluated with fuzzy mathematical method. The results obtained from this investigation show that the general index value of degummed apocynum venetum fibers with biochemical degumming （K1=0.626 09） is prior to that with chemical degumming （K2 =0.421 64）.     

竹原纤维碱处理的最佳工艺条件

采用正交试验对竹原纤维进行碱处理,研究碱液浓度、温度和处理时间对其力学性能的影响;同时采用电子显微镜观察碱处理前后竹原纤维纵、横向微观结构．结果表明,碱液温度对竹原纤维强度性能影响较大,碱液浓度对纤维细度和伸长率的影响较大;竹原纤维碱处理最佳工艺条件为：碱液温度20℃,质量浓度7.5g/L ,处理时间90min ,此时纤维强度稍有下降,伸长率和细度不匀率明显改善,提升了竹原纤维可纺性．     

麻织物力学性能探讨

麻纤维是世界上最早被人类所使用的天然纤维,在耐用、保健以及舒适性能等方面具有其他纤维难以比拟的优势。论文选取亚麻、苎麻、罗布麻、棉及混纺织物进行对比研究,分析了麻织物的拉伸、撕破、顶破、耐磨等力学性能,得出了几种不同麻织物的力学性能,为更好地开发不同麻类纺织品提供了理论依据。     

大麻茎皮出麻率早期非破坏性预测技术研究

大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)是重要的"绿色纤维"之一.为了培育高纤维产量品种,需要建立茎皮出麻率的早期非破坏性评价技术以便在花前选留高出麻率材料作为杂交亲本或繁种群体.以3个大麻品种为材料,研究不同部位茎皮与整株茎皮出麻率的关系和生长过程中茎皮出麻率的变化式样,发现大麻植株的出麻率高低在生长前期已经确定,现雄蕾前30d植株3/5高度处或现雄蕾前20d植株2/5高度处宽1/5周径、长20cm茎皮出麻率可以很好地反映整株出麻率.结果表明,选择高出麻率大麻植株可在生长早中期现雄蕾前采用非破坏性方法进行.     

大麻脱胶方法的研究进展

分析了大麻纤维的主要结构特点,总结了目前大麻的主要脱胶方法有：天然水微生物脱胶法、化学脱胶法、物理脱胶法、生物脱胶法。综合分析了各脱胶方法的研究进展及特点。提出在今后生产中,大麻脱胶应该是多种方法联合使用,充分利用物理方法进行预处理,结合微生物、生物酶等进行处理,减少化学方法的使用,缩短脱胶的时间,提高脱胶的效率、效果和纤维质量,达到绿色环保的效果。     

Research on Pectase Secreted by Aspergillus Niger Degumming Kenaf Bast Fiber

In this paper, the aerobic metabolism mechanism of Aspergillus Niger （AS 3.3 50 ）, which is the most suitable bacteria for degumming kenaf fiber, is expounded, and macromolecular structure of pectin is also analyzed. The fracture position of the macromolecular chain of kenaf pectin and its outgrowth structure, affected by Endo-PG and Exo-PG are secreted by AS 3. 350 and explored in molecule scale. The optimal value of degumming parameters are fixed： temperature 34 - 36℃, time 48 - 50 h, pH 6.5 - 7.5. Compared with kenaf fibers obtained by natural method, the ones deguntmed by bio-enzymatic method possess of smoother surface, .better. Separation, less impairment and higher strength with. residual pectin percentage of 14.5 %.     

剑麻增强氰乙基化木复合材料的研究

报道了一种全天然植物纤维复合材料。该材料是以塑化的天然植物纤维(木粉)作为基体树脂,以天然植物纤维(剑麻)作为增强材料。通过氰乙基化反应,使木粉转化成为热塑性材料,再与短切剑麻纤维混合,热压制得植物纤维增强塑化植物纤维基复合材料。这种全天然纤维复合材料不仅具有与植物纤维增强传统聚合物基复合材料相似的性能,而且价廉、环境友好。     

碱处理对吸附铀纤维性能的研究

本文研究了碱处理对吸附铀纤维性能的影响。实验结果表明经过碱处理的纤维,吸附铀的能力比未经过碱处理的吸附铀能力大得多。但它们对铀的表观吸附能,在碱处理和未经过碱处理的纤维之间没有什么多大的差异。     

碱处理对吸附铀纤维性能的研究

本文研究了碱处理对吸附铀纤维性能的影响.实验结果表明经过碱处理的纤维,吸附铀的能力比未经过碱处理的吸附铀能力大得多.但它们对铀的表现吸附能,在碱处理和未经过碱处理的纤维之间没有什么多大的差异.     

亚麻优化脱胶工艺对纤维性能的影响

在正交试验设计方法的基础上,采用一种新型的脱胶工艺对亚麻纤维进行脱胶,利用方差分析法对结果进行分析,通过SEM观察雨露沤麻和化学脱胶后亚麻纤维的纵向结构和形态．实验结果表明,NaOH用量对亚麻脱胶后分离度和束纤维强度影响最大,温度对亚麻柬纤维强度影响显著;亚麻脱胶的最优工艺参数为：氢氧化钠10g／L,时间90min,温度100℃;化学脱胶的亚麻胶质去除更彻底,在保证强度的前提下,分离度更大,有利于提高成纱质量．     

牛角瓜、木棉和棉纤维的成分、结构和性能分析

牛角瓜、木棉和棉纤维均属于天然纤维素纤维.研究了牛角瓜纤维的物理性能参数、形态结构、微结构以及主要化学成分质量分数,并与木棉和棉纤维进行比较.结果表明,牛角瓜纤维断裂强度为4.45cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为3.40%,回潮率为11.90%;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对牛角瓜纤维的形态结构进行测试,发现横截面的中空度为80%～90%,纵向表面光滑,无天然扭曲;采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)测得纤维的结晶度为42.54%,晶区取向指数为85.40%;采用热分析仪测得初始降解温度为301.1℃;采用傅里叶变换红外-拉曼光谱仪(FTIR-Raman)测得纤维有木质素和纤维素的红外特征峰;利用化学方法测得纤维中木质素质量分数为8%～9%,纤维素约为64%,半纤维素约为20%,蜡质为2%～3%,果胶约为3%,灰分为1.2%～1.8%.     

Equilibrium and Kinetic Study of Sericin Protein Absorption onto Anion-Exchangable Fibers

Silk is made of sericin and fibroin proteins.The sericin constitutes 20%-30% of silk proteins and it covers the fibroin.Sericin is usually treated as impurity and removed during the process of degumming in dyeing and printing factories.However,sericin is a useful natural protein.In this paper,viscose anion-exchange fibers have been used to absorb sericin from waste water.The amount of adsorbed sericin into the viscose anion-exchange fibers at different temperatures and times has been studied.The study show ...     

Study on the Structure and Properties of Polynosic Fiber Treated by Alkali

The regenerated cellulose fibers, made from wood pulp, have excellent physical properties like cotton fiber. Especially polynosic fibers can be mercerized by alkali, but conventional Viscose fiber can not be treated or mercerized by alkali. The paper studies on behavior of polynosic fibers treated by alkali, including physical properties, such as weight loss, tensile strength and elongation, and fiber structures properties. In this paper, on the basis of study on polynosic fibers treated by alkali, the conclusions were drawn as following. Firstly, polynosic fiber is good at alkali resistance. Secondly, the changes of fiber structure and physical properties begin declining at 5 wt% NaOH concentration and reverse changes take place at 10 wt%.     

木棉纤维的微细结构研究——胞壁层次结构与原纤尺度

通过对木棉纤维横截面超薄切片的透射电镜观察，获得了木棉纤维的胞壁层次结构、原纤尺度及排列。木棉纤维胞壁具有清晰可见的多层状结构，基本上可以分为外表皮层S、胞壁1层W1、胞壁2层W2、胞壁3层W3和内皮层IS共5个基本的层次，各层具有不同的厚度和原纤堆砌密度与排列方向。可见木棉纤维横截面最小结构单元宽度为3．2～5．0nm，与棉纤维基原纤尺寸相当。实验证明，碱液对木棉纤维的可及性存在显著的个体差异；对于同一纤维胞壁各层的溶胀也存在差异。其中W2是最易被溶胀的；内皮层的原纤容易被分离出来。而未经溶胀处理的木棉纤维电镜照片反差弱，层次结构不够细致。     

表面处理对生物降解黄麻/PBS复合材料性能的影响

采用模压成型法制备了生物降解黄麻增强PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)复合材料,通过拉伸、弯曲性能测试、红外分析和扫描电子显微镜观察,探讨了碱处理和硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理对材料性能的影响.结果表明:碱处理和硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理均能够提高黄麻纤维的表面粗糙度,从而改善黄麻纤维与PBS树脂之间的界面黏结性能,提高黄麻/PBS复合材料的力学性能,特别是弯曲模量的提高十分显著,比未处理黄麻/PBS复合材料分别提高了58%和98.5%.此外,研究结果还表明,硅烷偶联剂KH-570的处理效果较碱处理好.     

Measurement of Chromium Content in Ramie through the DPC Color Development Spectrophotometry

Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry was used to test the chromium (Cr) content of bast fiber by using diphenylcarbazide (DPC) as color reagent.The results showed that complexes were formed from Cr (Ⅵ) ions and DPC under phosphoric acid condition.There was a maximum positive absorption peak at 540 nm.Cr (Ⅵ) concentration ( in the range of 0.004-1.000 mg · L-1 ) and the absorbance of complex obeyed the Lambert-Beer law.The optimal technology was dropping volume of phosphoric acid 0.4-0.6 mL,DPC content 2.0-4.0 mL,and coloration time 5-10 min.The total Cr content in bast fiber samples from a Cr mine area was tested,and the results showed that the total Cr contents decreased along the water flow of river.