一种改进的Rough集属性约简启发式遗传算法

属性约简是知识发现中的关键问题之一 .为了能够有效地获取决策表中属性最小相对约简 ,提出了一种在优化初始群体基础上提高算法性能的启发式遗传算法 .首先 ,通过构造一个新的算子 ,将信息论角度定义的属性重要性度量作为启发式信息 ,来描述所选择的属性子集对论域中确定分类子集的影响 ;接着 ,以此为基础并结合遗传算法 ,选择一些经过优化的染色体作为初始群体 ,在加强局部搜索能力的同时保持了该算法全局寻优的特性 .最后 ,从理论上对算法做了分析 ,证明了新算子所选择的属性子集对原有属性分类能力保持不变 .试验分析表明 ,该算法能有效地对决策表属性进行约简     

基于互信息和疑义度相结合的知识约简方法

提出一种基于互信息和疑义度相结合的知识约简方法，遵循修正的互信息准则，发展了一种类似于正交化特性的启发式算法，从决策系统中找出属性集的约简；该方法采用可增可删的双向回归算法，克服了目前前向选择或后向删除的知识约简方法中存在的属性相互依赖或依赖于决策类别的缺点，可保证分类精度不变的情况下，得到更为简化的决策属性集。最后，通过一个简单实例的仿真分析过程验证了文中所提方法的有效性。     

区间值序决策表的条件熵属性约简

由于数据自身的不确定性和观测条件有限，现实问题中许多数据以区间值形式呈现。其中，优势关系下的区间值信息表研究对于多属性决策问题有重要意义。目前针对该系统的属性约简方法主要是辨识矩阵法或基于互信息的增量式约简，但前者计算效率较低，而后者没有利用到决策信息。文章探讨了条件熵作为不确定性度量在该系统下的性质，通过比较不同属性缺失时信息系统的条件熵变化，引入了属性重要度概念，基于此提出启发式属性约简算法。最后，通过对比实验验证了本算法具有低冗余的特点，在约简率上比基于粗糙熵和正域不变等序信息系统的启发式约简。     

面向属性的粗集数据挖掘方法研究

指出粗集理论的主要思想是在保持分类能力不变的情况下,利用等价类,通过属性约简和决策规则约简,达到挖掘知识并简化知识的目的.但约简问题是一个NP问题,只能通过启发式算法实现.针对这一问题,提出了属性约简和决策规则约简的启发式算法,构成了一个基于粗集理论的挖掘集成算法.最后通过实例表明,该集成算法能够以较高的效率发现良好的分类规则.     

基于粗糙集属性变分区的属性约简

应用粗糙集的方法,分析决策系统中不同的属性分类方法,以及不同分类方法引起的属性重要性与属性相对约简极小子集的变化情况,寻求属性分类方法与属性约简结果相互影响的内在因素,给出高效的属性分类方法和合理确定约简子集的策略,生成策略对应软件的实现算法,并运用软件实现算法来选取相对约简子集．试验结果显示了该策略及算法的有效性．     

基于信息粒度与交互信息的属性约简改进算法

经典粗糙集的前向启发式正域约简算法没有考虑到存在多个重要度最大的条件属性时如何合理地去选择候选属性;同时在度量条件属性间相关性时忽略了决策属性的影响程度,由此得到的约简集合泛化能力较弱.针对这些问题,首先引入信息粒度,提出一种候选属性选择的优化策略;其次引入信息论中交互信息的概念,通过计算属性之间的交互信息来剔除冗余属...     

基于邻域粗糙集的不完整决策系统特征选择算法

针对不完整决策系统属性约简算法时间复杂度较高问题,基于正域不变条件下,决策系统分类能力保持不变原则,提出不完整决策系统前向顺序特征选择算法.该算法从约简集为空集开始,根据在约简集合中加入各属性后对正域影响程度大小将属性降序排列,采用顺序前向搜索,选择当前最佳特征加入特征约简集合,确定最佳特征子集.将该算法扩展到基于邻域...     

基于邻域粗糙集的连续值分布式数据属性约简

为了去除系统中的冗余属性,保持系统的分类能力,研究了连续值分布式数据的属性约简.给出了连续值分布式决策信息系统中邻域粗糙集的定义,讨论了分布式连续值决策信息系统中正域计算的可分解性.以保持分布式决策信息系统的正域不变为前提,探讨了分布式决策信息系统中属性的可约性,提出了分布式连续值决策信息系统的属性约简算法.为了验证该算法的有效性,在7份数据集上进行了3组实验.实验使用提出的算法对分布式数据进行属性约简,进而采用加权集成的方式进行分类测试.实验结果表明,该算法能够有效去除连续值分布式数据中的冗余属性,使得约简后的连续值分布式数据的集成分类能力与约简前相差不大.甚至更高.     

基于相对知识量重要度的属性约简算法

在有效处理噪声数据的基于区分能力大小的启发式算法的基础上，引入了属性的相对知识量重要度的概念．以属性相对知识量重要度为启发式信息，提出了一种属性约简算法，通过实例证明了该算法的有效性．     

一种基于区分矩阵的实值属性约简算法

通过粗糙集理论对一种实值属性约简算法进行了研究,给出了实值决策系统属性约简的算法,并采用UCI中的数据集进行分析,实验结果表明:该约简方法可以选择较少的属性而保持或改善分类能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.