考虑围压和密度的饱和砂土液化后单调加载本构方程

为评价地震液化时饱和砂土初始液化后变形,研究了有效围压和密度对饱和砂土液化后单调加载应力应变的影响。基于初始液化后加载试验结果,改进了模拟饱和砂土液化后单调加载的本构方程,考虑了围压和密度的影响,并给出了门槛剪切应变随围压变化的关系式。结果表明:密度的影响可以由临界应力状态线的斜率的变化来体现;有效围压变化的影响可以由门槛剪切应变的变化来反映。     

砂土速率相关黏性特性的有限元分析

根据复杂加载条件下饱和砂土排水平面应变压缩试验,分析了砂土的速率相关的黏性特性.试验发现砂土存在显著的加载速率效应、蠕变变形和应力松弛,并且在应变速率突变、蠕变或应力松弛之后,以新的应变速率重新加载时呈现出高刚度行为.针对砂土的变形强度特性提出了一种非线性有限元计算方法,砂土本构关系采用了三要素弹黏塑性本构模型.将有限元计算结果与试验结果进行比较,表明建议的有限元计算方法不仅可以较为精确地模拟砂土的平均应力-应变关系,同时也可以模拟包含变应变速率加载、蠕变加载、应力松弛加载的全过程黏塑特性.     

混凝土冻融损伤后双轴受力下的脆弹性损伤本构模型

针对普通混凝土受冻融循环损伤作用后,其力学行为不仅依赖于混凝土基体的行为,而且与冻融循环次数有关的特性,以冻融循环作用后混凝土试件在双轴压加载条件下的应力-应变关系曲线为研究对象,考虑到混凝土主压向应变会受到次压向有效应力影响的特点,建立了基于损伤力学理论和热力学原理,并考虑了双轴压应力比影响的普通混凝土双轴压损伤本构模型,与冻融循环作用后普通混凝土在双轴压加载条件下测得的应力-应变关系的试验曲线进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:所建立的普通混凝土双轴压损伤本构模型,可以较好地描述冻融循环作用后普通混凝土在双轴压加载条件下的本构关系.     

饱和砂土应力应变控制试验动力特性的比较

利用振动扭剪试验,在应力控制和应变控制加载条件下,对饱和砂土材料的残余孔压累积特性及剪应力剪应变骨干曲线随孔压变化的瞬态特性进行了试验研究,并利用提出的弹塑性动应力应变本构模型,对应力控制和应变控制试验的瞬时滞回曲线及应变路径长度进行了分析比较,从多方面探讨了应力控制和应变控制加载条件下饱和砂土 态动力特性之间的内在联系。     

循环荷载作用下沥青混合料的黏弹塑性损伤本构模型

为较好描述损伤状态下沥青混合料的黏弹塑性应力-应变关系、明确动态循环荷载对其损伤本构关系的影响,利用经典黏弹塑性流变理论,在Burgers黏弹性模型上串联一个黏塑性元件,并根据损伤力学应变等效原理,建立了一个能体现动态循环荷载作用特点及能考虑加载频率影响的沥青混合料黏弹塑性损伤本构模型.同时进行间接拉伸疲劳试验,研究加载频率、环境温度、应力水平、沥青用量及沥青种类对混合料应力-应变关系的影响,并标定模型参数、验证模型的有效性.结果表明:所建模型不仅能较好描述沥青混合料在动态循环荷载作用下的损伤本构关系,还能体现加载频率、环境温度及荷载水平等因素对应力-应变关系的影响;模型参数意义明确、规律性强,值得进一步研究和推广.     

不排水条件下全风化花岗岩残积土工程特性与本构模型

通过土工试验对不排水剪切条件下的饱和松散砂质土的工程特性进行了探讨 ,发现其在剪切时的应力 -应变关系呈现出加工软化特性 ,土体超过峰值强度后最终达到了变形的稳定状态 .基于稳定状态概念 ,将临界土力学理论与非线性应力 -应变关系相结合 ,建立了非线性应力 -应变 -临界状态本构模型 .采用香港钻石山地区全风化花岗岩残积土的不排水三轴试验结果 ,确定了有关模型参数 ,验证了所建议本构模型的合理性     

乙烯-四氟乙烯薄膜循环拉伸的黏弹塑性本构模型

对250μm厚乙烯-四氟乙烯(Ethylene-Tetra-Fluoro-Ethylene,ETFE)薄膜进行了单轴循环拉伸试验,通过试验得出ETFE薄膜的应力应变曲线,基于宏观现象和各向同性材料小应变假设,推导了适用于ETFE薄膜单轴循环拉伸第1次加载和卸载的本构方程,编写了采用两步法确定本构方程中参数的程序,利用程序模拟了ETFE薄膜在循环拉伸状态下第1次加载和卸载的应力应变关系.通过与试验得到的应力应变关系对比分析,验证了该本构方程和程序的正确性.提出的ETFE薄膜的本构方程可以较为准确地预测ETFE材料的应力应变关系,为ETFE薄膜结构的分析和计算提供参考.     

路堤软土地基沉降有限元非线性分析

用Biot固结有限元法对路堤软基沉降作非线性有限元分析 ,计算中考虑了土体侧向变形、水平向渗流对沉降的影响 ;采用非线性本构模型 ,考虑了土体应力、应变关系的非线性特性 ;考虑了施工的逐级加载 .计算结果与实测吻合较好 .     

基于Abaqus软件的砂土弹塑性本构实现及验证

基于能量型砂土的软硬化弹塑性本构模型,结合Abaqus软件提供的用户材料子程序umat接口,提出了调整步长及限制屈服面滑移的向前欧拉显式积分算法,并将其嵌入到Abaqus软件中,实现了本构模型的程序化.数值模拟结果与室内试验结果的比较表明,提出的模型可以较好地模拟砂土加载过程中的应力-应变关系,从而也验证了算法程序的有效性.     

预应力钢绞线动态力学拉伸性能及本构关系

首先利用电液伺服加载试验机对单束钢绞线在(10~(-3)~10~(-1)s~(-1))应变率范围内进行动态力学拉伸试验;然后根据实验数据,分析了不同应变率对屈服强度的影响规律;并对我国设计规范中用于硬钢类材料简化计算的Ramberg-Osgood本构模型进行修正,以获得可以更好地描述钢绞线动态拉伸应力-应变关系的本构模型。研究表明,单束钢绞线的应变率越大,其屈服应变和极限应变越小,屈服强度越大。修正后的Ramberg-Osgood本构模型能够较好地描述钢绞线动态拉伸应力-应变关系;并且随着应变率的增大,钢绞线的硬化指数减小,残余应变增大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with