曲克芦丁钯配合物对Heck芳基化反应的催化性能研究

制备了曲克芦丁钯配合物,利用红外光谱分析仪、紫外光谱分析仪对配合物进行了表征.考察了催化剂对芳基卤与丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应的催化性能.结果表明:曲克芦丁钯配合物能够有效地催化对芳基卤和丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应,产率可达70%以上.尤其是对碘苯与丙烯酸的反应,具有更好的催化性能.     

二茂铁亚胺环钯二聚体催化合成联苯及其衍生物的研究

在氩气保护下,以二异丙基乙基胺为碱,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,利用二茂铁亚胺环钯二聚体催化结构多样化的碘代芳烃自身偶联反应,高效地合成对称联苯及其衍生物.此方法具有操作简便,反应时间短,催化剂用量少和产率高等优点.     

取代溴苯的钯催化偶联反应

以 4 -氟溴苯、3,4 -二氟溴苯、3,4 ,5 -三氟溴苯、4 -碘溴苯、4 -甲氧基溴苯、4 -丙基溴苯为原料 ,分别与 2 -甲基 - 3-丁炔 - 2 -醇发生钯催化偶联反应 ,合成了 6个苯基炔醇液晶用中间体 .分别在 4 0℃、70℃、89℃ ,用两种不同活性催化剂条件下 ,测定了 6种反应原料发生钯催化偶联反应所需时间及相应产率 .从而可分析出温度、催化剂、不同取代基团对取代溴苯发生钯催化偶联反应活性的影响     

曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属催化剂对Heck反应催化性能研究

制备了曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属配合物催化剂,考察了催化剂对芳基卤和取代基芳基卤与丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应的催化性能.结果表明:在反应温度为80℃、反应时间为8 h、TBABr作为溶剂和三丁胺作为碱的条件下,曲克芦丁-Pd/Ce双金属配合物能够有效地催化Heck芳基化反应,产率达85%以上.该催化剂对不同取代基芳基卤与丙烯酸的Heck反应也有很好的催化性能.     

MCM—41载钯配合物催化性能的研究

以MCM－41分子筛作为固载材料,经氨基功能化后与各种钯化合物形成MCM－41载钯配合物。研究了催化剂的制备条件等因素对催化碘代苯与丙烯酸的Heck芳基化反应性能的影响。结果表明,MCM－NH2载钯配合物具有高的催化活性,立体选择性和合成肉桂酸产率高等性能。     

室温/水相体系下纤维钯配合物催化Suzuki反应研究

以偕胺肟化的聚丙烯腈纤维为载体,制备了偕胺肟纤维-钯（Ⅱ）配合物[AOFs-Pd（Ⅱ）].考察了AOFsPd（Ⅱ）催化苯硼酸频哪醇酯与卤代芳烃Suzuki反应的催化性能.结果表明：在室温下,乙醇/水（V/V=2∶1,30mL）为溶剂,碳酸钾（10mmol）为碱,AOFs-Pd（Ⅱ）（0.1g）、苯硼酸频哪醇酯（6mmol）与碘苯（5mmol）反应时,产率能达到90%以上.而且本反应对于溴代苯及其衍生物和溴代杂环芳烃也具有良好的适应性.反应后催化剂易从反应体系中分离,并可以重复使用6次.     

双咪唑鎓盐催化苯偶姻缩合反应的研究

设计合成了一种新型的双咪唑鎓盐,研究了该双咪唑鎓盐催化苯甲醛合成苯偶姻的安息香缩合反应,考察了溶剂,催化剂用量、反应温度、碱的用量及不同底物对该反应的影响.结果表明:双咪唑鎓盐3能有效地催化苯偶姻缩合反应,且反应的最佳条件:温度为60℃,催化剂用量为2mmol%,50%NaOH/H2O(4.0equiv.)作碱、THF作溶剂,化学产率最高可达75%.     

负载碘催化Knoevenagel反应

研究负载碘催化Knoevenagel反应,考察催化剂、溶剂、碱添加剂对产率的影响,正交实验优化反应时间、温度及原料用量.最优条件为:乙醇为溶剂,碱添加剂为醋酸锌,45℃反应15 min,产率最高可达93.0%.红外、核磁、熔点表征产物.此催化体系底物适应性良好,蒙脱土与分子碘有协同效应并可以循环使用3次.     

磁性负载催化剂Pd/Fe_3O_4的制备及其在Sonogashira反应中的应用

利用浸渍法制备Pd/Fe_3O_4负载型磁性纳米催化剂并对其进行表征,研究Pd/Fe_3O_4在碘苯与苯乙炔的Sonogashira偶联反应中的催化性能.结果表明:在100℃、DMF为溶剂、K_2CO_3为碱源的反应条件下, Pd的负载量摩尔分数为13.7%时, Pd/Fe_3O_4的催化活性最高;其催化活性与负载的纳米Pd粒径有关, Pd粒径为3.56 nm时催化性能最佳;利用外磁场分离回收催化剂,循环使用5次后,其催化产率为75.3%,仍有较高的催化活性.     

钯催化烯丙基酯亲核取代反应的研究进展

钯催化不对称烯丙基取代反应是一种合成手性化合物的重要方法之一. 本文综述了近年来钯催化烯丙基酯衍生物亲核取代反应的研究进展,重点讨论了钯催化剂、烯丙基酯衍生物底物的结构、亲核试剂类型、溶剂及添加剂等因素对烯丙基亲核取代反应的影响. 并对可能的反应机理进行了讨论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.