经胆囊管胆总管探查、碎石、取石28例

目的：探讨纤维胆道镜技术在胆总管探查中的应用。方法：对2例有胆总管探查指征患者切除胆囊后，术中经胆囊管插入纤维胆道镜探查胆总管，发现结石者用取石篮取出结石或以等离子碎石机碎石后取出，取石后一期结扎胆囊管。结果：其中2例探查阴性（7．1％），成功经胆囊管胆道镜取石26例。结论：纤维胆道镜经胆囊管胆总管探查、取石及等离子碎石机联合应用是一种简单、可行、安全的方法，值得推广。     

纤微胆道镜术中对胆管不扩张结石患者的诊治价值

术中纤微胆道镜对降低术后胆道残余结石和胆道损伤的发生率有重要价值。现将我院1999年-2004年收治的术前B超未提示有胆总管结石和扩张的胆囊结石病人1452例，其中70例作术中经胆囊管纤微胆道镜检查，报告如下。     

胆道镜诊断治疗临床分析

根据胆道镜在临床运用中存在的问题,找出对策,提高诊断准确率和治愈率.运用胆道镜行胆道术中及术后探查以及取石术.术中及术后共取石108例,手术指导性探查19次,共失败9例.要重视手术操作和T管窦道的培育,熟练掌握内镜下结石套取牵引,冲吸和结石钻孔碎石技巧是处理巨大结石的关键,合理运用慧星征原理.对于胆总管下段结石可利用镜身扩张狭窄部位或将其推入十二指肠.     

规则性肝切除联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石

目的:探讨规则性肝切除联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的临床疗效.方法:对我院1999年1月至2006年12月86例检查完善、诊断明确的肝内胆管结石患者行规则性肝叶切除联合胆道镜治疗,术后观察患者的疗效和预后.结果:86例患者根据术前检查确定的结石部位的不同,采用了不同的肝切除术式,术中均使用了胆道镜.本组患者死亡率为0,术后发生并发症13例,发生率为15.12%,主要为胆瘘5例(5.81%)、膈下脓肿3例(3.49%)、切口感染5例(5.81%).术后残石8例,残石率为9.30%.术后追踪5年,结石复发15例,复发率为17.44%.结论:规则性肝切除联合胆道镜治疗肝胆管结石是安全可行的,可有效减低术后残石率及结石复发率,且并发症少.     

纤维胆道镜在胆道手术中及术后的应用

目的:探讨胆道镜在胆道外科手术中的应用价值.方法:胆道镜直视胆道内部,取石、组织活检.结果:257例患者在肝胆管手术中应用胆道镜,明显减少了胆道术后残留结石的发生率,同时对胆道恶性肿瘤配合手术治疗达到良好的效果.结论:术中及术后用纤维胆道镜取石效果显著.     

内镜治疗胆总管结石30例分析

目的:探讨胆总管结石的内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)及取石的疗效.方法:对30例胆总管结石行EST及气囊取石,直径＜1.0cm结石用网篮或气囊取石,直径＞1.2cm结石用机械网篮碎石,再用网篮或气囊取石.结果:取石成功28例,成功率933%,一次性清除结石率86.7%,2例术后并发胰腺炎,2例残留结石,并发症占6.7%,结论:EST和气囊治疗胆总管结石,可使病人免于剖腹手术或胆道结石术后的再次手术,并且安全有效,并发症少,可多次进行,是目前治疗胆总管结石较理想的微创方法.     

胆总管一期缝合24例分析

分析了胆总管探查一期缝合在临床上的应用适应症。选定24例择期胆总管探查术患者行胆总管一期缝合术。其中20例行胆囊切除+胆总管探查取石,4例系胆囊切除术后继发胆总管结石,单纯行胆总管探查取石。常规胆道镜探查取石后,根据术中探查胆管情况,行胆总管一起缝合。用细小圆针、0#慕丝线对胆道切开处作间断一期缝合,Winslow氏孔置引流管。一期缝合24例均无胆漏发生,术后第1天可下床活动,第2天胃肠功能恢复可进食;术后第5~7天拔除负压引流管,术后第7天切口拆线出院。住院9~11d,住院费用平均下降10%,术后随访6个月至1年24例患者均无胆管狭窄、梗阻性黄疸发生。胆总管探查一期缝合术相对于T管引流术,具有损伤小、恢复快、术后生活质量相对高、费用省、住院时间短等优点。只要外科医师掌握好适应症,胆道探查一期缝合是可行的。     

组合式输尿管软镜联合钬激光治疗上尿路结石41例报告

探讨组合式输尿管软镜联合钬激光碎石治疗上尿路结石的临床效果。对甘肃省人民医院泌尿外科2013年1月~2014年6月行输尿管软镜联合钬激光治疗上尿路结石的41例患者资料进行回顾性分析。其中肾中、上盏结石17例,肾下盏结石2例,肾盂结石16例,上段输尿管结石2例,多肾盏结石4例。结石直径平均17 mm(8~30mm)。全麻或硬膜外麻醉下,探及结石后采用钬激光击碎结石。术后常规留置F5~7双J管,留置导尿管2~5d。术后4周常规复查KUB或B超,评价碎石排净率。本组41例中,一次成功碎石率94.9%(37/39),其中2例均因肾下盏结石输尿管软镜无法完全到位而中止手术。手术时间平均为47min(40~120min)。术后住院时间平均5d(3~7 d),所有病例未出现严重的并发症。术后4周拔除双J管,碎石排净率为91.9%(35/37)。组合式输尿管软镜治疗上尿路结石,具有微创、疗效确实、并发症少的优点。     

不同胆总管取石术联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效比较

探讨比较不同胆总管取石术联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。选取2019年2月至2020年1月在某医院收治的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者150例,依据随机数字表法分为胆总管切开取石术组(LCBDE组)和十二指肠镜胆总管取石术组(ERCP组)各75例,其中LCBDE组给予LCBDE联合LC治疗,ERCP组给予ERCP联合LC治疗,术后观察2组患者白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、淀粉酶(AMS)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBL)等实验室指标,记录2组患者术中出血量和术后下床时间、排气时间、住院时间、手术时间、并发症(胆管炎、出血、胆道感染、胆瘘、胆道狭窄、胰腺炎、胆管恶变)、手术成功率、结石清除率、复发率等情况。ERCP组术中出血量和术后白细胞介素6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、下床时间、排气时间、住院时间、并发症率明显低于LCBDE组,ERCP组手术时间、治疗费用明显高于LCBDE组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),ERCP组和LCBDE组术后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBL)、淀粉酶(AMS)、手术成功率、结石清除率、复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。LCBDE与ERCP联合LC对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的治疗疗效基本相同,ERCP联合LC具有创伤小、并发症少、术后康复好等优点,LCBDE联合LC具有操作简单、治疗费用低等优点,提示应依据临床需求选择术式。     

胆道结石手术中胆道镜的临床价值

探讨胆道结石手术中常规使用胆道镜检查在降低胆道残余结石率的作用。使用了胆道镜检查,并结合运用常规胆道取石方法,通过比较病人术后胆道残余结石发生率,得出病人术后胆道残余结石发生率为8.7%,与传统的胆道探查取石方法相比明显降低了胆道残余结石率(P<0.01),差异有显著性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with