黑大蒜多糖对X射线辐射损伤小鼠的防护作用

目的 探讨黑大蒜多糖对X射线辐射损伤小鼠的防护作用.方法 将75只雄性昆明小鼠按体质量随机分为空白对照组、辐射模型组、黑大蒜多糖低、中、高剂量组(给药剂量分别为150、300、600 mg/kg).小鼠于辐射前进行预防性给药,黑大蒜多糖各剂量组每日分别灌胃2 mL不同浓度黑蒜多糖提取物,空白对照和辐射模型组灌胃2 mL生理盐水,连续灌胃14 d后,除空白对照组外,使用直线加速器对各组动物进行全身X射线照射,源皮距为100 cm,照射野为20 cm×20 cm,辐射剂量率为400 cGy/min,每日辐射总吸收剂量为2 Gy,连续照射2 d.辐射后,分别检测小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数、血常规、肝脏组织中抗氧化相关酶活性,观察内源性脾结节数和骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率.结果 与空白对照组比较,辐射模型组小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数降低,CFU-S数和骨髓微核率增加,WBC和PLT计数降低,T-SOD、LDH、T-AOC活力和GSH含量下降.与辐射模型组比较,黑大蒜多糖600 mg/kg组可增高胸腺指数、脾脏指数、PLT计数及LDH、T-AOC活力;300 mg/kg组可提高WBC计数;150、300、600 mg/kg组可增加CFU-S数、T-SOD活力、GSH含量,降低骨髓微核率.结论 黑大蒜多糖可减轻X射线辐射对小鼠免疫器官和全血WBC、PLT的影响,能够增强辐射后小鼠肝脏抗氧化能力,减轻辐射诱导的氧化损伤,降低骨髓微核率,具有较强的抗辐射损伤作用.     

熊去氧胆酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法将昆明种小鼠60只随机分为正常对照组、模型组、联苯双酯组(200mg/kg)、熊去氧胆酸低剂量组(UDCA-L(30mg/kg)),熊去氧胆酸中剂量组(UDCA-M(60 mg/kg))、熊去氧胆酸高剂量组(UDCA-H(120 mg/kg))。除正常对照组外,其余各组均灌胃给药,1次/d,连续10 d,灌胃容积为0.2 mL/10g。每日灌胃给药30 min后,除正常对照组灌胃等容积的蒸馏水外,其余各组小鼠均灌胃35度二锅头白酒16 m L/kg,造酒精性肝损伤模型。10 d后,观察小鼠肝脏、脾脏系数、检测血清ALT、AST,肝组织SOD、GSH、MDA、NO的水平。HE染色,观察肝病理变化。结果 UDCA各剂量组均可降低小鼠脾脏系数和血清ALT、AST活性,升高肝组织SOD、GSH活性,并降低肝组织MDA和NO含量(P 0.05或P0.01)。结论 UDCA对小鼠酒精性肝损伤有一定的保护作用。     

复方中药对流感病毒 A / PR / 8 / 34( H1N1)感染小鼠淋巴细胞功能和细胞因子的影响

摘要:目的 观察复方中药对流感病毒 A / PR / 8 / 34( H1N1) 感染小鼠淋巴细胞功能和细胞因子的影响。 方法 90只 BALB / c 小鼠随机分为 6 组,每组 15 只,分别为空白对照组、模型对照组、盐酸金刚烷胺对照组( 100 mg / kg) 、复方中药高剂量组(1. 5 g / kg) 、中剂量组(0. 75 g / kg)与低剂量组(0. 375 g / kg)组。 中药组连续灌胃 2 d 后,空白对照组滴鼻生理盐水,其他 5 组小鼠滴鼻流感病毒感染建立流感病毒小鼠模型,模型建立 4 h 后空白对照组和模型对照组灌胃去离子水,药物组灌胃不同剂量药物,连续 5 d。 灌胃结束后无菌取血,小鼠安乐死,取胸腺和脾脏,计算胸腺指数和脾脏指数;采用 MTT 测定各组的 T、B 淋巴细胞转化率;ELISA 检测肺组织中的细胞因子 IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α 和 IFN-γ 水平。 结果 与空白对照组相比,模型对照组胸腺指数和脾脏指数,T、B 淋巴细胞 A 值, IL-10 和 IFN-γ显著下降, TNF-α 和 IL-6 显著升高( P<0. 01) ;与模型对照组相比,复方中药中剂量组胸腺指数和脾脏指数,T、B 淋巴细胞 A 值,IL-10 和复方中药高剂量组 IFN-γ 显著增高,复方中药中剂量组 IL-6 显著下降( P < 0. 05) ,复方中药中、低剂量组 TNF-α 显著下降,IFN-γ 显著升高( P<0. 01) 。 结论 复方中药通过调节机体淋巴细胞功能和细胞因 子分泌水平,从而改善肺部炎症,是治疗病毒性流感的作用机制之一。     

黑牛肝菌多糖对酒精性损伤小鼠心脏及脾脏抗氧化作用的研究

本文旨在研究黑牛肝菌多糖(RPBA)对酒精性损伤小鼠心脏及脾脏的抗氧化保护作用.将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、RPBA中剂量组(200 mg/kg bw·d)和高剂量组(400 mg/kg bw·d),在给予各受试样品30 d后,各组小鼠禁食不禁水12 h,然后除空白组外其余3个组都灌以50%酒精,灌胃量12 mL/kg·bw,空白对照组灌等体积的蒸馏水.12 h后将各组动物处死,取心脏、脾脏测定各项抗氧化指标.结果发现,黑牛肝菌多糖能有效提高SOD活性,降低MDA含量.结论:黑牛肝菌多糖对急性酒精损伤小鼠的心脏和脾脏有一定的保护作用.     

黑牛肝菌多糖对酒精性损伤小鼠心脏及脾脏抗氧化作用的研究

本文旨在研究黑牛肝菌多糖(RPBA)对酒精性损伤小鼠心脏及脾脏的抗氧化保护作用.将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、RPBA中剂量组(200 mg/kg bw·d)和高剂量组(400 mg/kg bw·d),在给予各受试样品30 d后,各组小鼠禁食不禁水12 h,然后除空白组外其余3个组都灌以50%酒精,灌胃量12 mL/kg·bw,空白对照组灌等体积的蒸馏水.12 h后将各组动物处死,取心脏、脾脏测定各项抗氧化指标.结果发现,黑牛肝菌多糖能有效提高SOD活性,降低MDA含量.结论:黑牛肝菌多糖对急性酒精损伤小鼠的心脏和脾脏有一定的保护作用.     

五指毛桃对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

探讨五指毛桃对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用.将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、葛花组、五指毛桃低、中、高剂量组,葛花组按0.53 g/(kg·d)剂量灌胃葛花提取物;五指毛桃低、中、高剂量组按0.2 g/(kg·d)、0.4 g/(kg·d)、0.6 g/(kg·d)剂量灌胃五指毛桃提取液;空白对照组和模型对照组灌胃等量0.9％生理盐水.30 min后,除空白对照组外剂量组和模型对照组分别按剂量10 mL/kg灌胃牛栏山二锅头(56％乙醇),连续灌胃10天,考察体重、自主活动次数、肝脏指数、GSH含量、SOD活性、TNF-α、NF-κB、IL-1β和IL-6的水平.各组小鼠体重无显著性差异.与空白对照组相比,模型对照组自主活动次数、肝脏指数、IL-6、IL-1β 、TNF-α和NF-κB水平均有所升高,GSH含量、SOD活性均有所下降;与模型对照组相比,低、中、高剂量的五指毛桃组均在不同程度上降低肝脏指数、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α、NF-κB水平,升高GSH含量和SOD活性.五指毛桃对小鼠酒精性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用.     

扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

目的:通过观察扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏)重量、脾淋巴细胞增殖活性及细胞因子(IL-2)分泌的影响,探讨扶正升血颗粒对荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的调节作用.方法:采用荷H22(肝癌)实体瘤小鼠模型,用免疫器官重量法计算胸腺指数(TI)和脾脏指数(SI),用MTT比色法测定淋巴细胞增殖反应,用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定脾淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-2的浓度.结果:扶正升血颗粒大、中、小剂量组荷瘤小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数均高于模型组,其中大剂量组TI、SI分别为18.9mg/10g、76.3mg/10g,较模型组分别增长36.0％、17.9％(p＜0.05);中剂量组TI为18.0mg/10g,较模型组增长29.5％(p＜0.05).扶正升血颗粒各剂量组荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性均高于模型组,以大剂量组作用最优,与模型组比较有显著性差异(p＜0.05).扶正升血颗粒各剂量组小鼠脾淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-2的浓度均较模型组增高,大剂量组IL-2的浓度为61.6pg/ml,与模型组比较有显著性差异(p＜0.05).结论:扶正升血颗粒对荷H22瘤小鼠免疫器官胸腺、脾脏具有增重作用,能够增强脾淋巴细胞增殖活性,促进荷瘤小鼠细胞因子IL-2的分泌,表明扶正升血颗粒能明显增强荷瘤小鼠机体的免疫功能.     

桑叶槲皮素对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响

以桑叶(Morus alba L.)槲皮素为研究对象,探索其对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠抗氧化能力和对其肠道菌群多样性的影响.连续8周腹腔注射D-半乳糖(120 mg/(kg·d))建立小鼠衰老模型,以抗坏血酸为阳性对照组,槲皮素低、中、高剂量组分别按体质量灌胃50、100和200 mg/(kg·d) 30 d,空白对照组灌胃生理盐水.30 d后测量小鼠血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量,提取小鼠粪便细菌总DNA,PCR-DGGE方法检测扩增产物进行多样性分析.与衰老模型组相比,高剂量桑叶槲皮素可以不同程度提高衰老小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数,降低T-AOC、SOD、GSHPx水平和MDA含量(P0.05),同时槲皮素低、中、高剂量组小鼠肠道菌群多样性均高于衰老模型组,且随剂量增加而增加.结果表明:桑叶槲皮素能抑制体内过氧化物的生成,有效清除体内的自由基,显著提高衰老小鼠抗氧化能力,同时可通过改善衰老小鼠肠道菌群多样性,调整肠道菌群,从而延缓衰老.     

紫草素对D-半乳糖/亚硝酸钠诱导痴呆小鼠学习记忆的影响

为观察紫草素对D-半乳糖/亚硝酸钠诱导的痴呆小鼠学习记忆的影响,采用D-半乳糖/亚硝酸钠诱导建立的痴呆小鼠模型,观察紫草素(2、4、8 mg/kg/d)对痴呆小鼠学习记忆的影响及对脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的影响。结果显示:给予紫草素8(mg/kg)/d对痴呆小鼠模型的学习、记忆具有明显改善作用。紫草素2、4、8(mg/kg)/d均可降低痴呆小鼠模型皮层及海马组织中MDA含量:紫草素各剂量组亦可明显增加痴呆小鼠海马组织中SOD活性,高剂量组可明显增加痴呆小鼠皮层组织中SOD活性,而紫草素8 mg/kg/d尚可增加皮层组织中GSH-Px活性;紫草素高剂量组对皮层和海马组织中AChE活性均有相对较弱的选择性抑制作用。由此可知,紫草素对痴呆小鼠学习记忆的改善作用可能与其降低脑组织中氧化应激水平及增强中枢胆碱能神经功能有关。     

有氧运动结合黄芪多糖对小鼠Lewis肺癌免疫调节研究

探究有氧运动结合不同剂量黄芪多糖对肺癌小鼠免疫调节机制。将Lewis肺癌细胞接种C57BL/6小鼠右侧腋下作为荷瘤模型,荷瘤小鼠被随机分为模型组,阳性药组(环磷酰胺,20 mg/kg),黄芪多糖高(400 mg/kg)、低(100mg/kg)剂量组,黄芪多糖高剂量(400 mg/kg)辅助游泳运动30 min组,黄芪多糖低剂量(100 mg/kg)辅助游泳运动30 min组,每组10只小鼠。通过计算公式统计各组小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数,用蛋白免疫印迹法检测瘤块中RORγt和FOXP3蛋白的表达,流式细胞法检测外周血CD4+/CD8+的水平,免疫组化法检测瘤块中IDO的表达。实验结果表明:黄芪多糖能显著稳定增加小鼠脾脏指数(P <0.05),保持胸腺指数稳定;阳性药组显著抑制脾脏和胸腺的生长(P <0.05);有氧运动结合黄芪多糖组可显著降低RORγt的蛋白和m RNA水平(P <0.05),能有效地提高FOXP3的蛋白和mRNA水平(P <0.05)。有氧运动结合黄芪多糖可有效有氧调节肺癌小鼠的免疫,为有氧运动结合黄芪多糖的临床应用提供了依据,也为肿瘤的治疗提供了新的思路。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to