钢管拱桁架在地震作用下的动力响应研究

研究了单榀钢管空间拱桁架在地震荷载作用下的动力响应。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元动力分析程序,探讨了该结构在竖向输入El-centro地震波作用下的动力响应,以及在各级地震荷载作用下,如何计算拱桁架的动力响应。指出结构的位移和内力响应随地震加速度峰值的增加呈非线性变化;支座附近的杆件塑性应变响应最大,发展最快,首先达到材料的极限应变而退出工作;在地震响应中,该结构支座附近的杆件是最薄弱的部位。     

交错桁架钢框架结构抗震设计方法研究

为实现交错桁架钢框架结构的延性设计,提高结构的抗震性能,通过研究桁架腹杆设计方法与结构层间位移角限值要求,提出了一种交错桁架钢框架结构抗震设计方法.首先分析了交错桁架钢框架结构中桁架的典型破坏机制,基于桁架空腹节间弦杆破坏的理想失效模式,提出了水平地震作用下桁架杆件的内力计算模型及罕遇地震作用下腹杆内力的调整方法;其次,基于桁架理想失效模式和极限变形能力,分析了罕遇地震下桁架层间位移角的组成,推导并提出了不同空腹节间距下结构的弹塑性层间位移角限值;最后,提出了水平地震作用下交错桁架钢框架结构抗震设计方法及流程.算例分析表明,采用本文提出的抗震设计方法,能有效地耗散地震能量,实现结构"强腹杆弱弦杆"和"大震不倒"的抗震设计目标.     

拉萨市文成公主实景演出剧场管桁架雨棚的线性时程分析

以8度区(0.2g)某悬挑28 m的三角形管桁架雨棚为研究对象。输入调整后的地震波,分别按双向水平地震作用和三向地震作用这两种工况,对三角形管桁架雨棚进行线性时程分析。做出这两种工况作用下有代表性的节点位移曲线和杆件轴力、弯矩时程曲线并进行对比分析。结果表明,线性时程分析不宜忽略竖向地震分量;同时,在对三角形管桁架雨棚进行三向地震波输入时,其加速度最大值宜考虑1∶0.85∶0.65和0.85∶1∶0.65两种情况。     

城市地下管廊结构地震动力响应分析

地震安全问题是城市地下管廊设计中不得不考虑的部分.先使用反应位移法计算地震时管廊结构的内力,得出管廊薄弱部位.接着使用动力时程方法分析管廊的地震响应,建立土体与结构数值模型,在模型底部输入水平地震作用.采用土-结构界面接触单元,重点考虑土与结构之间的相互作用,得出结构与土之间的分离与滑移情况以及管廊在水平地震作用下的位移变形和应力分布.结果发现:地下管廊标准段结构在水平地震作用下发生明显的侧向位移,容易发生弯剪破坏,而水平方向未发生明显位移;管廊结构地震破坏时的薄弱环节在顶板、底板与侧墙的连接部位以及中隔墙的墙端,在抗震设计中需采取加固措施.     

增设斜撑的钢桁架-RC管柱结构受力性能研究

为研究斜撑对钢桁架-RC管柱结构受力性能的影响,通过模型结构拟动力试验、伪静力试验和有限元计算分析研究该类结构体系的抗震性能以及竖向荷载与风荷载作用下的基本受力性能,并与未带斜撑的空冷支架结构进行对比.结果表明:设置斜撑后,钢桁架-RC管柱结构的滞回耗能性能和承载能力均有了较大提高;管柱出现反弯点,底部弯矩减小,管柱裂缝开展范围得到有效限制,钢桁架与管柱连接节点部位破坏减轻;结构的侧移曲线在牛腿处明显分为两段,随着地震强度的增大,侧移由弯剪型趋于剪切型;结构在地震作用下的侧移角小于未带斜撑的结构,变形性能较好;竖向荷载下钢桁架平台悬挑端挠度及风荷载下结构侧移的减小幅度均大于50%.增设斜撑能够明显改善钢桁架-RC管柱结构的基本受力性能与抗震性能.     

大跨门式钢管桁架结构多点输入地震响应分析

地震动空间效应导致结构不同支座处的地震激励不一致,大跨结构应进行多点输入地震响应分析.本文对一大跨门式钢管桁架结构进行多点输入时程分析计算,考察该类型结构分别受水平和竖向地震多点输入行波效应作用下的弹性响应特征.计算结果表明,多点输入地震动激发门式结构的水平对称振型和竖向反对称振型,是导致结构多点输入地震响应与一致输入产生差别的重要原因;地震波波速对结果影响较大,为保证结果的可靠性,应取有效范围内的多个视波速进行计算;上部结构和下部结构相比,刚度小的部位结构响应受多点输入影响大;水平多点输入桁架梁中部构件、竖向多点输入桁架梁端部构件内力变化极大.     

考虑土-结构共同作用悬挑网架多遇地震时程分析

针对某悬挑网架,分别建立网架整体有限元模型(model1)和考虑土-结构共同作用网架有限元模型(model2),通过在三维多遇地震时程作用下网架结果的对比分析,重点考察悬挑网架悬挑端最大位移和与支座相邻杆件应力的变化情况.结果表明,考虑土-结构共同作用时,悬挑网架悬挑端最大竖向位移较整体模型时增大,部分与支座相邻杆件应力增大.建议在工程设计中对中软场地土上的悬挑网架考虑土-结构共同作用.     

钢筋混凝土管柱-钢桁架混合结构抗震性能

以某钢筋混凝土管柱-钢桁架竖向混合结构为背景,采用集中塑性铰有限元模型,对该结构进行动力弹塑性计算,分析了该结构的破坏机理.基于结构内容物的抗震设防指标,评价了结构的抗震性能水准,研究了钢筋混凝土管柱纵筋配筋率和壁径比对混合结构抗震性能的影响.研究表明,在7度罕遇地震作用下,该结构满足基于内容物的抗震设防基本要求;结构破坏集中在柱根,为单道防线的柱铰破坏模式;角柱与内柱为结构薄弱环节;钢桁架屈服杆件主要分布在悬挑端及与柱头连接的区域;建议该结构的柱纵筋最小配筋率不小于0.5%,柱壁径比不小于0.100.     

索-桁架结构体系抗震性能非线性有限元分析

基于索-桁架结构体系的特点和地震的性质,给出了接触网硬横跨体系抗震性能的分析方法。利用通用有限元程序ANSYS建立了某硬横跨体系的有限元模型,在水平、竖向及纵向地震作用下对其进行了动力时程分析,得出了节点应力、位移响应及其规律。分析表明,水平与竖向地震作用不明显,而纵向地震作用较大,设计时不可忽略。其研究成果可为该类结构的设计与验算提供参考。     

大跨度大悬挑桁架结构设置阻尼器的抗震性能分析

桁架结构因其具有合理的受力特点、优越的经济性以及优美的外观,在现代体育馆、展览馆、会场、航站楼、车站等建筑中得到广泛的运用。然而在遭遇地震后,桁架结构经常会产生无法修复的变形、直接破坏或结构整体局部倒塌,究竟原因是结构构件吸收了大量的地震能量,导致结构构件进入弹塑性状态以及出现屈服甚至破坏。这种状况对于大跨度大悬挑桁架结构特别明显,即悬挑端在罕遇地震作用下的变形非常大或悬挑端出现局部倒塌。该文以某大型车站结构为例,对该结构的模型进行了静力和多遇地震作用下的分析,而且又做了在罕遇地震作用下的分析,证实了结构模型在多遇地震作用下结构内力和变形符合规范要求,但在罕遇地震作用下结构变形不满足要求,所以对该结构设置粘滞阻尼器,吸收地震能量,减小在地震作用下的变形。该文优化了该结构的阻尼器布置方案以及阻尼器参数,为此类工程的设计提供了参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-