内嵌管式辐射地板的频域热特性分析

基于经典有限差分原理建立了内嵌管式辐射地板的频域有限差分(FDFD)模型,同时采用Fluent软件建立了内嵌管式辐射地板的CFD模型作为参考模型,将内嵌管式辐射地板FDFD模型在典型频域点的计算结果转换成时域内的幅值与相角,并与CFD模型的计算结果进行对比.FDFD模型能准确预测内嵌管式辐射地板的热特性.采用FDFD模型进一步计算了不同厚度绝热层的辐射地板的频域热特性,分析了绝热层厚度对内嵌管式辐射地板热特性的影响.结果表明,在高频区域,绝热层厚度对地板传热的影响较小,而在低频区域内影响较为明显,尽管绝热层厚度取到40mm,地板下表面仍存在较大的热流损失,约占管道热流的16%.     

利用频域有限元法分析内嵌管式辐射地板频域热特性

分析内嵌管式辐射地板的频域热特性,便于进一步了解内嵌管式辐射地板的动态热特征,为辐射地板的系统和控制设计提供重要的参考依据。建立了内嵌管式辐射地板的频域有限元模型,同时采用ANSYS软件建立了内嵌管式辐射地板的时域传热模型,通过2个模型的对比说明了频域有限元模型的准确性。采用频域有限元模型计算并分析了内嵌管式辐射地板的频域热特性。结果表明,在低频区域,地板的频域热响应基本不随频率变化,其传热过程接近于稳态,而在高频区域,地板的频域热响应随频率的变化十分剧烈,地板传热呈现明显的动态特征。当房间内存在较多成分的高频热扰时,关于辐射地板的传热计算应采用动态计算方法。     

相变平板简化热容热阻动态模型

建立了相变平板一维一阶(2R1C)、二阶(4R2C)与三阶(6R3C)热容热阻简化动态模型,利用遗传算法对简化模型的RC参数进行辨识。通过模拟,对不同简化模型的准确性与适用性进行了对比。结果表明,在保证准确性的前提下,4R2C简化模型所需辨识参数较少,适用性更好;与数值模型结果相比,采用4R2C简化模型在不同边界条件下模拟得到相变平板表面温度平均温差均小于0.3℃,通过左、右表面热流平均相对误差分别为10%与5%左右,表明4R2C简化模型在不同边界条件下仍具有很好的准确性与适用性。简化模型的计算时间小于数值模型计算时间的0.1%,计算效率明显提高。     

基于RC简化传热模型的混凝土辐射顶板传热及供冷能力研究

为研究混凝土冷辐射板的传热情况并对其供冷能力进行分析,采用RC简化传热模型建立混凝土辐射板二维稳态的传热模型,对混凝土辐射板内部传热情况进行模拟,计算得到混凝土内部及表面温度场.根据计算结果分析不同供水温度、埋管间距情况下,冷顶板表面的温度分布情况及供冷能力.经过实验验证,RC简化传热模型对板内温度和供冷能力的计算误差小于6%;混凝土冷辐射板供冷能力受供水水温、埋管间距及流量的直接影响,当供水温度为11~14℃,总流量为0.26~0.33m~3/h,室内空气温度为25~26℃时,混凝土辐射板平均供冷量为40~50 W/m~2.     

模块带腔地板辐射供暖系统数值模拟

为建立验证并完善模块带腔地板辐射供暖系统的CFD数值计算模型,运用数值计算模型对影响模块带腔地板辐射供暖系统的参数进行分析.建立模块带腔地板辐射供暖系统的计算模型,利用CFD软件进行模拟计算,分析供回水温度变化时地板表面平均温度,并与实验测得的数据进行对比,验证模型的正确性.利用验证后的模型,分析盘管间距对地板表面温度的影响.结果表明:所建立的CFD数值计算模型与计算方法是可行的;在供回水平均温度相同情况下,地板平均温度模拟结果与测试结果均存在1℃左右偏差,但相对偏差可以控制在5%以内.结论:盘管间距越大,模块带腔地板辐射供暖系统地板表面温度相对越低,间距对本系统的影响不可忽视.     

振动筛裂纹损伤检测及趋势分析

在神经网络辨识模型的基础上,提出了由模型参数的统计学特征对振动筛进行裂纹损伤检测及趋势分析的方法。由实测振动信号建立研究对象的神经网络辨识模型,分析辨识模型的虚拟激励下的响应信号频域特征,并对辨识模型的权值进行统计特性研究,由分析结果可以有效地检测振动筛的结构裂纹。将这种分析方法应用到工业现场振动筛裂纹发展趋势的研究上,取得了良好的效果。     

地板辐射采暖传热模型修正及散热因素分析

楼板向下散热量和内外墙体温度差异较大时,利用现有的模型计算地板辐射采暖系统地面温度分布导致误差较大.通过分析内外墙和楼板对地板辐射采暖系统传热的影响,找出零热面模型的不足,修正了传热模型,并分析影响采暖盘管的散热因素.研究结果表明, (1)内外墙体的壁温相差大时,零热面模型误差偏大,则内外墙边界条件设为第一类边界条件较合理;(2)楼板下表面设为由辐射换热等效的第三类边界条件较合理;(3)管径增大导致地板表面温度增加趋势减小.管间距、热水温度增大导致供热区域地板表面温度分布呈周期性变化逐渐明显.且管间距变大导致其周期增加、热水温度变大导致其振幅增加.选择合适的地板层材料才能保证舒适的地面温度.     

一种无样机的航空发动机转子有限元建模方法

为解决无样机时大型复杂结构的有限元建模准确性问题,对有限元建模、模型修正和确定方法进行研究。首先以模拟转子为研究对象,由模拟转子的几何模型建立了5种不同网格密度的实体模型。模型1至模型5网格密度不断增大,通过计算各模型与最细化网格模型5的模态频率差异确定一个参考模型,模型1相对于模型5频率差异小于0.6%,可作为参考模型。但是参考模型的网格尺寸较大,不能作为整机模型中的部件模型,由此需要建立转子的简化模型。由于参考模型与试验模型的频率误差在3%以内,故可以利用参考模型对简化模型进行模型修正。最后进行了试验模型和修正后的简化模型的相关分析和频响函数对比,二者频率差异在2%以内,模态置信度(MAC)匹配值高于81%,由此验证了通过参考模型修正后的简化模型的正确性和有效性。使用本方法进行无实物样机的真实航空发动机的有限元建模,能提高计算精度和减小计算量,缩短研发周期。     

地板辐射采暖盘管泄漏传热模型及数值模拟

低温热水地板辐射采暖盘管对系统的安全运行具有重要意义。由于室内装修等施工作业造成地板辐射采暖盘管缺陷,从而导致系统运行时泄漏事故的发生,为减低此类事故的危害性及时判定泄漏点位置对防止泄漏的扩散尤为重要。本文通过分析地板辐射采暖盘管泄漏特性,建立盘管泄漏过程传热传质模型,并利用FLUENT软件模确定盘管泄漏前后地板和水泥层表面温度场分布情况。研究结果表明：（1）盘管泄漏初期,水泥层表面原始温度场迅速被破坏,而整个地板表面变化较弱;随着泄漏时间的加长,地板表面温度场也造成破坏,可以通过其表面温度场明显判断泄漏点位置。（2）泄漏影响区域主要由三个区域组成,在泄漏口附近较大区域为1区恒定高温区,温度梯度变化较小;临近1区外为2区温度梯度区,温度梯度变化剧烈;受泄漏影响较弱区域为3区地板稳态温度区,其温度主要由原始地板温度场控制。     

混凝土辐射供冷RC简化传热模型的改进及实验验证

混凝土辐射供冷非稳态传热过程的研究,对系统的运行和控制具有重要意义．本文对以系统几何及热工参数来确定核心温度层热容热阻的RC简化模型进行研究,加入沿管道供水换热过程的模型,实现供水温度和流量联合变化工况下楼板动态热响应的模拟分析．搭建混凝土辐射供冷系统全尺寸标准测试舱,验证上述模型的准确性和适用性．结果表明,在供水温度和流量非连续变化的非稳态工况下,模型计算值与实测值变化趋势基本一致,热流密度模拟值与实测值偏差约为5W／m^2,内部温度模拟值与实测值偏差小于等于0．5℃,模拟误差小,适用性较高．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to