苋菜红-蛋白质体系的共振瑞利散射光谱及其应用

研究了酸性条件下染色剂苋菜红-蛋白质体系的共振瑞利散射光谱。在pH=3．80的Clark-Lubs缓冲介质中,苋菜红与蛋白质通过分子间作用力形成复合物,使最大波长为523nm的共振光散射光谱得到加强,这种增强的共振光散射用于鸡蛋清试样中总蛋白的测定,其线性响应范围为1．5～5．0mg／L,检测限为209μg／L。该方法的稳定性及选择性良好,适用于微量蛋白质分析。     

达旦黄-OP体系共振瑞利散射法测定蛋白质

研究了达旦黄与蛋白质的结合反应．在乳化剂OP存在下及pH1．6的酸性介质中，蛋白质与达旦黄形成复合物，使最大波长460nm的共振光散射光谱得到加强，根据其共振光散射的增强程度，可用于蛋白质的定量测定．乳化剂OP的加入，使灵敏度提高1．7倍．牛血清白蛋白、人血清白蛋白、卵白蛋白、γ-球蛋白的线性范围分别为0．03～1．0、0．04～1．1、0．05～1．4、0．05～1．3mg／L，检测限分别为13．1、13．9、17．1、16．2μg／L．用于人血清、牛奶、豆浆、尿液中蛋白质的测定，结果与经典的考马斯亮蓝法一致．     

粗粒化模拟研究核糖体30S小亚基的组装动力学（英文）

核糖体是一种生物大分子复合物，它负责蛋白质的生物合成。在大肠杆菌（E. coli）中，完整的核糖体由30S小亚基和50S大亚基组成。大约半个世纪以来，30S小亚基一直是研究核糖体体外组装的关键模型系统，并提出了其组装图谱。然而，该RNA-蛋白质复合物动态组装过程中很多的结构细节仍然未知。本文按照30S小亚基组装图谱的顺序进行了一系列粗粒化模拟，以研究其组装过程中的构象动力学。我们发现，裸露的16S rRNA三级结构非常不稳定，即使与早期组装蛋白结合后仍然会出现类似情况。中期组装蛋白可以显著限制16S rRNA的柔性，并使后者接近于天然结构。晚期组装蛋白的最终结合使16S rRNA完全获得其功能运动。特别地，我们发现蛋白S9和S3对30S小亚基的组装可能比其他核糖体蛋白有更重要的贡献。如果已知组装图谱，我们的粗粒化模拟策略可以广泛应用于研究生物大分子复合物的组装动力学。     

亮氨酸拉链结构蛋白在大肠杆菌重组子中的表达

酵母转录因子GCN4是通过亮氨酸拉链(bZIP)结构结合DNA的蛋白质之一，当GCN4二聚体与DNA结合时，亮氨酸拉链区的2个单体结合为平行的卷曲螺旋结构，而其基区由无规线团结构变为α螺旋．为探讨亮氨酸拉链蛋白与DNA的结合机理，设计了含有GCN4亮氨酸拉链蛋白基区结合DNA的必需氨基酸的折叠片段，并将其克隆到Escherichia coli BL21，讨论了此亮氨酸拉链蛋白的表达条件．在蛋白质的小量表达试验中，重组子Escherichia coli BL21于5mL含有50μg／mL氨节青霉素和34μg／mL氯霉素的LB液体培养基中培养至对数期，加入不同浓度的IPTG，继续培养以诱导蛋白质的表达，在不同的时间(如：诱导前，诱导2，4，6，8h)取样100μL到1．5mL离心管中、离心收集沉淀，将沉淀悬浮于样品缓冲液中，用10％SDS-PAGE检测；在10L含氨苄青霉素和氯霉素的LB液体培养基中进行了大量表达，根据小量表达的试验结果确定了IPTG的浓度和诱导时间．结果表明：含有这种拉链蛋白质的重组子Escherichia coli BL21在37℃下小量培养时，0．1-0．8mmol的IPTG均可在2-10h内诱导该蛋白质表达；而大量培养时，0．2mmol和0．4mmol的IPTG在37℃均不可能诱导表达，只在28℃时才表达；小量培养和大量培养的最佳诱导时间为4-6h，诱导剂IPTG的浓度为0．2mmol，大量表达的温度为28℃而不是37℃．     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯与胰蛋白酶的相互作用

在模拟人体生理条件下(pH值为7.4),应用荧光光谱法、紫外光谱法和圆二色谱法(CD)并结合原子力显微镜(AFM)和分子模拟技术,研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对胰蛋白酶(Trypsin)的光谱性质、结构及催化活性的影响.结果表明,DBP通过氢键和范德华力与胰蛋白酶形成基态复合物而猝灭胰蛋白酶的内源荧光,DBP在胰蛋白酶上只有1个结合位点.同步荧光、紫外和CD光谱研究发现,DBP与胰蛋白酶的结合诱导了酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠和β-转角含量的减少,而增加了无规卷曲的含量.原子力显微镜图像显示,DBP的存在引起胰蛋白酶的表面形态发生变化,蛋白质发生了聚集.分子模拟结果表明,DBP结合于胰蛋白酶S1疏水空腔附近,与氨基酸His 57,Ser 195和Gly 193形成氢键.酶活测定结果显示,DBP的存在导致胰蛋白酶活性被抑制.     

藻蓝蛋白裂合酶基因的表达与酶活性研究

为了比较研究层理鞭枝藻藻蓝蛋白裂合酶PcE／F与藻红蓝蛋白裂合／异构酶PecE／F的结构与功能,将藻蓝蛋白裂合酶PcE／F氨基酸序列与其他蓝藻的相应序列进行比较,并进行大量表达,将表达的裂合酶PcE／F用于藻蓝胆素(PCB)与藻蓝蛋白α-亚基(α-PC)脱辅基蛋白(PcA)的体外重组,得到天然活性的α-PC,从而表明层理鞭枝藻中pcE／F所编码的蛋白质是α-PC生物合成的裂合酶．     

酿酒酵母氧化应激系统的结构生物学基础

酿酒酵母是目前研究背景最为清楚的单细胞真核生物,迄今已知有78个基因编码的蛋白质直接参与其氧化应激反应.这些蛋白质按照功能可以被分为三大类:感应蛋白、调控蛋白和效应蛋白.我们从效应蛋白出发,沿着硫氧还蛋白系统和谷氧还蛋白系统的电子传递路线,逐一解析了所有关键节点蛋白质的三维结构.结合这些蛋白质的生化性质研究、蛋白质-蛋白质复合物的鉴定和结构解析,以及酵母基因组数据库中日益更新的实验数据,我们已初步建立参与酵母氧化应激反应的效应蛋白在原子分辨率上的相互作用网络.这些研究将为我们理解人类氧化应激反应的作用机理提供重要提示,进而可能用于疾病治疗和抗衰老药物的设计.     

邻二氮苯与水复合物构型的理论研究

报道了邻二氮苯与水形成复合物的理论研究结果．把复合物看作一个超分子，运用Gaussian94量子化学程序包．在MP2／6—31G(d)基组水平上进行从头计算．探讨复合物的稳定性，研究施体与受体间的电荷转移及几何参数变化等规律．结果表明．邻二氮苯与水可形成稳定的分子间弱作用复合物，存在4种独立可区分的构象．但无论从稳定性、电荷转移．还是几何构型来说．都是以平面单氢键顺式构象为最好．形成复合物的过程包含着电荷转移。     

人胰蛋白酶原-2在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化与活性测定

胰蛋白酶原-2是急性胰腺炎相关的敏感而特异的标志物,并且与多种肿瘤转移的过程密切相关．对胰蛋白酶原-2基因5’端4个氨基酸的密码子碱基进行简并突变,并在其3’端连接6个组氨酸编码序列构建含重组质粒pBVTg2的大肠杆菌工程菌-pBvTg2／DH5α．重组大肠杆菌经温度诱导后获得了高效表达,重组蛋白占总菌体蛋白的20％,并以包涵体形式存在．包涵体经尿素缓冲液裂解后,通过Ni-NTA亲和树脂一步分离纯化．纯化蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析及利用anti—histidine mAb进行Western blotting分析,以及蛋白N末端测序分析,结果表明与目的蛋白特征相符合．纯化的重组人胰蛋白酶原-2经复性后能与天然人胰蛋白酶原-2的单抗antihTrypsinogen2 mAb特异结合,复性后的蛋白在肠激酶作用后测得具有74BAEEU／mg的胰蛋白酶比活力,为进行胰蛋白酶原-2单克隆抗体的制备及其检测和应用奠定了基础．     

γ-聚谷氨酸合成酶系PgsBCA结构的生物信息学分析

利用ProtParam、TopPred、PredictProtein、PSORT-B Prediction、SWISS-MODEL等软件分别分析蛋白质的理化性质、跨膜区、二级结构、亚细胞定位、三维结构.结果显示:PgsB是亲水不稳定蛋白,通过豆蔻酰锚钩锚定于质膜上,催化作用需与ATP结合提供能量;PgsC是疏水稳定蛋白,通过4个跨膜区和多个豆蔻酰锚钩定位于质膜,具有酰胺化位点;PgsA是亲水稳定蛋白,通过N端一个跨膜区和豆蔻酰锚钩结合于质膜,具有多种磷酸化位点.说明γ-聚谷氨酸(Polyγ-glutamic acid,γ-PGA)合成酶系3个组分蛋白形成复合物定位于质膜上,其中PgsB在胞内催化γ-PGA合成,PgsC固定于质膜,连接PgsB和PgsA组分,PgsA在胞外负责γ-PGA的运输.通过对γ-PGA合成酶系各组分蛋白结构的分析,为日后在谷氨酸高产菌株中的表达奠定了基础.     

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in murine autoimmune 'lupus' nephritis

The (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid mouse develops a severe autoimmune disease similar to systemic lupus erythematosus in humans. Both the human and murine form of the disease show strong associations with alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products. The severe form of the disease found in F1 mice is due, in part, to dominant NZW gene(s) mapping with the H-2 complex (the murine MHC). Here we present evidence that the tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) gene, which is located within the H-2 complex (the murine major histocompatibility complex), could be involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis in F1 mice. Thus, a restriction fragment length polymorphism in the TNF-alpha gene correlates with the reduced levels of TNF-alpha produced by NZW mice. Furthermore, replacement therapy with recombinant TNF-alpha induces a significant delay in the development of the nephritis.     

Probing met repressor-operator recognition in solution.

The three-dimensional crystal structure of the Escherichia coli methionine repressor, MetJ, complexed with a DNA operator fragment is described in an accompanying article. The complex exhibits several novel features of DNA-protein interaction. DNA sequence recognition is achieved largely by hydrogen-bond contacts between the bases and amino-acid side chains located on a beta-ribbon, a mode of recognition previously hypothesized on the basis of modelling of idealized beta-strands and DNA, and mutagenesis of the Salmonella phage P22 repressors Arc and Mnt. The complex comprises a pair of MetJ repressor dimers which bind to adjacent met-box sites on the DNA, and contact each other by means of a pair of antiparallel alpha-helices. Here we assess the importance of these contacts, and also of contacts that would be made between the C-helices of the protein and DNA in a previous model of the complex, by studying mutations aimed at disrupting them. The role of the carboxy-terminal helix face in operator binding was unclear, but we demonstrate that recognition of operator sequences occurs through side chains in the beta-strand motif and that dimer-dimer interactions are required for effective repression.     

Specific anti-tumor effect induced by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine expressing extracellular region of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

The purposes of this research were to study the stable expression of exogenous gene encoding therapeutic protein in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, observe the metabolism of oral gene vaccine carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in BALB/c mouse, and investigate the feasibility of prevention and treatment of tumors by the recombinant bacteria. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7) was transformed into competent attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 to develop oral DNA vaccine SL3261-pcDNA3.1 VEGFR2(n1-7). To observe whether the exogenous gene can be expressed in the recombinant bacteria, PCR was performed to amplify the CMV promoter of the eukaryotic expression vector as the proof of stable expression of exogenous protein; transmission elec- tron microscopy (TEM) was applied to observe the morphology of the recombinant bacteria to confirm that the exogenous gene has no impact on the growth of the bacteria, and then BALB/c mice were immunized with the gene vaccine. After inoculation of the gene vaccine, the recombinant bacteria SL3261 could be detected in the tissues such as small intestine, colon, liver and spleen. And then, mice in each group were challenged with tumor cells. The results of animal experiment showed that tumor growth of the mice in experimental group was inhibited and survival time of immunized mice was prolonged compared with control groups. A higher lymphocyte infiltration in tumors from animals treated with DNA vaccine was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples revealed an en- hanced accumulation of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as an increase in CD4 cells in the tumors of animals treated with the oral gene vaccine compared to tumors from control group mice. Ultrastructure of the tumor tissue showed that tumor cells in the samples of the immunized mice were well-differentiated. Our research confirmed that the exogenous gene can be stably expressed in the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and has no impact on the growth of the recombinant bacteria; the exogenous gene can de delivered to the host by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to produce anti-tumor effect with no obvious cytotoxity to the host. In this study, it is established that attenuated Salmonella typhimurium could be used as a vector for oral gene vaccine, and our study provided a theoretical basis for the body distribution and the metabolism of the recombinant bacteria. This strategy may provide a simple, safe and effective way for the prevention and treatment of tumors.     

论龙门山彭灌杂岩体的构造属性

位于龙门山中段的彭灌杂岩是一个巨大的岩性复杂的地质体，形成于前寒武纪时期。剖面研究和１：５万区域地质填图表明，它是处于龙门山中段推覆构造带中的一个构造变形十分强烈的构造片体，是推覆过程中经受了强烈改造的一个古老杂岩体的外来岩块。其接触关系和侵位方式均属构造成因，仅在片体内部局部保留原始热侵位特征。杂岩体内部的变形特征均属印支—喜马拉雅期的构造形迹。     

食品中沙门氏菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

食品及其原料中沙门氏菌的快速、现场检测对食品安全控制具有重要意义.根据沙门氏菌invA基因核苷酸序列设计一组引物,应用环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）,分别对7种不同血清型沙门氏菌和4种非沙门氏菌进行扩增,同时建立沙门氏菌人工污染的食品模型,比较了LAMP法与活菌计数检测的敏感性.结果表明,该方法仅对沙门氏菌产生特异性扩增,灵敏度高达336,mL-1,食品样品经细菌富集培养后,检测灵敏度高达8.25,g-1.所建立的检测沙门氏菌方法具有较高的特异性与灵敏性,操作简单、快速,可用于沙门氏菌污染食品的快速检测.     

Involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor in the invasion of cultured mammalian cells by Salmonella typhimurium.

Salmonella infection continues to be a major world-wide health problem. One essential pathogenic feature common to all Salmonella is their ability to penetrate the cells of the intestinal epithelium which are normally non-phagocytic. The internalization of Salmonella into mammalian cells is thought to be a receptor-mediated phenomenon and the invasion of cultured epithelial cells depends on several Salmonella genes, but nothing is known about the host determinants participating in this interaction. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation follows stimulation of many cell-surface receptors to initiate signal transduction pathways that stimulate cellular responses. We report here that invasion of cultured Henle-407 cells by Salmonella typhimurium induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. In contrast, an isogenic strain of S. typhimurium that is defective in invasion owing to a mutation in the invA gene is unable to induce such phosphorylation. Addition of EGF to cultured Henle-407 cells allowed the internalization of the invasion-defective S. typhimurium invA mutant although it did not cause the internalization of an adherent, but non-invasive, strain of Escherichia coli. This result indicates that stimulation of the EGF receptor is involved in the invasion of cultured Henle-407 cells by S. typhimurium.     

Specific anti-tumor effect induced by attenuated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella typhimurium</Emphasis> vaccine expressing extracellular region of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

The purposes of this research were to study the stable expression of exogenous gene encoding therapeutic protein in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, observe the metabolism of oral gene vaccine carried by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in BALB/c mouse, and investigate the feasibility of prevention and treatment of tumors by the recombinant bacteria. Recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1＋ VEGFR2（n1-7） was transformed into competent attenuated Salmonella typhimuriurn SL3261 to develop oral DNA vaccine SL3261-pcDNA3.1＋VEGFR2（n1-7）. To observe whether the exogenous gene can be expressed in the recombinant bacteria, PCR was performed to amplify the CMV promoter of the eukaryotic expression vector as the proof of stable expression of exogenous protein; transmission elec- tron microscopy （TEM） was applied to observe the morphology of the recombinant bacteria to confirm that the exogenous gene has no impact on the growth of the bacteria, and then BALB/c mice were immunized with the gene vaccine. After inoculation of the gene vaccine, the recombinant bacteria SL3261 could be detected in the tissues such as small intestine, colon, liver and spleen. And then, mice in each group were challenged with tumor cells. The results of animal experiment showed that tumor growth of the mice in experimental group was inhibited and survival time of immunized mice was prolonged compared with control groups. A higher lymphocyte infiltration in tumors from animals treated with DNA vaccine was observed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples revealed an enhanced accumulation of CD8^＋ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as an increase in CD4^＋ cells in the tumore of animals treated with the oral gene vaccine compared to tumors from control group mice. UI- trestructure of the tumor tissue showed that tumor cells in the samples of the immunized mice were well-differentiated. Our research confirmed that the exogenous gene can be stably expressed in the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and has no impact on the growth of the r