方形通道内流体流动的耗散粒子动力学并行计算

利用耗散粒子动力学(DPD)对方形通道内流体流动进行了模拟.通道壁面由3层粒子组成.在壁面附近实施了无滑移边界条件,在流动方向实施了周期性边界条件.计算中对每一颗粒子施加重力,从而驱动整个流体流动.计算结果表明,流体充分发展的速度分布与基于N-S方程的数值模拟结果一致.并行计算结果表明,DPD很适合于并行计算.与每个节点所处理的总的粒子数目相比,只有少数粒子参与通信,因此能够获得较高的并行效率.当节点数目为18时,并行效率仍然在80%以上.     

T-型微流控通道中微液滴形成机制的CFD模拟

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,对宽型微米级T-型微通道中微液滴形成机制进行了数值模拟。通过与已有文献实验结果的对比,证明了数值模拟的准确性;发现液滴在微通道中的形成过程可分为液滴形成和成长、液滴与分散相的脱离和液滴从通道壁的脱落3个阶段。首次系统分析了通道壁的润湿性对液滴形成的影响,发现当分散相在通道壁上的接触角小于90°时,才能形成微液滴;通道壁越疏分散相,微液滴越容易形成,并且从通道壁上脱离的时间也越短。通过分别改变连续相的黏度、流速以及两相间界面张力,研究了毛细准数Ca对微液滴的形成机制及液滴大小的影响。发现在T-型通道中能形成液滴的范围内,Ca越大,则形成的微液滴体积越小;当Ca大于0.067时,微液滴的直径与连续相Ca的倒数之间存在明显的线性关系。     

双向抗高过载微流体惯性开关

为实现微流体惯性开关在智能弹药引信系统中的应用,提出一种双向抗高过载微流体惯性开关,解决高冲击作用下由水银液滴分离造成的开关接触不稳定问题.基于微通道内水银液滴所受毛细力原理,设计蛇形缓冲通道与三级毛细阀结构.分析收缩型毛细阀与扩张型毛细阀中水银液滴的受力状态,建立矩形截面通道中水银液滴的静态阈值模型;采用用户定义函数(UDF)施加加速度载荷对开关进行有限元仿真.通过仿真分析可知,该惯性开关在典型正向勤务跌落载荷与典型反向勤务跌落载荷作用下,水银液滴可恢复至初始状态,不会产生液滴分离现象,表明开关具备可靠的抗高过载能力.采用两次离心试验完成微小水银液滴的制备与注液,对所制作的微流体开关样机进行Machete落锤冲击试验.试验结果表明:开关在典型正向冲击载荷与典型反向冲击载荷作用后,水银液滴未发生液滴分离现象,与仿真结果一致.     

一种新型微热流陀螺仪的结构参数研究

提出了一种基于双向流体检测角速度的微热流陀螺仪.不同于射流偏转工作方式,它采用对称分流通道结构,利用哥式力引起对称分流通道的流量不同,导致流体与布置于分流通道内的热敏器件对流传热不同,通过检测热敏器件的温差获得角速度.采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模型计算并分析了不同结构参数(主通道长、宽、高,主通道张角,两分流通道角度,拐角的过渡圆弧,分叉尖角的圆弧倒角)对检测灵敏度的影响.结果表明使流体速度充分偏转和减小分流通道流动阻力有利于提高检测灵敏度.     

耗散粒子动力学平衡并行算法的实现

提出了一种耗散粒子动力学（DPD）的平衡并行（BPDPD）算法,解决了传统DPD程序计算时间过长的问题。通过动态的划分模拟空间实现了节点间的负载均衡,并且运用子节点数据本地重建机制有效减少了节点通信的数据量。对锚定蛋白质的聚集做了模拟,实验结果显示,该算法有效的减少DPD模拟的时间,并在10节点的集群上得到了6.3的加速比。     

动态喷墨液滴两相流模拟

采用数值模拟方法研究了在平坦固体表面润湿时喷墨液滴的产生过程．以确定出发生液滴的关键．在考虑了表面张力和壁粘连的基础上．利用两相流之流体体积方法（VOF）建立了一个计算流体动力学模型采模拟湿平坦的固体表面上液滴过程．结果表明：基于VOF模型能够模拟润湿固体表面上液滴产生的动态,能够反映动态液滴与润湿固体表面间的相互作用和主要特征．这一模拟提高了对流体流动的认识．可以为一个特定的喷墨应用预测优化设计．     

耗散粒子动力学的发展与应用简述

耗散粒子动力学作为一种介观尺度的模拟方法已经形成了自己的体系,由于在模拟复杂流体方面的优势,一直受到国内外学者的关注,因此简述耗散粒子动力学的发展与应用是有一定必要性的,文章首先介绍耗散粒子动力学（dissipative paticle dynamics,DPD）的发展以及耗散粒子动力学的提出、理论模型、积分方法等,接着简述耗散粒子动力学在各领域的应用.最后总结DPD的发展与应用概况.     

高分子复杂流体中的图样生成与选择

结合高分子体系中的图样（形态）生成、选择及其动力学研究的发展介绍了在高分子共混物，嵌段共聚高分子，含液晶高分子共混体系的相分离动力学方面，以及在高分子复杂流体中的图样生成及其动力学方面的研究工作。     

纳米流体液滴的耗散粒子动力学模拟

采用在介观尺度下适用的耗散粒子动力学(dissipative particle dynamics, DPD)方法, 对考虑静电力作用的纳米流体系统进行建模, 研究了在纳米颗粒带电量和浓度影响下纳米流体液滴接触角的变化. 通过对实验过程进行的数值模拟, 得到了定性相同的结果.     

矩形微通道中压力驱动流体的热传导数值模拟

本文利用基于控制体积法的SIMPLEC算法对微通道中的压力驱动流体的热传导问题进行了数值模拟．首先通过Poisson-Boltzmann方程求解微通道中的电荷密度,然后通过包含了外加电场力的Navier-Stokes方程对电粘现象进行深入的研究．上述的方程通过与温度相关的介电常数,粘性系数以及热导率和能量方进行程耦合求解,进而研究了微管道的特征尺度和宽高比对Nusselt数（Nu）以及Poiseuille数（Po）的影响,研究发现,电粘效应和流体的热物理属性对于微管道中的Po数和Nu数有着非常显著的影响,尤其是热物理属性更为重要。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.