利用Excel实现公路工程报价的快速评标

公路工程的招投标评标时,商务报价的评分在各评分因素中所占权重最大。本文结合目前在公路工程中普遍采用的四种评标办法．介绍了利用Excel实现公路工程报价快速评标的方法。     

工程投标策略与技巧

在招投标过程中,投标人的投标文件往往是招标人对其商务、技术和资信等方面进行评价的主要依据,而投标报价又是投标文件中至关重要的组成部分、也是投标竞争获胜的关键因素。所谓投标报价,是投标人根据招标文件的商务条款、技术、工程图纸及其他部分的意图和要求,按照自己制定的施工方案、施工工艺、施工技术措施,井根据自己企业的生产组织管理水平,编制并确定该项招标工条款程的总价格;施工企业要想在投标中立于不败之地,顺利中标并在承包工程中赢利,就需要综合考虑各种主观条件与客观因素,研究投标策略,确定投标方法。现结合多年从事商务标的投标报价工作经验谈谈工程投标策略与技巧。     

工程量清单计价模式下合理低价法评标

论述合理低价法评标的评审内容和合理低价的确定方法,认为采用优化浮动参考价,并用区间评分法来量化评定投标报价的优劣的评标方法,是一种操作性强,比较符合我国建筑市场现状的理想评标方法.通过实例分析证明,各投标人在最高投标限价下的自主报价,可确保报价是投标人真实实力与合理经营策略的体现,参考价随机产生,避免了因预先设定的参考价而漏标的风险,也避免了个别投标人恶意抬价、压价或是串通投标的风险.     

工程量清单报价模式下招标评标模式研究

在对工程量清单报价下现行评标模式进行分析的基础上，对评标程序、评价指标体系和综合评价方法三方面进行了改造，从而设计出一个既能保证中标低价的合理性，又有利于促使投标企业低价竞标的评标新模式．     

合理低标价法评标中判定施工成本价的若干问题

采用合理低标价法评标,需要判定施工承包商的报价不低于其施工成本.本文根据作者多年从事施工招标投标工作的经验,从基准价的编制与公开、对招标和招标文件的要求、对投标文件的要求、对评标委员会的要求和对评标的要求等五个方面,提出了采用合理低标价法评标时对施工成本价进行判定的具体建议.     

建筑工程项目招标评标的综合评价方法

利用模糊优先关系比较法并借鉴价值工程的思想,从功能和成本2个方面,对影响评标的多个因素进行综合评价,给出招标评标的综合评价方法。首先,根据专家对投标企业功能的评分,用模糊优先关系比较法确定功能综合评价系数,然后与企业的单位投标报价的成本系数共同构造综合评价指标,根据综合评价指标的大小来实现对投标企业的排序和选择。实例进行了建模计算说明了该方法的有效性。     

浅谈工程量清单计价与风险分析

工程量清单计价在近几年的试行过程中,随着《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》的出台与工程量清单计价办法的广泛推行,建设工程项目造价的计价行为有了较明确的参考依据。工程量清单计价就是招标人在招标文件中列出拟建工程的工程数量表,投标人按工程量表、招标文件要求自主报价,通过评标竞争确定工程造价的形式。虽然工程量清单计价形式上只是要求招标文件中列出工程量表,但在具体计价过程中涉及到造价构成、计价依据、评标办法等一系列问题。其采用综合单价计价,包括了工程直接费、间接费、管理费、风险费、利润、税金、国家规定的各种规定费用等。施工企业的投标报价在很大程度上决定中标后的施工行为,对工期、质量将产生直接的影响。因此,合理的项目造价是施工企业的生命线。     

浅议如何编制好建筑工程投标报价

阐述了建筑工程投标报价的编制问题,包括工程量计算、正确套用单价、合理确定各类费用、复核工作、规定范围内投标报价的浮动等。     

浅谈获取公路工程最优投标报价的途径

针对目前公路工程投标活动中投标的核心问题——怎样确定一个低而适度的报价，并在中标后能获得理想的经济效益，提出了4种获取最优投标报价的途径：降低预算成本、合理确定利润率、报价平衡及单价重分配。     

基于蒙特卡罗模拟的风险评标法探讨

在使用经评审的最低价中标法进行评标时,注重商务标和技术标的评价,对标书的风险评价不足.为了有效规避风险,减少损失,提出风险评标法.首先,根据各标书的风险金数额和投标报价决定风险评价指标;其次,评标委员会用蒙特卡罗模拟法计算标书风险指标;最后,评标委员会结合商务标、技术标和风险评价指标综合决定标书的排名.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.